Death cards or calling cards were used in the Vietnam war by US soldiers as a form of psychological warfare.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner

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Music Credit

Asian Drums - Vadodara by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Dejan Milivojevic
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https://vocalforge.com/

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There is far more to 1919-1939 Germany than it simply being a prelude to Hitler’s rise to power. As financial ruin, military defeat, and a humiliating treaty blew in gales, Germans pushed for a republican system of government, and a new constitution to lift them off their knees. It was a period of not only struggle as hyperinflation and reparations cut holes into longcoats, but also of steady recovery as the nation launched itself once more onto the world market, as well as creative ingenuity that would continue to shape our understanding of modernity. Watch the political obstacles that had faced the likes of Ebert and Stresemann, the devastating impact of the Great Depression, and the dramatic dissolution of the republic with all its vibrant cultural iconography.

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Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)

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Bibliography

Carsten, Francis Ludwig. Reichswehr Politics.
Clare, John D. “Hyperinflation.” Last accessed 24th June 2022. johndclare.net.
Dickson, Andrew. “Culture in Weimar Germany: on the edge of the volcano.” Last accessed 24th June 2022. Bl.uk.
History.com Editors. “Weimar Republic.” Last modified March 4, 2021. History.com.
Kiger, Patrick J. “The Treaty of Versailles Punished Defeated Germany With These Provisions.” Last accessed 24th June 2022. History.com.
Kirby, G. Hall, Henry Ashby Turner, Kenneth Barkin, John Michael Wallace-Hadrill, Patrick J. Geary, Theodore S. Hamerow, William H. Berentsen, et al. "Germany." Last modified: June 22, 2022. Encyclopedia Britannica.com.
MacGregor, Neil. Germany: Memories of a Nation. London: Allen Lane, 2014.
Rossol, Nadine, and Benjamin Ziemann. The Oxford Handbook of the Weimar Republic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Treaty of Versailles: 1919.” Last modified June 21, 2022. Encyclopedia Britannica.com. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Weimar Republic.” Last accessed 24th June 2022. Encyclopedia Britannica.com.
Trueman, C. N. “Hyperinflation and Weimar Germany.” Last accessed 24th June, 2022. historylearningsite.co.uk.
US Holocaust Memorial Museum. “German territorial losses, Treaty of Versailles, 1919.” Last accessed 24th June, 2022. encyclopedia.ushmm.org.

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Originating in Ancient Greece as a device only for torture, the wheel, otherwise known as the breaking wheel or Catherine wheel, was used as a form of public execution and torture up until the early 19th century.

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Papermaking, gunpowder, printing and the compass.
These four inventions have been recognised as catalysts for great civilisations.

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Created by Daniel Turner

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Music Credit:

Shenyang Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/


Sources:
Ancient Chinese Inventions
By Yinke Deng

Rockets
By Joseph A. Angelo

The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in ...
By Tonio Andrade

China at War: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia
edited by Xiaobing Li

History of Papermaking in China
By Zhi Dao

Clay: The History and Evolution of Humankind's Relationship with Earth's Most Primal Element
Book by Suzanne Staubach

Made in collaboration with Epic History TV, check out the other episode in this double bill, Francis Drake here: https://youtu.be/WiwEwSdKh0c
Ferdinand Magellan - first circumnavigation of the Earth completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.


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Music Credit

‘LIFE IS’, ‘EIDOLON’, ‘STARS IN HER SKIES’ by Scott Buckley – www.scottbuckley.com.au

‘Attribution 4.0 International’

Banner of Charles I of Spain: Proof02 via Wikimedia CC BY-SA 3.0

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Music Credit

Failing Defense by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

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The F-35 Lightning II is the truly remarkable and far fetching futuristic piece of equipment. With the modern avionics and electronics, stealth capabilities and superb weaponry it pushes the quality bar forward and sets up high standards of the modern airplanes.

Designed to fly in any weather and condition, to vertically take off and land, utilize 360 degrees view and the futuristic helmet mounted display system it should provide NATO and its allies with the state of the art technology capable of protecting it against the potential adversaries.

Would this $400 billion airplane be able to turn the tide and provide security to the NATO countries?


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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Conan White
Narrator:

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Gun Shooting Positions

One of the easiest ways to tell the difference between amateur and professional sharpshooters is how they choose to handle their weapons. Different gun stances will reveal the comfort and experience someone has when handling a gun.
A professional soldier will hold a weapon with confidence that they know how to operate and maintain it for the best results.


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https://pastebin.com/8ti0jRQx

Greek Hoplites were heavy infantry soldiers, citizen-soldiers who equipped themselves when called to fight for the poleis or city-state.

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Music Credit:
Hero's Theme by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://www.twinmusicom.org/song/280/heros-theme
Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org

Firesong by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Sources:

Greek Hoplite vs Persian Warrior: 499–479 BC
By Chris McNab

Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare
By Iain Spence

Spartan Warrior 735–331 BC
By Duncan B Campbell

Athenian Democracy at War
By David M. Pritchard

The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Warfare
edited by Peter Connolly, John Gillingham, John Lazenby

On the Home front the British weren't just concerned with German air raids, for among themselves was another killer..

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner

Script: Conan White

Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Music Credit:
Haunting Dreams by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://www.twinmusicom.org/son....g/249/haunting-dream
Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org

'Gathering Darkness', 'ice demon' by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Sources:
https://pastebin.com/TagG1FJS

The Nazi party used radios to spread its message to new followers, especially pushing the argument that Germany had been wronged by the Treaty of Versailles.

Alongside posters, school programs, and other more obvious forms of indoctrination, the radio allowed for subliminal and less direct messaging.


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Created by Daniel Turner

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Sources:

The Third Reich: Politics and Propaganda
By David Welch

Media and the Making of Modern Germany: Mass Communications, Society, and Politics from the Empire to the Third Reich
by Corey Ross

Berlin Alexanderplatz: Radio, Film, and the Death of Weimar Culture
By Peter Jelavich

A National Acoustics: Music and Mass Publicity in Weimar and Nazi Germany by Brian Currid

Axis Sally: The American Voice of Nazi Germany
By Richard Lucas

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During the night, 200 Japanese soldiers decided to surprise the Gurkhas and to break their way to Taungdaw.
The first line of defence they encountered into was a small trench manned by Lachhiman Gurung and two other soldiers.
This trench was positioned on the jungle road that led straight to the camp.
If Gurung’s position was overrun, the entire camp would have been endangered...

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https://vocalforge.com/

Music Credit:

'Asian Drums - Vadodara', "Crossing the Chasm", ""Drums of the Deep"" by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
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Sources:

https://pastebin.com/zErFZQvQ

Install Raid for Free ✅ IOS/ANDROID/PC: https://clcr.me/SimpleHistory_May23 and get a special starter pack with an Epic champion ⚡️Knight Errant⚡️ Available only for new players.

Masterminded in the latter half of World War I, the German trench strategy called Defence in Depth proved to be a much more formidable and sustainable system than the earlier 'hold the front line even if it creates rivers of blood' tactic.

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The Vietnam War lasted for decades, with the North Vietnamese engaging South Vietnam, the United States and other allies in a protracted guerrilla war. The fighting raged across jungles, in the air, and even underground as both sides vied for supremacy.
During this drawn out conflict, some of those who fought there found themselves in situations that were more deadly, more terrifying, or just plain more unpleasant than soldiers that were fighting elsewhere.


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☢️April 26, 1986 was the date of the worst nuclear disaster in history. ☢️
What was supposed to be a standard safety test, ended up with the explosion of reactor number 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine, in the Soviet Union.
Once the fire was extinguished, and the danger of further explosions eliminated, what remained was a complete mess.
It was a mess that someone had to clean up.
Around 600,000 people were recruited by the Soviet government for the job.
They were known as Liquidators.


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Bryan 'Lazlo' Beauregard

The Siege of Leningrad was one of the longest sieges in history.
The German forces were to hold the city under siege therefore starving the soviet defenders to death.
However, they did not expect such a heroic resistance by the Leningrad defenders...


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Credit:
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Music Credit

'Failing Defense' , 'All This - Scoring Action' , 'Cortosis - Scoring Action' by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Eyes of Glory- Aakash Gandhi


Sources:
Gerhard L. Weinberg, A World at Arms, a Global History of World War II
Jeremy Black, World War Two, A military history
Peter Calvocoressi, Guy Wint, Total War, the story of World War II
Georgy Zhukov, The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov
The World at War - By Mark Arnold-Forster

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Stanley’s African adventures can really only be appreciated if one looked at maps he had to rely on to survive. If you looked up Andriveau-Goujon’s ‘Carte générale de l’Afrique’ (1856) as an example, you will see a different Africa one with vast empty spaces. To be sure, it was a marked improvement to sixteenth century maps who used cyclops and giant elephants to hide their lack of knowledge, but yet you can still find fictional gigantic lakes and mountain ranges such as Lake Tanganyika and the Mountains of the Moon. Then, imagine you are tasked to find a single person in one of these entirely blank regions, while you also need to convince over a hundred strangers with you that this endeavor will be an undoubtedly dazzling success. Learn how Stanley even reached such an opportunity, having been born in Wales and disowned by his parents, to soon globetrotting and travel writing with his pockets continuously filled by the wealthiest of patrons.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)

Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Bibliography

Baumeister, Roy F. and John Tierney. “Henry Morton Stanley’s Unbreakable Will.” Accessed July 12, 2022. Smithsonian Magazine.

Jeal, Tim. The Impossible Life of Africa’s Greatest Explorer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.

Middleton, Dorothy, Adam Augustyn, Aakanksha Gaur, Gloria Lotha, Deepti Mahajan, Amy McKenna, Chelsey Parrott-Sheffer, and Shiveta Singh. “Henry Morton Stanley.” Last modified May 06, 2022. Britannica.com.

Newman, James L. Imperial Footprints: Henry Mortan Stanley’s African Adventure. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2004.

Stanley, Henry Morton. How I Found Livingstone. London: Marston & Company, 1871.

Stanley, Henry Morton. Through The Dark Continent. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1878.

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Pavlov’s House
The stronghold of the 13th Guards was located at the bombed out NKVD headquarters, a soviet government law enforcement agency. From this location, the troops resisted the initial German assault and took to improving their defensive position. On September 25th, the commander of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment ordered the men of his 3rd Rifle Battalion to capture two buildings that seemed like a good position for setting up a defense against German attacks. Junior Sergeant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov of the 13th Guards Rifle Division was tasked with seizing one of the buildings at the edge of the 9th January Square. On September 27th, followed by three soldiers from his squad, Pavlov entered the building under the cover of night and drove the defending Germans out of it. Once in their hands, the commander of the 42nd regiment designated it “Pavlov’s House”.



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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Dejan Milivojevic
Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Sources:
Antill, Peter D., and Peter Dennis. Stalingrad 1942. Osprey Pub., 2007.
Roberts, Geoffrey. Victory at Stalingrad the Battle That Changed History. Longman, 2002.
Walsh, Stephen. Stalingrad 1942-1943: The Infernal Cauldron. Simon & Schuster, 2000.

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You watch as your candlestick shrinks. You sit huddled in a corner of a muddy hole your superiors call a trench, and clasp your hands over the finger-sized fire. It only heats the front of your hands, but you still savour every second of its warmth. After a short while, you feel the biting cold return, as a thin coil of smoke rises from your candlestick. Images of your late friend return as fast as the light had extinguished. The noise that smashed your eardrums. The chunk of your friend’s head that blew off by the shrapnel. You wish it happened to you instead. You wish they were the one sitting in the trench. To your left, a glow appears that makes you turn. A silhouette of your friend sits next to you. Blood streams from the side of their head but they do not look at you. Instead, they are pointing to a wall at the end of the trench, eyes not blinking. What do you do?

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)

Script:

Luke Ursone

Narrator:

Jared Sager

Bibliography

Beaman, Ardern Arthur Hume. The Squadroon. New York: John Lane Company, 1920.

Doyle, Arthur Conan. The History Of Spiritualism: Vol 2. London: Cassell and Company Ltd, 1926.

Fussell, Paul. The Great War and Modern Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975.

Gross, Patrick. 'Spring 1917, Western Belgium, Belgique, Manfred von Richtofen and Peter Waitzrick.' ufologie, March 14, 2013.

Hemmings, Jay. “WWI and the Paranormal: Spooky Tales from the Trenches.” warhistoryonline, September 27, 2019.

Leese, Peter. Shell Shock: Traumatic Neurosis and the British Soldiers of the First World War. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

“The Lady Sopwith Mystery.” Futurism. Accessed October 6, 2022.

Magazine, Smithsonian. “The Legend of What Actually Lived in the ‘No Man's Land’ between World War I's Trenches.” Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Institution, September 8, 2014.

Pearson's Magazine, Volume 48. Minnesota: C. Arthur Pearson Limited, 1919.

Ruickbie, Leo. Spiritualism, Superstition and the Supernatural during the First World War. London: Robinson, 2018.

Siegphyl. “The Truth behind the ‘Russian Rumor’ of Mythical WWI Cossacks.” warhistoryonline, March 1, 2014.

Watson, Nigel. UFOs of the First World War: Phantom Airships, Balloons, Aircraft and Other Mysterious Aerial Phenomena. Stroud: The History Press, 2015.