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Reference: Hall, B., Levy, S., Dufault-Thompson, K. et al. BilR is a gut microbial enzyme that reduces bilirubin to urobilinogen. Nat Microbiol 9, 173–184 (2024)

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To explain how the world works, scientists occasionally have an idea that — upon further testing — turns out to be wrong. From rays that carry coldness instead of heat, to a neighboring star that causes regular mass extinctions on Earth, here are 5 things that some natural philosophers and scientists thought could be real.

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Endometriosis is a disease that affects about one in ten women, and comes from tissue inside the uterus making its way out. But it turns out that's not the only way to get it, because there are people without uteruses who have it too. Here's what science has to say about the paradoxical patients who have endometriosis, no uterus required.

Hosted by: Savannah Geary (they/them)

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Most cultures who developed metalworking technology never let the skill go to waste. But in what's now Michigan, Native Americans started making metal tools well before anyone else did, and then stopped. And the reason why this happened is hiding in the very metal that they were working: Copper. Thanks to Alexis Dahl for joining us on this episode. Check her out on YouTube here: https://www.youtube.com/alexisdahl

If you want to learn more about SciShow Rocks Box, head over to complexly.store/rocks

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Even though cleft lips and palates are really common, there's still a lot of research that needs to be done into why they form. But scientists have found a whole new line of evidence that might crack the case wide open, and it's in dog DNA. Here's the story of how the Turkish Pointer may be able to point us in the direction for understanding how and why clefts form.

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Space travel is infamously bad for your health. But it turns out that in some very specific cases, space travel may actually be beneficial. Like by strengthening your bones, or repairing your DNA.

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Mushroom foragers rejoice! Your lives just got a whole lot easier! Now, we can farm four mushrooms that used to only be found in the wild: morels, huitlacoche, chanterelles, and truffles. Here's why it took so long.

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When particle physicist John Huth was briefly lost at sea, he started to wonder how the people around the world who navigate vast oceans figured their way around. What started as an afternoon activity gone awry led him to a years-long research journey, meeting many Pacific Islanders, expert navigators, and other researchers, hoping to crack the puzzle of open ocean navigation. And the key to all of it lies in these ancient stick charts, a non-writing form of communication passed down for generations. Here's how these charts and the observations of expert navigators are teaching physics researchers all about the motion of the ocean.

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Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h Ever wonder why Sarah's computer sticker reads "PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH"? Art and Architecture Conservator Richard McCoy joins us to discuss when it's appropriate to touch art, when it's not, and why. AND! He gives us an extra credit assignment to go out and find something you can't touch but desperately want to, post it with #theartassignment and tell us why.

Follow Richard McCoy: richardmccoy.tumblr.com, @RichardMcCoy

To learn more about the conservation of contemporary art: http://www.incca.org/