This is my journey to find all of the fundamental constants of nature which took some surprising turns. Check out Brilliant who sponsored part of this video: https://brilliant.org/dos

When you learn physics, you very quickly encounter the physical constants of nature, things like the gravitational constant, the speed of light in a vacuum, planck's constant, the elementary charge things like that. These are numbers which we believe are the same everywhere in the universe, for all time. They are baked into our laws of physics and are very special, because if they were even a few percent different, then the Universe wouldn’t exist and neither would we. They are also fundamental because we can’t derive them from any underlying theory, we just have to take them as being true.

So I wanted to go on a quest to find all of the fundamental physical constants and collect them all together so you can see them all in one place, because that’s the kind of thing I do on this channel. So this video is the story of me doing that. But it took some fascinating twists and turns along the way, and the final set was definitely not what I was expecting, because it doesn’t actually include the ones we are familiar with, the ones I just mentioned: speed of light, gravitational constant, planck’s constant. Watch to find out why.

--- Links to source material ----
How many fundamental constants are there? By John Baez
https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/constants.html
Note that his final set is a little different to mine which is explained in his article. I chose my set to be the easiest to understand.
Here are the actual numbers for all these dimensionless constants from David Black
https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/constants_table.pdf

How fundamental are the fundamental constants?
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.2040.pdf

Dimensionless constants and cosmological measurements
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.0577.pdf

How do neutrinos get their mass?
https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/how-do-neutrinos-get-their-mass#:~:text=Trillions%20of%20neutrinos%20pass%20harmlessly,with%20any%20matter%20at%20all.&text=Neutrinos%20are%20a%20type%20of,interactions%20with%20the%20Higgs%20boson

Helpful wikipedia pages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Dimensionless_physic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Fine-structure_const

#physics #quantum #DomainOfScience

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-- Some Awesome People ---
And many thanks to my $10 supporters on Patreon, you are awesome!
Theodore Chu
Petr Murmak
Sebastian
Eric Epstein
Alex Polo
Kevin Delaney
Reggie Fourmyle

Join the gang and help support me produce free and high quality science content:
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--- My Science Books ----
I also write science books for kids called Professor Astro Cat. You can see them all here:
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--- Credits ---
Music, art, and everything else by Dominic Walliman

Everything you need to know about gravitational waves. In February 2016 scientists announced the first detection of gravitational waves by humans on Earth. This was a huge, world changing, discovery. The gravitational waves were caused by a pair of colliding black holes 1.3 billion light years away 1.3 billion years ago. This video summaries all the of the mind blowing facts about the gravitational waves and describes LIGO, the incredibly sensitive telescope that detected them.

#gravitationalwaves #space #DomainOfScience

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Errata and clarifications.

I endeavour to be as accurate as possible in my videos, but I am human and definitely don’t know everything, so there are sometimes mistakes. Also, because my videos are summaries of some quite complex science, I make simplifications. Some of these are intentional because I don’t have time to go into full detail, but sometimes they are unintentional and here is where I clear them up.

1. I got the month of the original detection wrong! It was September 2015, not November 2015. Silly me, my apologies.
2. “1.3 billion years ago, 1.3 billion light years away” This is incorrect and an oversight on my part. I completely forgot to take into account the expansion of the Universe. The resulting black hole is 1.3 billion light years from us today, but was closer to us when the collision happened, which means that it happened less than 1.3 billion years ago. I tried to work out exactly when but was stumped because I couldn’t find the function for the acceleration of the expansion of the universe. The redshift of the signal from the black holes was about 10%, so I thought the collision was 10% closer in time than 1.3 billion years i.e. 1.18 billion years, but I think it might be a bit more complicated than that.
3. LIGO schematic animation. I made a couple of silly errors here. The first circular mirror that the laser hits should be 90º to the way I oriented it: half the laser light is transmitted and half reflected, each one going up a different arm.
4. LIGO schematic animation. When the laser bounced back and forth it should bounce between the two suspended mirrors and not go all the way back to the diagonal mirror.
5. VIRGO is near Pisa, not at Trento as I drew on the map. I said the right thing but drew the wrong thing. My apologies.
6. ‘A second even more powerful collision.” Wrong again! The second collision was less powerful and the signal was more buried in the noise.

I’m not happy with the number of flat out mistakes I made on this one! I will try better in the future. I blame it on the Christmas spirits.

If you would like to find out more about gravitational waves and the detection here are the original papers and some very informative links.

Main LIGO scientific paper: http://journals.aps.org/prl/ab....stract/10.1103/PhysR
Supplementary LIGO paper: http://iopscience.iop.org/arti....cle/10.3847/2041-820

Articles:
http://physicsworld.com/cws/ar....ticle/news/2016/feb/
http://www.nature.com/news/the....-black-hole-collisio
http://www.businessinsider.com..../black-hole-collisio
http://www.space.com/33176-gra....vitational-waves-fro
http://www.ligo.org/science/Pu....blication-GW150914/i
http://www.nature.com/news/gra....vitational-waves-6-c
http://www.nature.com/news/the....-black-hole-collisio
What they sound like:
http://www.vox.com/2016/6/15/1....1948618/ligo-gravita

Also, if you enjoyed this video, you will probably like my science books, available in all good books shops around the work and is printed in 16 languages. Links are below or just search for Professor Astro Cat. They are fun children's books aimed at the age range 7-12. But they are also a hit with adults who want good explanations of science. The books have won awards and the app won a Webby.

Frontiers of Space: http://nobrow.net/shop/profess....or-astro-cats-fronti
Atomic Adventure: http://nobrow.net/shop/profess....or-astro-cats-atomic
Intergalactic Activity Book: http://nobrow.net/shop/profess....or-astro-cats-interg
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Space in infinitely big with infinite stuff in it, but buy using the power of categorisation I can fit it all into a 12 minute video. Grab the poster here: https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/domain-of-scie

This video explores all of the things in the Universe from our Earth and local Solar System, out to the Milky Way Galaxy and looks at all of the different kinds of stars from Brown Dwarfs to Red Supergiant Stars. Then to the things they explode into like white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes. Then we look at all the other kinds of galaxy in the universe, blazars, quasars and out to the cosmic microwave background and the big bang. It covers most of the different things that we know about in the Universe.

#space #cosmology #DomainOfScience

--- References ---
Here are a couple of references I used for further reading.
Stars info
https://owlcation.com/stem/Dif....ferent-Types-of-Star
List of space objects
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Lists_of_astronomica

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--- My Science Books ----
I also write science books for kids! You can see them all here:
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#space #universe #cosmology #science

Narration by Dominic Walliman
Art by Dominic Walliman
Animated by Dominic Walliman
Edited by Dominic Walliman
Music by Jeremy Soule nah just kidding it was also by Dominic Walliman

Every evening near Vancouver BC, a huge gathering of crows descend on a single block at Still Creek Drive, Burnaby. It is crazy!

Today is July the 3rd. And for us humans on earth, today is the day that we're the furthest away from the sun that we’ll be all year. So why is it so warm? Where I live, it's summertime and we've just gone through our first heatwave of the year, and you'd think it would be cold when you're far away from the sun and warm when you're close to the sun. On the 3rd of January. But it's the other way around. This can all be explained by the fact the earth has a tilted axis like my head. Right now, in the summer, we're tilted towards the sun, so we're getting more heat from it. Just to give you some concrete numbers. We're getting about 7% less energy from the sun by being far away now compared to January the 3rd, when we're closer, we get 7% more. But the difference in tilt means tilting towards the sun gives about 500 percent as much energy as being tilted away. For here in London. It obviously varies depending on how high up or down in latitude you are. And obviously everything's flipped for the southern hemisphere because it's their winter at the moment, so it does kind of make sense for them. But it's interesting. This combination means that in the Northern Hemisphere we have slightly longer summers and slightly shorter winters, whereas in the southern hemisphere it's the opposite way around. They have slightly shorter summers and slightly longer winters. So in conclusion, as they always say, nobody cares how far away you are from the sun. If you've got a wonky axis.

Calculus isn't just abstract mathematics, it is an incredibly useful tool. Here I show you how to use it to derive the volumes of 3D shapes. Check out my posters here https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/domain-of-scie

This was the first example that really opened my eyes to the real value of calculus. I learned it in university in my physics department mathematics class, and it was just the beginning of a long journey of me wielding calculus at all sorts of practical problems in physics, and it gave me the power to see where the equations of physics came from, rather than just having to learn an memorize them. Awesome!

-- Some Awesome People ---
And many thanks to my $10 supporters on Patreon, you are awesome!
Theodore Chu
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#calculus #mathematics #DomainOfScience

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Everything you need to know about viruses in a quick visual explanation. You can get the infographic image here https://flic.kr/p/2j2LDWs

At the beginning of this pandemic like everyone I was hearing lots about viruses, but realised I didn’t know that much about what they are. So I did a load of research and have summarised what I learned in these nine images. This video explains the key aspects of viruses: how big they are, how they infect and enter and exit cells, how viruses are classified, how they replicate, and subjects involving viral infections like how they spread from person to person, how our immune system detects and destroys them and how vaccines and anit-viral drugs work.

Human error:
In slide 9 toxin vaccines are for bacterial infections like tetanus, not viruses.

Big shoutout and thanks to these people for fact checking my work:
Dr Michael Bramhall
Dr Christoph von Arx

#virus #ThreeByThree #DomainOfScience

If you’d like to support my free educational content: https://www.patreon.com/domainofscience

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-- Some Awesome People ---
And many thanks to my $10 supporters on Patreon, you are awesome!
Theodore Chu
Sebastian
Duong Nguyen

Join the gang and help support me produce free and high quality science content:
https://www.patreon.com/domainofscience

--- My Science Books ----
I also write science books for kids! You can see them all here:
http://profastrocat.com

--- Follow me around the internet ---
http://dominicwalliman.com
https://twitter.com/DominicWalliman
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--- Further Reading ---
https://viralzone.expasy.org/5216
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21523/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-woQ6fgD4I
https://scopeblog.stanford.edu..../2020/04/02/whats-a-
https://scopeblog.stanford.edu..../2020/04/03/how-coro
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01221-y
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/....chapter/12-1-viruses
https://www.erinbromage.com/po....st/the-risks-know-th
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC70458
https://www.scientificamerican.....com/article/what-im
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic_shift
https://www.vaccines.gov/basics/types
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Antiviral_drug#Appro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remdesivir

Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:14 Virus Overview
1:21 Virus Size
1:58 Virus Classification
3:34 Cell Penetration
4:32 Virus Replication
5:58 Virus Release
6:58 Virus Infection and Range
8:15 Immune Response
9:22 Vaccines

Physics comes up in movies a lot, and as quite a difficult subject it is fun to see how physics is interpreted through the lens of cinema. Sometimes they get it very right and sometimes they get it very wrong!

A friend of mine who is really into movies picked out a bunch of clips for me to interrogate. Some movies I had seen before, and others I hadn't. See how Hollywood does with some hardcore physics!

#physics #movies #DomainOfScience

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Also, if you enjoyed this video, you will probably like my Professor Astro Cat science books, available in all good books shops world in over 24 languages!
http://profastrocat.com

Thanks so much to my supporters on Patreon. If you enjoy my videos and would like to help me make more this is the best way and I appreciate it very much. https://www.patreon.com/domainofscience

Find me on twitter, instagram, and my website:
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Visit https://brilliant.org/dos/ to get started learning STEM for free, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription.
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This is the Map of Medicine showing you all of the different areas of medical practice, the principles of medicine, diagnostic methods, the surrounding sciences that support the field of medicine and a description of the placebo effect and clinical trials.
#medicine #domainofscience

Check out Rohin @MedlifeCrisis placebo video: https://youtu.be/tefIopDJQBQ

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Special thanks

Special thanks for giving their input on the script and images:
Rohin Francis - check out his channel @medlifecrisis
Jürgen Klinner

Some Awesome People

And many thanks to my $10 supporters and above on Patreon, you are awesome!
Join the gang and help support me produce free and high quality science content:
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Alex Polo
Andrew Zey
Anja
Ben
Bob Milano
David Renshaw
Derp
Duong Nguyen
Eric Epstein
Gordon D
Guillaume Dorschner
hipotures
Jason Evans
Kevin Delaney
Lemon
Láďa Cupa
Mirik Gogri
MrsCylmsofly
Nelly
Nick (San Jose)
Prabhakar R
Raj Duphare
Reggie Fourmyle
Reto Ingenieria
Sandy Toye
Sebastian
Terrence Masson
Theodore Chu
Tut Arom
Wei-Lun Dai

My Science Books

I also write science books for kids called Professor Astro Cat. You can see them all here:
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/domain-of-scie
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Follow me around the internet

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Credits

Writer, art, animation, edited and presented by Dominic Walliman (basically I did everything)
I use Adobe Illustrator and After Effects for the graphics (for the many people who ask :)

Chapters
00:00 Introduction
00:28 The Principles of Medicine
02:33 Areas of Medical Practice
08:25 Diagnostic Methods
10:49 More Areas of Medical Practice
12:43 The Placebo Effect
16:04 More Areas of Medical Practice
22:47 Sponsorship Message
24:06 More Areas of Medical Practice
25:17 Internal Medicine
36:02 Foundations of Medicine
42:03 More Areas of Medical Practice
47:11 Clinical Trials

This is a summary of all the main companies building quantum computers today, and what their most powerful machines are. You can get the digital image here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/....95869671@N08/5184976 But we can’t simply look at qubits counts because so many other factors go into the quality of a quantum computer, so here I look at the quantum volume metric which is a much better way of comparing machines. And we look at what steps these companies need to take to achieve large scale useful general purpose quantum computers, and the timelines the companies have set out to achieve these.
#quantumcomputing #domainofscience

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-- Some Awesome People ---
And many thanks to my $10 supporters and above on Patreon, you are awesome!
Join the gang and help support me produce free and high quality science content:
https://www.patreon.com/domainofscience

Raj Duphare
Ben
Derp
Eric Epstein
Gordon D Collins
Jason Evans
Kamil Qbitskey
Mirik Gogri
noggieB
Petr Murmak
Prabhakar R
Reggie Fourmyle
Sandy Toye
Sebastian
Terrence Masson
Theodore Chu
Guillaume Dorschner
Joshua Rauß

--- Special thanks ---
Special thanks for giving their time to help me with the script to:
Michał Stęchły
Nicholas Bronn

--- My Science Books ----
I also write science books for kids called Professor Astro Cat. You can see them all here:
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/domain-of-scie
http://profastrocat.com

--- Follow me around the internet ---
http://dominicwalliman.com
https://twitter.com/DominicWalliman
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--- Credits ---
Writer, art, animation and edited by Dominic Walliman
I use Adobe Illustrator and After Effects for the graphics (for the many people who ask :)

--- References ----
[1] First quantum computer
https://journals.aps.org/prl/a....bstract/10.1103/Phys
[2] IBM Roadmap
https://research.ibm.com/blog/....quantum-development-
[3] Google Roadmap
https://blog.google/technology..../ai/unveiling-our-ne
[4] D-Wave Roadmap
https://www.dwavesys.com/media..../xvjpraig/clarity-ro
[5] Intel quantum computing
https://www.intel.com/content/....www/us/en/research/q
[6] Rigetti
https://www.rigetti.com/
https://quantumcomputingreport.....com/rigetti-announc
[7] PsiQuantum hundreds of logical qubits
https://psiquantum.com/resources
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/....2020/04/psiquantum-t
[8] ColdQuanta future prediction
https://coldquanta.com/quantum-computing
[9] CLOPS definition from IBM
https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14108
[10] UST of China’s quantum computers
https://www.scientificamerican.....com/article/china-i
[11] Alibaba and Baidu
https://www.scmp.com/abacus/te....ch/article/3034469/t
[12] Xanadu
https://spectrum.ieee.org/race....-to-hundreds-of-phot
[13] PsiQuantum a million qubits by 2025
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/....2020/04/psiquantum-t
[14] Xanadu number of qubits (40)
https://www.wsj.com/articles/x....anadu-lands-100-mill
[15] ColdQuanta number of qubits (100)
https://thequantuminsider.com/....2021/07/26/tqd-exclu
[16] Atom computing number of qubits (100)
https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2021/11/18/atom-computing-a-quantum-computing-startup-that-believes-it-can-ultimately-win-the-qubit-race/#:~:text=Phoenix%2C%20the%20name%20of%20Atom's,uses%20100%20optically%20trapped%20qubits.
[17] IonQ roadmap
https://ionq.com/posts/decembe....r-09-2020-scaling-qu
[18] Pasqal roadmap and merger with Qu&Co
https://pasqal.io/2022/01/11/q....uantum-startups-pasq
[19] QuEra roadmap
https://www.quera.com/
[20] Silcon quantum computing roadmap
https://sqc.com.au/

--- Chapters ---
00:00 Company Qubit Counts Summary
02:00 Quantum Volume and Factors Beyond Qubit Counts
05:34 The Best Quantum Computer Right Now
06:05 How To Build a General Purpose Quantum Computer
07:46 Predictions for the Rest of the Decade

Can you see neutrinos with your eyes? Strangely enough, the answer seems to be yes. Check out the sponsor of this video Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/DOS/
Neutrinos are the least well understood fundamental particle, and the fact that they don’t interact very much doesn’t help us study them. 300 trillion go through your body every second which is why some people call them ‘ghost particles’. But very occasionally they do hit us, and I wondered what would happen if one of them happened to hit us in our eye. Could we see it? So I figured it out with the same physics behind neutrino detectors, and the answer seems to be yes! Although you need a lot of eyes.

--- References ----
[1] Mean free path of neutrinos in water (1.7*10^17m)
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.g....su.edu/hbase/Particl
[2] Measured neutrino flux from Super-Kamiokande (2.41*10^6 per cm^2 per second for neutrinos in water)
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/9805021
[3] Cherenkov radiation peaks around 420nm (visible)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....topics/chemistry/che
[4] Human eyes are sensitive to 5-7 photons, down to just 1
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12172
[5] Super Kamiokande paper
https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.07538

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-- Some Awesome People ---
And many thanks to my $10 supporters and above on Patreon, you are awesome!
Join the gang and help support me produce free and high quality science content:
https://www.patreon.com/domainofscience

Bob Milano
Raj Duphare
Ben
Anca Selariu
Eric Epstein
Gordon D Collins
Kamil Qbitskey
Mirik Gogri
noggieB
Petr Murmak
Prabhakar R
Reggie Fourmyle
Sandy Toye
Sebastian
Terrence Masson
Theodore Chu
Joshua Rauß
David Renshaw

--- Special Thanks ---
Special thanks to Virginia Schutte and Kurtis Baute for their helpful advice.

--- My Science Books ----
I also write science books for kids called Professor Astro Cat. You can see them all here:
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/domain-of-scie
http://profastrocat.com

--- Follow me around the internet ---
http://dominicwalliman.com
https://twitter.com/DominicWalliman
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--- Credits ---
Writer, art, animation and edited by Dominic Walliman
I use Adobe Illustrator and After Effects for the graphics (for the many people who ask :)

Microsoft's just unveiled a qubit that uses a topological superconductor material, this is why this material is exciting for quantum computer development, it's resitance to noise.
Read more on their blog here: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/quantum/

A roundup of all the biggest stories in science in 2018. Check out this video's sponsor https://brilliant.org/dos
Loads of amazing progress was made in all areas of science in 2018 which is encouraging when the news makes us think that everything is falling apart. In this video I round up all of my favorite news stories from the year. Let me know in the comments if you think I have missed any out.

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http://profastrocat.com

Thanks so much to my supporters on Patreon. If you enjoy my videos and would like to help me make more this is the best way and I appreciate it very much. https://www.patreon.com/domainofscience


Links and credits:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_in_science
- CRISPR not as good as thought https://www.livescience.com/63....075-crispr-damage-ce
- Cancer research from August
https://www.medicalnewstoday.c....om/articles/322923.p
- Animals that don’t age https://www.rd.com/culture/ani....mals-that-live-forev
- Entirely new kind of life: https://www.quantamagazine.org..../what-a-newfound-kin
- Kinda room temperature superconductor https://www.sciencenews.org/ar....ticle/new-hydrogen-r
- Best science stories by Vox https://www.vox.com/science-an....d-health/2018/12/18/
- 2018 in spaceflight https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_in_spaceflight
- FRB 121102 https://www.seti.org/frb-12110....2-radio-calling-card
- sources of greenhouse gas emissions https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissio....ns/sources-greenhous
- Science 2018 breakthroughs https://youtu.be/r_K2SmZNc3E


Visuals credits and links.

Video clips

Robots:
Trump signing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRvM1wjpC48
Boston Dynamics https://www.youtube.com/user/BostonDynamics
Soft Body robots https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuAY5Y_INYQ
Uber self driving cars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27OuOCeZmwI

CRISPR:
Gladstone Institute https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wh333iLv_uU

Launching stuff into space:
NASA TESS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4KjvPIbgMI
NASA Kepler https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_V7J05fK5e0
NASA InSight Launch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4_JNAFClFk
NASA InSight https://youtu.be/csV0BCWZ0oA
NASA Mars Helicopter Scout https://youtu.be/oOMQOqKRWjU
NASA Spacecraft Dawn https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hth3nKGKTFc
NASA Parker Solar Probe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_z19KPvV1w
ESA BepiColombo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZD1cNvOPzAw
NASA OSIRIS-REx https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYGHbl_esgw
China's CNSA Chang'e-4 Lunar Mission https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGp7WySaVW4
SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbSwFU6tY1c

Finding Stuff in Space
Europa Water Plumes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QJS9LcB66g
Material falling into black hole https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hu6hIhW00Fk
European Southern Observatory Super Earth https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1837/
European Southern Observatory Oumuamua https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1820a/

Physics
Harvard meta material lens https://www.bbc.com/news/scien....ce-environment-36438
IceCube neutrino blazar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfVM6To7XfE
Earth's Magnetic Field https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/....a010000/a010900/a010

Biology
Fruit Fly connectome https://phys.org/news/2018-07-....brain-imaged-nanosca

Medicine
3D printed corneas https://www.ncl.ac.uk/press/ar....ticles/latest/2018/0
Pigs https://www.videvo.net/video/pig-digging/4748/
Pigs https://www.videvo.net/video/piglets-feeding/3044/
Pills https://www.videvo.net/video/p....rescription-drugs-to

Climate Change
Ozone recovery https://www.nasa.gov/feature/g....oddard/2018/nasa-stu
World Meteorological Organization https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdEFR4qFjEA
Clouds https://www.videvo.net/video/b....lue-sky-and-clouds-t
Glacier https://www.videvo.net/video/i....celandic-glacier-lak

Explosion sound effect https://freesound.org/s/156031/
Vinyl scratch https://freesound.org/people/m....usicvision31/sounds/

References to all the images used in the video can be found here:
http://dominicwalliman.com/pos....t/181579076135/links

Music

Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
"Backbay Lounge"
"Dvorak Polka"
"Lively Lumpsucker"
"Hyperfun"
"Royal Banana"
"Nouvelle Noel"
"Deuces"
"Hard Boiled"
"Ever Mindful"
"Concentration"

A short video explaining what quantum computers are, how they work, and what you'd need to build one.

You need yeast to make beer. Scientists discovered that wasps have yeast in their bellies, so why no make beer out of it! Brassneck brewery did just that so I went along to try some of their beer and find out why.

I was not sponsored by Brassneck or anyone to do this video, I made it because I find it very interesting!

Links to papers and more info:
Brewer's yeast in the gut of wasps and their survival through insect diapause:
http://www.pnas.org/content/109/33/13398.full

Yeasts hybridizing in the gut of wasps:
http://www.pnas.org/content/113/8/2247.abstract

Genetic basis for the production of insect attractants by yeasts:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/s....cience/article/pii/S

Domestication of brewer's yeast (not discussed in our video):
http://www.cell.com/current-bi....ology/fulltext/S0960

http://www.cell.com/cell/fullt....ext/S0092-8674(16)31

SFU's craft beer and brewing essentials program website:
www.sfu.ca/beer

Image credits:
Yeast image
By Masur - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=10

Historical brewery
By Jost Amman - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I....mage:The_Brewer_desi Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=86

Hellenistic Mosaics
By Georgeg - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....File:Dyonisos_Paphos Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=31

Persian Wine
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=90

Egyptian winemaking
By Ägyptischer Maler um 1500 v. Chr. - The Yorck Project: 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei. DVD-ROM, 2002. ISBN 3936122202. Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=14

Opening wasps, yeast plate, yeast under microscope
Sebastian Ibarra

-------------------------------------------------------
Professor Astro Cat Links:
http://nobrow.net/shop/profess....or-astro-cats-fronti
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http://www.minilabstudios.com/....apps/professor-astro

Find me on twitter, instagram, and my website:
http://dominicwalliman.com
https://twitter.com/DominicWalliman
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In this video I give you 5 things you can do to reduce plastic waste. The #teamseas movement is great, but there is so much more we can do to reduce the estimated 10 million tonnes of plastic and trash dumped into our rivers and oceans every day.

--- Links to Conservation Organisations ----
The Ocean Conservancy https://oceanconservancy.org/
River Cleanup https://www.river-cleanup.org/en
Oceana https://oceana.org/
WWF https://www.worldwildlife.org/

--- References ----
[1] How much plastic released into the ocean each day, and how much gets recycled
https://plasticoceans.org/the-facts/
[2] Global fossil fuel subsidies https://www.brookings.edu/rese....arch/reforming-globa
[3] Average plastic use per capita per year
https://www.weforum.org/agenda..../2018/03/8-steps-to-
[4] Average UK and US plastic use per capita per year
https://www.forbes.com/sites/d....avidrvetter/2020/11/
[5] 93% of bottled water contains microplastics
https://time.com/5581326/plast....ic-particles-in-bott
[6] Exposure to microplastics is bad for women’s and men’s health
https://www.breastcancer.org/risk/factors/plastic
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC79677
[7] Plastic Recycling is and Actual Scam
https://youtu.be/PJnJ8mK3Q3g
[8] How many times can plastic be recycled
https://www.plasticexpert.co.u....k/how-many-times-can
[9] 90% of plastic from 10 rivers
https://www.weforum.org/agenda..../2018/06/90-of-plast
[10] The Ocean Cleanup’s poor track record
https://gizmodo.com/the-dream-....of-scooping-plastic-
https://www.theverge.com/2019/....1/9/18175940/ocean-c
https://www.breakfreefromplast....ic.org/2021/06/04/co
[11] A lot of ocean plastic end up getting washed up on the shorelines
https://sci-hubtw.hkvisa.net/1....0.1016/j.scitotenv.2
[12] Reduce flow of ocean plastic by 80% by 2040
https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/r....esearch-and-analysis

--- Get My Posters Here ----
DFTBA Store: https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/domain-of-scie
RedBubble Store: https://www.redbubble.com/people/DominicWalliman

I have also made posters available for personal or educational use which you can find here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/95869671@N08/

-- Some Awesome People ---
And many thanks to my $10 supporters and above on Patreon, you are awesome!
Join the gang and help support me produce free and high quality science content:
https://www.patreon.com/domainofscience

Bob Milano
Raj Duphare
Ben
Anca Selariu
Doug-Duggio Peterson
Eric Epstein
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Kamil Qbitskey
Mirik Gogri
noggieB
Petr Murmak
Prabhakar R
Reggie Fourmyle
Sandy Toye
Sebastian
Terrence Masson
Theodore Chu
Joshua Rauß
David Renshaw

--- Special Thanks ---
Special thanks to Virginia Schutte and Kurtis Baute for their helpful advice.

--- My Science Books ----
I also write science books for kids called Professor Astro Cat. You can see them all here:
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/domain-of-scie
http://profastrocat.com

--- Follow me around the internet ---
http://dominicwalliman.com
https://twitter.com/DominicWalliman
https://www.instagram.com/dominicwalliman

--- Credits ---
Writer, art, animation and edited by Dominic Walliman
I use Adobe Illustrator and After Effects for the graphics (for the many people who ask :)

--- Chapters ---
00:00 Setting the Scene
01:55 1: Regulation
02:48 2: Reduce Plastic Use
04:15 3: Recycling is Not The Answer
05:02 4: Educate Ourselves
05:56 5: Cleanup
06:24 Team Seas Funds and Other Conservation Groups