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If everyone would just put more in the recycling bin instead of the trash can, the world would be a better place. Right? Well, that’s not exactly true. For many items that end up in the recycling bin, you’ve actually created more trash by trying to recycle them. You’ve also made it harder to recycle the stuff that CAN be saved, and basically demonstrated that recycling is broken… at least the way we do it today. Here’s how we can fix it.

What can you recycle? Some helpful links:
https://www.recyclenow.com/
https://www.wm.com/us/en/insid....e-wm/recycle-right/r

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....recycling-is-broken/

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
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All of modern society relies upon a seemingly simple but surprisingly complex unit of measurement: the second. But knowing exactly what a “second” is is more complicated than you might think!

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Thank you to the following for helpful discussions and research for this episode:
Geoff Chester - U.S. Naval Observatory
Judah Levine - National Institute of Standards and Technology
Jeffrey Sherman - National Institute of Standards and Technology
Elizabeth Donley - National Institute of Standards and Technology

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Honeycomb. Strawberries. Flower pods. Some people find these things incredibly scary. We call this extreme fear trypophobia. But why does it exist?

REFERENCES: http://bit.ly/2NvhWki

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Berly McCoy, Ph.D.
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editors/animators: Sara Roma
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Why are our bodies so symmetrical, but our guts aren't?

This is part 3 of 3 in my series about how our bodies evolved to look like they do. Check out the others:

Part 1 - Why your brain is in your head https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdNE4WygyAk
Part 2 - Consider the upside-down lobster https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYbJqYVtRyA

More info:

Left-Right asymmetry in embryonic development: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15582774

Development of the asymmetric human: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=331635&fileId=S1062798705000682

Role of cilia and fluid flow: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24091059

Situs inversus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_inversus
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06..../04/science/growing-

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Post Producer - Stephanie Noone
Editing/Motion Graphics - Arts+Labor, Austin, TX
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

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Where did life come from? It’s one of the biggest questions humans have ever asked — and the answer might be locked in ancient space rocks that were around before life began. To find out, NASA pulled off one of its most ambitious missions ever, landing on an asteroid and sending a rock sample back to Earth. Today, we’re going to take a look at what it brought back.

Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

References:
https://www.asminternational.o....rg/early-analysis-of
https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11794
https://www.lpl.arizona.edu/ne....ws/spotlight/first-l
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03178-0
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03978-4
https://science.nasa.gov/wp-co....ntent/uploads/2023/0

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Blame it on the slime molds. And the Mongols.
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There is no phase of a human’s lifetime that is as strange and disgus....er....magical as the transition from childhood into adulthood - that handful of years that we call . . . PUBERTY. Why does it happen? How does it work? Why is it so weird? Join Joe in this whirlwind tour of the endocrine system to find the answers.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....why-is-puberty-so-we

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Check out "Out of Our Elements" on PBS Terra! https://youtu.be/tp-FsXHVFoU
“In Our Nature” is a NEW special limited series on It’s Okay To Be Smart!
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Seemingly distant ecosystems, even half a world apart, are connected in surprising ways. In this special limited series, Emily Graslie and Trace Dominguez join me as we explore the universal rules of life that tie together Earth’s living systems. In episode 4, we look at some surprising ways that species use teamwork in order to survive. Why is one African tree full of ants? Why are there birds nesting in girafe armpits? What surprising guard animal keeps an endangered butterfly larva from becoming wasp food? Welcome to the world of mutualisms and animal partnerships.

In Our Nature is a special miniseries produced by It’s Okay To Be Smart for PBS. Stay tuned for more episodes coming this summer, here on our YouTube channel!

Original Production Funding provided by: Anne Ray Foundation, a Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropy

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How the night sky tricks our brains!
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Here’s how you all described the color of the moon:
https://www.facebook.com/itsok....aytobesmart/photos/a
http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/128880963932/

More about the white squares illusion: http://www.psy.ritsumei.ac.jp/....~akitaoka/illgelbe.h

Checker shadow illusion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Checker_shadow_illus

Special thanks to Dr. Alan Gilchrist!
Read his paper “Perceptual Organization in Lightness” http://www.gestaltrevision.be/....pdfs/oxford/Gilchris

Josef Albers “The Interaction of Color” https://www.brainpickings.org/....2013/08/16/interacti

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc.
Kate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: “Ouroboros” by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate
Head to Physics Girl for electromagnetic explosions! https://youtu.be/AXOa66-k9MA

Musical tesla coils are awesome. I went to visit Arc Attack, the legendary musical tesla coil band, to find out how they work (and to stand in between them!) I brought my friend Physics Girl along too

Step inside the Tesla coils in this 360 video: https://youtu.be/2SNcbNlbyVo

Special thanks to:
ArcAttack
http://arcattack.com/

-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @DrJoeHanson
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Music via APM
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Stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted) http://www.videoblocks.com

Learn the basic science of climate change in 24 easy steps.

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

Scientists overwhelmingly agree that our climate is changing, Earth is getting warmer, sea levels are rising, and it's primarily because of humans putting lots of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Whether you already trust in the science, you're undecided, or you disagree with what all this, this video is for you!

SOURCES LISTED HERE: http://bit.ly/1zGbOry

Want to learn about the science of climate change and why humans are causing it, but in layman's terms? I recommend these books:

Climate Change: Evidence and Causes (National Academy of Sciences/Royal Society) FREE ebook: http://amzn.to/1w6itfl
Global Weirdness (Climate Central) http://amzn.to/1BtZZbP
How to Change Minds About Our Changing Climate (Seth Darling + Douglas Sisterson) http://amzn.to/12jjcxN

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

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References/Learn More:

How turkeys got so big: https://www.wired.com/2008/11/turkeytech/

Benjamin Franklin’s 1784 letter to Sarah Bache about turkeys: http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/framedVolumes.jsp?vol=41&page=281

Ames, Mercedes, and David M. Spooner. "DNA from herbarium specimens settles a controversy about origins of the European potato." American Journal of Botany 95.2 (2008): 252-257.

Doebley, John. "The genetics of maize evolution." Annu. Rev. Genet. 38 (2004): 37-59.

Grun, Paul. "The evolution of cultivated potatoes." Economic Botany 44.3 (1990): 39-55.

McWilliams, James. The Pecan: A history of America's native nut. University of Texas Press, 2013.

Nee, Michael. "The domestication of cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae)." Economic Botany 44.3 (1990): 56-68.

Polashock, James, et al. "The American cranberry: first insights into the whole genome of a species adapted to bog habitat." BMC plant biology 14.1 (2014): 1

Speller, Camilla F., et al. "Ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals complexity of indigenous North American turkey domestication." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107.7 (2010): 2807-2812.

----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Twitter: @okaytobesmart @DrJoeHanson
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from SciencePhoto http://www.sciencephoto.com/ and Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Get the FACTS about climate change: http://youtu.be/ffjIyms1BX4
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Scientists overwhelmingly agree that our climate is changing, Earth is getting warmer, sea levels are rising, and it's primarily because of humans putting lots of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Yet 4 in 10 Americans aren't convinced. Here's what psychologists and sociologists have to say about why some people don't believe in climate science.

Last week's video: Climate Science - What You Need to Know https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffjIyms1BX4

RECOMMENDED READING/SOURCES:

"Don't Even Think About It" by George Marshall: http://amzn.to/1DCX6HU
Also check out George Marshall's website: http://www.climateconviction.org/

"The Republican Brain" by Chris Mooney: http://bit.ly/1GJew1C
"Unscientific America" by Chris Mooney and Sheril Kirshenbaum: http://amzn.to/1BQsocf
"Fool Me Twice" by Shawn Lawrence Otto: http://bit.ly/12Y2Gnc

Want to learn about the science of climate change and why humans are causing it, but in layman's terms? I recommend these books:

Climate Change: Evidence and Causes (National Academy of Sciences/Royal Society) FREE ebook: http://amzn.to/1w6itfl
Global Weirdness (Climate Central) http://amzn.to/1BtZZbP
How to Change Minds About Our Changing Climate (Seth Darling + Douglas Sisterson) http://amzn.to/12jjcxN

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc
Kate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

-----------
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Who knew there was so much science in a bowl of cereal?
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Ever notice how cereal clumps up in your bowl, or how cereal sticks to the edges of the bowl? Bubbles in beverages do the same thing.You've probably seen this surface tension and buoyancy at work, but did you know there's some mind-blowing science behind it? What we learn in our cereal bowl even connects to the lives of tiny insects that walk on water.

SOURCES/EXTRAS:

Vella, Dominic, and L. Mahadevan. "The “cheerios effect”." American journal of physics 73.9 (2005): 817-825.

Gao, Xuefeng, and Lei Jiang. "Biophysics: water-repellent legs of water striders." Nature 432.7013 (2004): 36-36.

Bush, John WM, and David L. Hu. "Walking on water: biolocomotion at the interface." Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 38 (2006): 339-369.

John Bush: Interfacial Locomotion http://math.mit.edu/~bush/?p=998

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Sarah Keartes
Editor/animator: Andrew Orsak
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

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↓ More info and sources below ↓

How far would ocean viruses stretch? http://www.virology.ws/2009/10..../19/ten-cool-facts-a

Follow Aaron Pomerantz!
Twitter @AaronPomerantz
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCHr0u7Jsktou2CFl2
http://www.thenextgenscientist.com/

Videos referenced in this episode:

Is Big Data Getting Too Big? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTMkc0bLRlI
Musical Tesla Coils in Slow Motion! Featuring Physics Girl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGhNgeg9IAw
Is Ultron Inevitable? Ft. Vsauce3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Irmtk5QG8s
Could Planet Minecraft Actually Exist? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5N7d8mcQk4
Why Are You Multicellular? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdVc2J_OwDc
The Most Important Moment in the History of Life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jf06MlX8yik
Traveling Light (from Vsauce3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOoFkwj91pk
Do Plants Think? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm6zfHzvqX4
Why Do We Have To Sleep? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mufsteNrTI
Hurricanes: Engines of Destruction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xtu2_ziBI_w

I don’t know why anyone would want to read this, but here’s my dissertation:
http://bit.ly/2cU8DuN

----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D
Follow me on Twitter/Instagram: @DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc
Kate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks

-----------------

Last week's video:
The Recipe For Life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuBWjY9BpEc

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Crashing a car is usually not a good idea. But sometimes, it can save lives.
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

No one ever wants to get in a car crash. But if you ever do, be very thankful for the engineers who crash test cars. You may have seen crash test simulations on TikTok using physics engines like BeamNG but I promise you they are nothing compared to the real thing! Join us for this DEEP dive into the physics of car crashes and the ways that engineers hack Newton's laws to keep you safe.

Filmed on location at the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety https://www.iihs.org/
IIHS on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@iihs-hldi
IIHS resources for teachers: https://classroom.iihs.org/

Crash test sensor car by PocketLab: https://www.thepocketlab.com/

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....be-smart-crash-test-

Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

0:00 Intro - Deep dive into crash testing
1:37 Welcome to crash test HQ
2:25 She crashes cars for a living
3:42 A visit with Isaac Newton
5:41 Why Newton's 2nd law rules all
11:21 New problems, new crash tests
14:37 Very finely-tuned violence
17:58 How engineers prepare a crash test (lots of duct tape)
20:42 Who you callin' dummy, dummy?
25:02 Car go BOOM (and the aftermath)
31:00 In the future, will cars be smart enough not to crash?
36:24 Conclusion and extras

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Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories.

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Why are trees and other plants green? Seems like a simple question. But the answer is full of surprises. Using a special camera that can pick up light just beyond the visible range, into the near-infrared, you’ll get to see trees like you’ve never seen them before. And these other-worldly images can teach us not only why trees are green on Earth, but what color photosynthetic life on other planets might be.
#TeamTrees

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....treesonotherplanets-

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Embarrassment. Awkwardness. Cringe. No matter what you call it. it’s one of the most unique human emotions, and one that’s particularly hard to figure out. But if a feeling exists and has lasted through evolution, then it probably has a purpose!

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....references-thescienc

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Can trees really save us from climate change? For eons, nature has relied on photosynthesis as a big way to keep carbon dioxide levels from getting out of control. But as we have put more carbon into the air, we’ve also cut down many of the forests we need to suck that carbon up. So big tree-planting initiatives like #TeamTrees to the rescue, right? Actually, we need to think bigger. Here’s three ways trees really can help us solve climate change, from a guy who wants to plant a TRILLION trees, to how we might save the forests we’ve got, to scientists hacking biology to make trees even better.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....3waystreescansavethe

Aspect Science: Team Trees Explained https://youtu.be/SLHCA-hHx4Y

Special thanks to Felix Finkbeiner
https://www.plant-for-the-planet.org/en/home

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