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You’ve seen it in the comment section before: “Climate change is natural. It’s happened before and it will keep happening”. In reality, comments like these are the newest kind of climate change denial. In this video we’re going to learn about all the reasons that Earth’s climate changes, natural and otherwise, and then how we know that modern climate change can’t be blamed on natural forces. Maybe we can finally put this biggest myth about climate change in the trash.
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You’re alive right now… at least I’m pretty sure you are. But you’re not TOTALLY alive. Bits of you are always breaking down, being thrown out, and being replaced. Even right now, parts of you are dying. Some of your cells even died before you were born. And some will never come back. These are all very strange, mildly uncomfortable things to think about. And what’s even stranger than that is a big fraction of your body is, was, and will never be alive. So how much of you is dead?
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....how-much-of-you-is-a
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Are humans really Earth’s most dominant species? Let’s put all of the planet’s living things on a scale and see what has amassed the most mass. This week we break down the concept of “biomass” to judge Earth’s living things from top to bottom, and see how humans have changed the world.
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References:
Bar-On, Y. M., Phillips, R., & Milo, R. (2018). The biomass distribution on Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201711842.
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Why does music give us all the feels?
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Why does music make us feel happy or sad? Or angry or romantic? How can simple sound waves cause so much emotion? I went from my comfy chair to the streets of Austin to investigate how it might be written into our neuroscience and evolution. Modern neuroscience says our brains may be wired to pick certain emotions out of music because they remind us of how people move!
Humans are the only species we know that creates and communicate using music, but it's still unclear how or why we do that, brain-wise. Is it just a lucky side effect of evolution, like Steven Pinker says? Or is it a deeper part of our evolutionary history, as people like Mark Changizi and Daniel Levitin argue?
New evolutionary science says that we may read emotion in music because it relates to how we sense emotion in people's movements. We'll take a trip from Austin to Dartmouth to Cambodia to hear why music makes us feel so many feels. The connections between movement and music go far beyond dance moves!
Mike over at Idea Channel has a different opinion, head on over and check it out: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWWYE4eLEfk
References for this episode: http://dft.ba/-5ECR
Special thanks to Dartmouth's Thalia Wheatley and Beau Sievers, who did the research. You can read more about it here:
http://wheatlab.virb.com/dynamics
http://phenomena.nationalgeogr....aphic.com/2012/12/18
Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
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Camouflage is nature’s ultimate game of hide-and-seek, and the secret to winning this game is all in the brain. By studying the masters of disguise, we can see how they trick the brain to make themselves invisible — and what this can teach us about how other animals see and perceive the world
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A solution to the cancer paradox? Cetacean needed!
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Why do whales, elephants, and other large animals not get cancer? Logically, the larger an animal is, and the longer it lives, the more likely it should be to get cancer. But these giants don’t. Why is that? And can the answer help humanity?
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....besmart-petos-parado
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The fastest animal in nature isn't what you think it is. It's way, way smaller than that. Nature's tiniest creatures warp the laws of physics, and they do it in ways that even human engineers would gawk at. Using the power of super slow-motion macro video, let's uncover the biological engineering that lets nature's fastest creatures do their zoomy thing.
@AntLab ►► https://www.youtube.com/user/adrianalansmith
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References: https://sites.google.com/view/....fastest-animals-refe
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What is this? A forest for ANTS?! Deep Look: https://youtu.be/fguo3HvWjb0
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Special thanks to Dr. Corrie Moreau from The Field Museum for helpful discussions while we were making this episode!
References/Learn More:
Edwards, David P., et al. "A plant needs ants like a dog needs fleas: Myrmelachista schumanni ants gall many tree species to create housing." The American Naturalist 174.5 (2009): 734-740.
Frederickson, Megan E. "Conflict over Reproduction in an Ant‐Plant Symbiosis: Why Allomerus octoarticulatus Ants Sterilize Cordia nodosa Trees." The American Naturalist 173.5 (2009): 675-681.
Frederickson, Megan E., and Deborah M. Gordon. "The intertwined population biology of two Amazonian myrmecophytes and their symbiotic ants." Ecology 90.6 (2009): 1595-1607.
Haddad Junior, Vidal, Luiz Roberto Hernandes Bicudo, and Adílson Fransozo. "The Triplaria tree (Triplaris spp) and Pseudomyrmex ants: a symbiotic relationship with risks of attack for humans." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 42.6 (2009): 727-729
Heil, Martin, et al. "Partner manipulation stabilises a horizontally transmitted mutualism." Ecology letters 17.2 (2014): 185-192.
Hölldobler, Bert, and Edward O. Wilson. The ants. Harvard University Press, 1990.
Sanchez, Adriana, and Edwin Bellota. "Protection against herbivory in the mutualism between Pseudomyrmex dendroicus (Formicidae) and Triplaris americana (Polygonaceae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46 (2015): 71.
Solano, Pascal-Jean, Monique Belin-Depoux, and Alain Dejean. "Formation and structure of food bodies in Cordia nodosa (Boraginaceae)." Comptes rendus biologies 328.7 (2005): 642-647.
Yu, Douglas W., and Naomi E. Pierce. "A castration parasite of an ant–plant mutualism." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 265.1394 (1998): 375-382.
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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I took a trip to one of Austin's famous moontowers so I could put the enormity of our solar system into perspective. With the help of a grapefruit, and a lot of walking, you'll get an idea of just how tiny everything is out there!!
Do it yourself! Calculate sizes and distances, and then make your own solar system model using this calculator: http://dft.ba/-solarsystem
Veritasium "How Far Away Is The Moon?" http://youtu.be/Bz9D6xba9Og
Solar system as a football field: http://dft.ba/-6qnn
How far away is Voyager right now? http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/
Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
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No use cleaning... the universe is full of dust. And some of its biggest action is a result of its smallest stuff.
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The Secret Life of Dust by Hannah Holmes: http://amzn.to/1hCuwtT
More dusty science:
Space dust and dirty cars: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/65443038570/s
The Science of Snow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUot7XSX8uA
The Bodele Depression fertilizes half the Amazon: http://bit.ly/1qAqK6w
From Africa to the Amazon: http://bit.ly/1p4ivm3
More about the Zodiacal Light: http://bit.ly/P15PLW
NASA atmospheric dust and aerosol visualization: http://1.usa.gov/1nn8WKm
Cosmic dust and the birth of our solar system: http://bit.ly/1iPBitH
WHO report on air pollution: http://bit.ly/1jFwTeU
Micrometeorites: http://bit.ly/1eBN9yQ
Thanks to Dr. Don Brownlee for helpful discussion on this episode!
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
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Eating turkey this holiday season? Chowing down on a roast chicken? You’re eating a dinosaur! Entertain your family and friends with a little science lesson this year, and show them why bird bones tell us that birds are actually living dinosaurs.
Comparative anatomy of dinosaurs and chicken - HHMI https://www.hhmi.org/biointera....ctive/comparative-an
Special thanks to:
Anna Rothschild
Mary Beth Albright and The Washington Post Food Lab
Shaena Montanari, Ph.D.
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Head over to Animal IQ on Terra: https://youtu.be/Nc3mUNkJZZk
Celebrate Earth Day with other PBS Channels! https://bit.ly/32nmIsp
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Ocean currents are our planet’s circulatory system, and they keep everything from ecosystems to the climate healthy. But we’re changing Earth in ways that threaten to disrupt and even break critical ocean currents like the planet-wide Great Ocean Conveyor. This could have devastating effects on our future. In this video, we explain how ocean currents work, how climate change is threatening to disrupt them, and what we can do to stop that from happening.
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....ocean-conveyor-belt/
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Why does everyone use a 7 day week, and where did it come from? Where do the names of the days come from? And who can we blame for Mondays? Here’s the true story of one of the oldest human customs still in use today. It gets a little weird.
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....references-why-are-t
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We’ve all gotten dizzy before… but have you ever gotten WEIRD DIZZY? I teamed up with Vanessa Hill from BrainCrat to answer the question “why do we get dizzy?” and in the process we learned about some very strange and hilarious ways to get extra-special dizzy! Get ready to learn about your vestibular system, the system that lets you know where your body is in space. You don’t even notice your vestibular system is there… until it stops working right! #dizzy #neuroscience #vestibular
SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
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REFERENCES:
Blakley, B. W., & Siegel, M. (1995). Feeling dizzy: Understanding and treating dizziness, vertigo, and other balance disorders. New York: Macmillan.
Brandt, T. (2003). Vertigo: Its multisensory syndromes (2nd ed.). London: Springer.
Ekdale, E. G. (2016). Form and function of the mammalian inner ear. Journal of Anatomy, 228(2), 324-337.
Hayes, S. H., Dinga, D. Slavia, R. J., & Allman, B. (2013). Chapter 1 - Anatomy and physiology of the external, middle and inner ear. In Handbook of Clinical Neurophysiology (pp. 3-23).
Plishka, C. M. (2015). A clinician’s guide to balance and dizziness: Evaluation and treatment. Thorofare, New Jersey: SLACK Incorporated.
Steward O. (2000) The Vestibular System. In Functional Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY.
Welgampola, M. S., Bradshaw, A., & Halmagyi, G. M. (2011). Practical neurology part 4: Dizziness on head movement. Medical Journal of Australia, 195 (9): 518-522. doi: 10.5694/mja11.11001
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Tweet this video ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzika1 Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzikaFB
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Follow the latest news on Zika:
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/
Special thanks to the following for personal interviews about Zika outbreak:
Dr. Peter Hotez - Baylor College of Medicine
Dr. Scott Weaver - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Nikos Vasilakis - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Dahotra Sarkar - University of Texas at Austin
Dr. Alex Wild - University of Texas at Austin
Mustapha Debboun - Harris County Mosquito Control
References/further reading:
Malaria and Rome: A History of Malaria in Ancient Italy - Robert Sallares
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50747841
Sallares, Robert, and Susan Gomzi. "Biomolecular archaeology of malaria."Ancient Biomolecules 3.3 (2001): 195-213.
Sallares, Robert, Abigail Bouwman, and Cecilia Anderung. "The spread of malaria to southern Europe in antiquity: new approaches to old problems."Medical history 48.03 (2004): 311-328.
Hotez, Peter J. "Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Anthropocene: The Cases of Zika, Ebola, and Other Infections." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10.4 (2016): e0004648.
Hotez, Peter J. "Blue marble health redux: Neglected tropical diseases and human development in the Group of 20 (G20) nations and Nigeria." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9.7 (2015): e0003672.
Thumbnail image credits:
Aedes aegypti mosquito: CDC/ Prof. Frank Hadley Collins, Dir., Cntr. for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Univ. of Notre Dame
Zika virus capsid: Manuel Almagro Rivas, Wikimedia Commons
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
Music via APM
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You have questions, I have answers!
Richard Feynman - Fun To Imagine (playlist): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3pYRn5j7oI&list=PL2D30B1DEFFDA0310
Mapping a zombie apocalypse to model disease outbreaks: https://medium.com/the-physics....-arxiv-blog/61661d6a
People can't tell the difference between smell of Parmesan and vomit: http://www.rachelherz.com/uplo....ads/Odor_Illusions.p
Check out Ask Joe #1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkSpmTvCRJA
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
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Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
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Produced for PBS Digital Studios
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The eyes are often the first thing we see when we look at someone. And when you look at them up close, everyone’s eye color is a kaleidoscope of shapes and hues. How does eye color work? The answer involves some very cool physics, and probably isn’t what you were taught in school. And you’ve probably wondered how is eye color inherited, or why some people have blue eyes even if their parents’ eyes are brown? Get ready for a long look deep into the genetics and physics of eye color. #eyes #eyecolor #blueeyes
REFERENCES:
Genetics of human iris colour and patterns - Richard A. Sturm, Mats Larsson
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/full/10.1111/j
Iris Color Classification Scales
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC57292
GWAS Findings for Human Iris Patterns: Associations with Variants in Genes that Influence Normal Neuronal Pattern Development
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC31551
Characterization of melanin in human iridal and choroidal melanocytes from eyes with various colored irides.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18353148
Can blue eyed parents produce brown eyed children? - Richard A. Sturm
https://bioenv.gu.se/digitalAs....sets/1571/1571499_ey
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Tweet this video ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzika1 Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzikaFB
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Follow the latest news on Zika:
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/
Special thanks to the following for personal interviews about Zika outbreak:
Dr. Peter Hotez - Baylor College of Medicine
Dr. Scott Weaver - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Nikos Vasilakis - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Dahotra Sarkar - University of Texas at Austin
Dr. Alex Wild - University of Texas at Austin
Mustapha Debboun - Harris County Mosquito Control
References/further reading:
Malaria and Rome: A History of Malaria in Ancient Italy - Robert Sallares
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50747841
Sallares, Robert, and Susan Gomzi. "Biomolecular archaeology of malaria."Ancient Biomolecules 3.3 (2001): 195-213.
Sallares, Robert, Abigail Bouwman, and Cecilia Anderung. "The spread of malaria to southern Europe in antiquity: new approaches to old problems."Medical history 48.03 (2004): 311-328.
Hotez, Peter J. "Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Anthropocene: The Cases of Zika, Ebola, and Other Infections." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10.4 (2016): e0004648.
Hotez, Peter J. "Blue marble health redux: Neglected tropical diseases and human development in the Group of 20 (G20) nations and Nigeria." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9.7 (2015): e0003672.
Thumbnail image credits:
Aedes aegypti mosquito: CDC/ Prof. Frank Hadley Collins, Dir., Cntr. for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Univ. of Notre Dame
Zika virus capsid: Manuel Almagro Rivas, Wikimedia Commons
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓
You have questions, I have answers!
Richard Feynman - Fun To Imagine (playlist): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3pYRn5j7oI&list=PL2D30B1DEFFDA0310
Mapping a zombie apocalypse to model disease outbreaks: https://medium.com/the-physics....-arxiv-blog/61661d6a
People can't tell the difference between smell of Parmesan and vomit: http://www.rachelherz.com/uplo....ads/Odor_Illusions.p
Check out Ask Joe #1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkSpmTvCRJA
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editor and motion graphics
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
-----------
Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart
Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Check out Say It Loud from PBSDS ►► https://www.youtube.com/SayItLoudPBS
SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
The eyes are often the first thing we see when we look at someone. And when you look at them up close, everyone’s eye color is a kaleidoscope of shapes and hues. How does eye color work? The answer involves some very cool physics, and probably isn’t what you were taught in school. And you’ve probably wondered how is eye color inherited, or why some people have blue eyes even if their parents’ eyes are brown? Get ready for a long look deep into the genetics and physics of eye color. #eyes #eyecolor #blueeyes
REFERENCES:
Genetics of human iris colour and patterns - Richard A. Sturm, Mats Larsson
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/full/10.1111/j
Iris Color Classification Scales
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC57292
GWAS Findings for Human Iris Patterns: Associations with Variants in Genes that Influence Normal Neuronal Pattern Development
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC31551
Characterization of melanin in human iridal and choroidal melanocytes from eyes with various colored irides.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18353148
Can blue eyed parents produce brown eyed children? - Richard A. Sturm
https://bioenv.gu.se/digitalAs....sets/1571/1571499_ey
-----------
FOLLOW US for more curiosity:
Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart
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http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart
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Books from our episodes:
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