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Now you "sea" them, now you don't! Cuttlefish are more than the chameleons of the sea, these cephalopods take camouflage to a whole new level.

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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D
Follow me on Twitter: @DrJoeHanson
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
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For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc
Kate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

Big thank you to Rachel for lending her voice and photos to this episode!

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

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"The Oldest Living Things In The World" by Rachel Sussman:
Amazon: http://amzn.to/1uZ6wJp
Public Library: http://bit.ly/1s2gCnb

Species featured in this video:

Bristlecone pine: http://bit.ly/1o3zW4p
Baobab: http://bit.ly/1qJo6ul
Pando: http://bit.ly/1tLlRLU
Map lichens: http://bit.ly/WVgoFh
Yucca: http://bit.ly/1uZ71my
Creosote: http://bit.ly/1xUZrpj
Llareta: http://bit.ly/1ANGYPC
Black coral: http://bit.ly/1zLWn1s
Barrel sponge: http://bit.ly/1opvDjb
Posidonia sea grass: http://bit.ly/UVoN9u
Pond cypress: http://bit.ly/1okVPY6
"Old Tjikko" spruce: http://bit.ly/1s30eq7
Stromatolites: http://bit.ly/1pyymXs
Siberian Actinobacteria: http://bit.ly/1xUZ5yR

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Editing/Motion Graphics - Andrew Matthews
Gaffer - John Knudsen

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Unless otherwise indicated, all photos are © Rachel Sussman, used with permission

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Half a century ago, astronauts got on top of a really big rocket and sent a tiny little capsule on a 384,000 km trip to the moon and back. And they were able to do it because a lot of extremely smart and dedicated people pushed engineering and chemistry to the limits in order to create a 36-story tower of carefully-controlled space fire powerful enough to escape Earth’s gravity. I went to NASA in Houston to talk to astronaut Don Pettit about how they did it, and if we’ll be able to do it again.

Special thanks to Don Pettit and NASA

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How many species are there on Earth? In biology, this is one of a fundamental question that we still don’t have a very good answer for. Imagine if chemists didn’t know all the elements of the periodic table, or if physicists didn’t know all of the particles of the standard model. Knowing how many different species there are is information we need to know in order to protect the environment, but it’s a lot harder than you think!

Check out last week’s video, where we find a weird caterpillar in the Peruvian Amazon and ask “How do you discover a new species?”

LEARN MORE:

Costello, Mark J., Robert M. May, and Nigel E. Stork. "Can we name Earth's species before they go extinct?." Science 339.6118 (2013): 413-416.

Locey, Kenneth J., and Jay T. Lennon. "Scaling laws predict global microbial diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2016): 201521291.

May, Robert M. "The future of biological diversity in a crowded world." Current Science 82.11 (2002): 1325-1330.

May, Robert M. "How many species inhabit the earth." Scientific American 267.4 (1992): 42-48.

Mora, Camilo, et al. "How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?." PLoS Biol 9.8 (2011): e1001127.

Stork, Nigel E. "How many species are there?." Biodiversity and Conservation 2.3 (1993): 215-232.

FOLLOW US:

It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Bees see the world in some very interesting ways
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To begin this video, we launched a little confetti to celebrate the fact that I am now "Dr. Joe", since I successfully defended my Ph.D. in molecular biology! Woo! But you don't have to call me "Doctor."

Anyway, spring is in the air!! We're all thawing out from winter's chill, and for bees and flowers this season is about one thing: Feeding and fertilizing. Bees are amazing social insects, and their relationship with flowers is one of nature's coolest examples of "mutualism". It got me wondering: How do bees see the world? Enjoy this look at how bees see in ultraviolet and even sense electric fields!

References for this episode: http://dft.ba/-5Am1

Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by Painted On Productions (http://www.paintedon.com/)

Clips used:
Louie Schwartzberg - The hidden beauty of pollination https://vimeo.com/27328081
Jay Woo - October 1st https://vimeo.com/50513099

Music: Edvard Grieg "Morning Mood"

Special thanks to Klaus Schmitt for allowing us to use his awesome UV flower photos: All images used © Dr Schmitt, Weinheim Germany, http://uvir.eu

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And where do they keep their suitcases?

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As winter approaches, V-shaped flocks glide overhead as the world's birds begin their long treks to warmer climates. Humans used to have some pretty crazy theories about where birds went for winter, like the moon, or to the bottom of the ocean.

How did we learn the real story? And where DO birds go for winter? What are the longest bird migrations? How do birds store up energy for their long journey? How do birds navigate? Why do they fly in a V-shape?

Find out in this week's video!

Charles Morton's theory of birds on the moon: http://wrd.cm/1xMKc5k
Read Charles Morton's original 1703 pamphlet! http://bit.ly/1C5AKhk
The story of the stork with a spear in its neck: http://bit.ly/11PgkIs
Aristotle's theory of bird transmutation: http://bit.ly/1uwQwHX
The "barnacle goose" http://bit.ly/1C5BiUg

The Arctic tern's record-breaking migration: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm....c/articles/PMC283666
The bar-tailed godwit's fat-fueled migration: https://sora.unm.edu/sites/def....ault/files/journals/
Ruby-throated hummingbird mighty migration: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm....c/articles/PMC132505

The avian aerodynamics of the "flying V" http://bit.ly/1vFFlUs
The many senses that birds use to find their way: http://bit.ly/11qN9vr
How birds use magnetic fields to navigate: http://bit.ly/1r2jYLy

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Dalton Allen - Post-production intern
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images by Shutterstock

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Go to http://Raceforretirement.com and see how the action gap affects you.
Follow all of our Peru adventures on this playlist: http://bit.ly/SmartPeru
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Special thanks to Rainforest Expeditions for hosting us! Visit http://www.perunature.com/

References:
Wilson, E.O. "The Diversity of Life" http://eowilsonfoundation.org/....the-diversity-of-lif

Eichhorn, Markus P. "Latitudinal gradients." Natural Systems: The organisation of life: 249-264.

"Tropical Ecology" (textbook) by John Kircher (2011) http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9486.html

Condamine, Fabien L., et al. "What causes latitudinal gradients in species diversity? Evolutionary processes and ecological constraints on swallowtail biodiversity." Ecology letters 15.3 (2012): 267-277.

Jenkins, Clinton N., Stuart L. Pimm, and Lucas N. Joppa. "Global patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity and conservation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110.28 (2013): E2602-E2610.

Mannion, Philip D., et al. "The latitudinal biodiversity gradient through deep time." Trends in ecology & evolution 29.1 (2014): 42-50.

Mittelbach, Gary G., et al. "Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient: speciation, extinction and biogeography." Ecology letters 10.4 (2007): 315-331.

Wiens, John J., et al. "Evolutionary and ecological causes of the latitudinal diversity gradient in hylid frogs: treefrog trees unearth the roots of high tropical diversity." The American Naturalist 168.5 (2006): 579-596.


----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
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When is now? Seems like a pretty simple question… just look at your watch. But do you and I share the same “now”? Let’s journey from Einstein’s thought experiments about relativity to cutting edge neuroscience research to try and answer that question.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....when-is-now-referenc

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You're gonna lobe this video
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Are you a left-brained person or a right-brained person? Spoiler: You're neither. Each of us uses both sides of our brain for most of what we do. But still, there are a number of brain functions that do show lateralization, where they are localized to one side or another. Why is this? And how does it influence our definition of consciousness? People with "split brains" can help us figure it out.

Special thanks to Dr. Michael Gazzaniga for his help researching this video!
Here's a wonderful vintage film featuring Dr. Gazzaniga's early split brain work: https://archive.org/details/splitbrain

-----------
READ MORE:

Gazzaniga, Michael S. "Forty-five years of split-brain research and still going strong." Nature reviews. Neuroscience 6.8 (2005): 653.
http://bit.ly/2ymOh55

Gazzaniga, Michael S. "The split-brain: Rooting consciousness in biology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.51 (2014): 18093-18094.
http://bit.ly/2yoacZo

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It's Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Shaena Montanari, Ph.D.
Editor/animator: Andrew Orsak
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Pluto's not just cool… it's ICE COLD
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↓ More info and sources below ↓

Since New Horizons flew by Pluto on July 14, 2015, it's completely redefined what we know about the dwarf planet and its largest moon Charon. New Horizons' mission will continue to be full of surprises, but here's what we've learned so far
T-SHIRTS! http://dftba.com/besmart

Unless otherwise noted, all images and animations courtesy of NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI

MORE NEW HORIZONS STUFF:
Calculate your Pluto time: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/plutotime/
New Horizons image gallery: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_p....ages/newhorizons/ima
Planetary Society New Horizons news: http://www.planetary.org/blogs..../blog-archive.html?k
Nadia Drake's excellent New Horizons coverage: http://phenomena.nationalgeogr....aphic.com/search/plu
Pluto and Charon are weird: http://news.nationalgeographic.....com/2015/07/150715-
What kind of ices are on Pluto? http://space.io9.com/the-ice-o....f-pluto-is-more-dive
Pluto's hazy atmosphere: https://www.nasa.gov/press-rel....ease/nasa-s-new-hori
Geologic features of Pluto and Charon: http://space.io9.com/were-acti....vely-creating-the-ge
What are tholins? Why Pluto looks red: http://www.planetary.org/blogs..../guest-blogs/2015/07
Pluto's other moons, Nix and Hydra: http://www.nasa.gov/image-feat....ure/new-horizons-cap
Pluto's family portrait: http://www.planetary.org/multi....media/space-images/s
Dwarf planets of the solar system: http://www.space.com/18584-dwa....rf-planets-solar-sys
Catalog of unusual "minor planet objects" in solar system: http://www.minorplanetcenter.n....et/iau/lists/Unusual

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Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Stephen Bohls - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Check out our whole series on ENERGY! http://bit.ly/1BnH5zu
Subscribe: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub Twitter: @okaytobesmart
↓ More info and sources below ↓

The world of energy is a confusing place. What's better, nuclear or solar? What's the difference between fluorescent bulbs and LEDs? What's the difference between energy and power? And what the heck is a kilowatt-hour?!

In this video, we give you a tour of the essential principles behind the energy machine that puts fuel in our tanks and brings electricity to our homes. To be a good energy citizen, you need to speak the language
LEARN MORE:
Special thanks to Sheril Kirshenbaum and the Webber Energy Group at the University of Texas at Austin for their help with this series. http://www.webberenergygroup.com/

Check out their awesome online course "Energy 101" to learn about energy and energy policy from A to Z! http://www.energy101.com/

And to find out what people think about energy, check out the UT Energy Poll: http://www.utenergypoll.com/


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
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For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks

-----------------

Last week's video:
Does the Moon Orbit the Earth? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cJ3AemeUFM

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Check out Planet Earth II! https://youtu.be/c8aFcHFu8QM
On BBC One in the UK this Sunday and coming to BBC America on 28th January 2017
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Find out when you can watch Planet Earth II:
http://www.bbcamerica.com/shows/planet-earth
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02544td
Special thanks to BBC Earth: https://www.youtube.com/user/BBCEarth

Planet Earth II is a BBC Studios Natural History Unit Production, co-produced with BBC America, ZDF, Tencent and France Télévision

Books from this episode:
“Superdove” by Courtney Humphries: http://amzn.to/2h0sZly
“Unseen City” by Nathanael Johnson http://amzn.to/2g3v1nM

-References/Learn More-

Robert Fulton’s illustrated “Book of Pigeons” - 1876 https://archive.org/details/illustratedbooko00robe

Scarf, Damian, Harlene Hayne, and Michael Colombo. "Pigeons on par with primates in numerical competence." Science 334.6063 (2011): 1664-1664.

Scarf, Damian, et al. "Orthographic processing in pigeons (Columba livia)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113.40 (2016): 11272-11276.

Skinner, Burrhus F. "Pigeons in a pelican." American Psychologist 15.1 (1960): 28.

Watanabe, Shigeru, Junko Sakamoto, and Masumi Wakita. "PIGEONS'DISCRIMINATION OF PAINTINGS BY MONET AND PICASSO." Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 63.2 (1995): 165-174.

----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Check out this PBS Space Time playlist all about general and special relativity: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLsPUh22kYmN

Physics Girl explains gravitational waves: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrduBZ319XI

LIGO’s gravitational waves converted into sound (from the end of video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWqhUANNFXw
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigita...

Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

Follow us to PBS Space Time: https://youtu.be/GcfLZSL7YGw
And Eons: https://youtu.be/pk213XSSktQ
↓↓↓ More origin of life info and sources below ↓↓↓

The origin of life is one of the most important mysteries in all of science. When did life begin? How did life first evolve from chemistry? Where did life get started? In some primordial soup or somewhere else? Let’s journey back to the origin of life, as best as we know it, from the RNA world do the last universal common ancestor of everything alive today.

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REFERENCES: http://bit.ly/2HtuPZr

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BOOKS WE’VE FEATURED:
http://smart-books.tumblr.com/

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Karl Boettcher and Derek Borsheim
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

The cutest conservation story ever? Maybe.
Do it for the turtles… SUBSCRIBE! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Want to wear your love for science? We’ve got merch: http://dftba.com/besmart

Special thanks to Dr. Donna Shaver and the Padre Island National Seashore Division of Sea Turtle Science and Recovery for having us!
Andrés Herrera film courtesy of Dr. Thane Wibbels - University of Alabama at Birmingham

References/Learn More:

Bevan, E., et al. "Estimating the historic size and current status of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) population." Ecosphere 7.3 (2016).

Johnsen, Sönke, and Kenneth J. Lohmann. "The physics and neurobiology of magnetoreception." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6.9 (2005): 703-712.

Lohmann, Kenneth J., Nathan F. Putman, and Catherine MF Lohmann. "Geomagnetic imprinting: a unifying hypothesis of long-distance natal homing in salmon and sea turtles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences105.49 (2008): 19096-19101.

Lohmann, Kenneth, and Catherine Lohmann. "Detection of magnetic inclination angle by sea turtles: a possible mechanism for determining latitude." Journal of Experimental Biology 194.1 (1994): 23-32.

Putman, Nathan F., et al. "Evidence for geomagnetic imprinting as a homing mechanism in Pacific salmon." Current Biology 23.4 (2013): 312-316.

Shaver, Donna J., and Charles W. Caillouet Jr. "Reintroduction of Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtle to Padre Island National Seashore, Texas and its connection to head-starting." Herpetological Conservation and Biology 10.1 (2015): 378-435.

Ueda, H. "Physiological mechanisms of imprinting and homing migration in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp." Journal of fish biology 81.2 (2012): 543-558.

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Stock images from SciencePhoto http://www.sciencephoto.com/ and Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Check out MEGAWOW from @PBSKIDS ►► https://youtu.be/meU4f31gqYI
We’re on PATREON! Join the community https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
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How do zebras get their stripes? How do leopards get their spots? And how do giraffes get their giraffe-shaped thingies, whatever they are called? Would you believe the answer is… math? This is the story of a WWII wartime codebreaker and his quest to decode nature’s most beautiful patterns. Alan Turing uncovered a simple code that explains everything from stripes to spots and all the patterns in between… he was just too far ahead of his time. Only recently have biologists found evidence that his pattern-forming system

Alan Turing’s notes used by permission of King’s College, Cambridge (The Turing Papers collection)

Visit Dr. Natasha Ellison’s Turing Pattern Project to learn more: https://turing-pattern-project.group.shef.ac.uk/

Turing pattern simulations created using Jason Webb’s Reaction-Diffusion Playground: https://jasonwebb.github.io/re....action-diffusion-pla

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....turing-pattern-refer

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Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:

Joseph Spencer
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There is an absolutely weird, but surprisingly common phenomenon called sensory adaptation that you experience every day in countless ways without even realizing it. Without this very strange phenomenon, you would be lost, overwhelmed, and completely unable to navigate the external world. In this episode, we’ll explore the many ways your brain “tunes out” most of what’s going on around you so that you can be the high-functioning smart people that we know you are.

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Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
Ali Freiburger
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Salih Arslan
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Amy Sowada
Eric Meer
Dustin
Karen Haskell



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Check out Hungry Planet on @pbsterra https://youtu.be/uH2jWc9TEVM
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

The idea of the lone genius creating everything isn’t just misleading. It’s harmful and wrong. Innovation thrives when people work together, and rather than nice linear paths, new ideas come from chance events and unexpected connections. This video tells the story of one such invention, and offers a new idea about how new ideas are really born.

0:00 I've got a gripe
1:30 How innovation stories usually go
2:28 The last time this happened, things got weird
2:51 Stabbing sick people in Olde London
4:23 A heroic cow named Blossom
5:05 Why Napoleon hated swamps
6:22 The preacher, sparks, and a fortuitous explosion
7:08 Who's "in charge" here?
8:26 Bubbles, for your health!
9:33 Putting the club in soda
10:13 Needles and drugs
11:01 A tower in Paris
11:58 Quantum bros
12:53 Very VERY tiny things
13:37 This physicist hates cats
14:20 Mr. Helix and the messengers
15:18 It's all coming together
16:08 The best part of the story
17:35 Extras

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High fives to all our Brain Trust Patrons:

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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
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SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
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The golden ratio. Some say it’s the most mythical number in the universe. Others say it underlies everything from nature’s patterns to beauty in art and design. But, like, what is it? And does the myth of the golden ratio hold up to its mathematical reality? Let’s find out

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....golden-ratio-referen

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Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:

Roy Lasris
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Eric Meer
Jay Stephens
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Diego Lombeida


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Yep. Goats!
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Who are those people in the intro? Say hi to Joe Nicolosi (director) and Katie Graham (camera)!

Goat field of vision: http://blogs.lifeandscience.org/keepers/tag/pupil/

Goat pupil shape: http://www.journalofvision.org..../content/13/9/607.sh

Radiolab story about a goat on a cow: http://www.radiolab.org/story/224292-behind-goat/

"Fainting goat" syndrome: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myotonia_congenita

Goats have "accents": http://www.thedailybeast.com/c....heats/2012/02/16/stu

Goat tastebuds: http://bit.ly/1zFxhiY

Goat diet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat#Diet

How goats climb so well: http://www.asknature.org/strat....egy/719058a39eea5af7

Billy Whiskers: http://www.childrensbooksonlin....e.org/Billy_Whiskers

In case you're curious, the star cluster in the thumbnail is Messier 30, which is in the Capricorn constellation, because goats.

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Camera
Editing/Motion Graphics - Andrew Matthews
Gaffer - John Knudsen/Philip Sheldon

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced for PBS Digital Studios
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