नवीनतम वीडियो
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There’s a lot of confusion out there about what is and isn’t a dinosaur. And you’d be forgiven for being kinda confused. Maybe paleontologists are just messing with us. Or… maybe the question of what is and isn’t a dinosaur goes deeper than we think? Well, like an intrepid fossil hunter, I set out to dig up an answer, and what I found teaches us a lesson about how hard it is to build a picture of the past when you only have a few puzzle pieces and a lot about why we classify things the way we do.
"The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs" by Dr. Steve Brusatte https://amzn.to/2Nndyoj
"Scrotum Humanum" comes from Brookes, R. (Richard). (1763). A new and accurate system of natural history ... London: Printed for J. Newbery.
https://archive.org/details/ne....waccuratesyste05broo
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The first thing a baby giraffe experiences after being born is a 2 meter fall straight down to the ground. But within an hour, it’s standing, walking, and nursing on its own. And a blue whale calf, after nearly a year growing inside mom, can swim to the surface moments after being born. Human babies on the other hand? We’re born unable to move or eat on our own, we can’t communicate or fully sense our world, and we leak EVERYWHERE. If humans are so smart, why are our babies so… un-smart? You may think it’s all about head size, but the real science is more complex.
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....why-babies-helpless-
Note: In videos like this one, we use the terms male and female to refer to biological sex and typical secondary characteristics seen across the human population.
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Here's why you aren't built like a lobster.
Our bodies are mirror images of lobsters and other arthropods from back to belly. We've know since the early 19th century that our guts and nervous systems are inverted from theirs, but only recently has molecular biology shown us why. Here's the evolutionary tale about a worm doing the backstroke and why your guts are on your front.
This is part 2 of 3 in my series about how our bodies evolved to look like they do. Check out the others:
Part 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdNE4WygyAk
Part 3 - Coming Friday!
More info:
Dorsoventral inversion: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I....nversion_(evolutiona
Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%....C3%89tienne_Geoffroy
Common animal body plan between protostomes and deuterostomes: http://www.hhmi.ucla.edu/derob....ertis/EDR_MS/Evo-Dev
How we know that our body plan came later: http://scienceblogs.com/pharyn....gula/2006/01/12/hemi
Step by step along the evolutionary tree:
http://tolweb.org/Bilateria/2459
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterostome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalochordata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnathostomata
Evolutionary timeline of vertebrates: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2008/03/03/tree/
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
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Music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Stock images via Shutterstock
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
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Explore the DESI universe map here: https://newscenter.lbl.gov/202....4/04/04/desi-first-r
Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories.
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You’d have to be nuts not to love this video!
Special thanks to Jason Goldman (@jgold85) for help with this episode!
References:
Jacobs, Lucia F., and Emily R. Liman. "Grey squirrels remember the locations of buried nuts." Animal Behaviour 41.1 (1991): 103-110.
Delgado, Mikel M., et al. "Fox squirrels match food assessment and cache effort to value and scarcity." PloS one 9.3 (2014): e92892.
Raby, Caroline R., et al. "Planning for the future by western scrub-jays."Nature 445.7130 (2007): 919-921.
Dally, Joanna M., Nathan J. Emery, and Nicola S. Clayton. "Food-caching western scrub-jays keep track of who was watching when." Science312.5780 (2006): 1662-1665.
Clayton, Nicola S., Joanna M. Dally, and Nathan J. Emery. "Social cognition by food-caching corvids. The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist."Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 362.1480 (2007): 507-522.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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A brief history of time…
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How did we come up with our system of telling time? Why do we divide the day into 24 hours of 60 minutes each, and put 60 seconds in each minute? Where does the definition of a second come from? And who decides what clock shows the correct time? There’s clearly a lot of questions when it comes to time.
READ MORE:
“Galileo’s Pendulum” - Roger Newton http://amzn.to/2yQri5E
“Revolution in Time” - David Landes http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890167780
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Heroes on the half shell… Oyster power?
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When people picture New York City they see skyscrapers, subways, and a concrete jungle. But the Big Apple is really a seaside city built on an archipelago. In the wake of a century of industrial pollution and climate change-fueled superstorms like Hurricane Sandy, New York’s waterways need help. Learn how Billion Oyster Project is working to restore one of the world’s greatest lost ecosystems in order to clean up New York’s water and protect it from an uncertain climate future.
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Vintage Project Echo footage from “The Big Bounce” (1960): https://archive.org/details/BigBounc1960
Listen to the original static signal captured by Penzias and Wilson at Bell Labs: https://media-bell-labs-com.s3.....amazonaws.com/pages
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
Music via APM
Stock images from SciencePhoto http://www.sciencephoto.com/ and Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
Stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted) http://www.videoblocks.com
Learn more about your personal DNA story by going to https://23andMe.com/okay
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What’s the largest river on Earth? If you said “the Amazon”… you’re only half right. Scientists have discovered an even bigger river in South America, and it’s in the sky above the Amazon rainforest. Turns out, this sky river is the reason there’s a rainforest at all…
REFERENCES:
Dr. Scot T. Martin, Gordon McKay Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering and Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University.
Dr. Antonio Donato Nobre, National Institute for Space Research, Brazil. Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre
TED Talk: “The Magic of the Amazon, a river that flows invisibly all around us.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01jYiXbpnoE
“The Future Climate of Amazon.” Scientific Assessment Report. Articulación Regional Amazônica (2014). Sao Jose dos Campos – SP Edition ARA, CCST-INPE e INPA
Andreae et al. “Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, trace gases, and aerosols in Amazonia: The LBA‐EUSTACH experiments.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (2002). https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000524
Dettinger, M. D., Ralph, F. M., Das, T., Neiman, P. J., & Cayan, D. R. (2011). Atmospheric rivers, floods and the water resources of California. Water, 3(2), 445-478.
Pöhlker, C., Wiedemann, K. T., Sinha, B., Shiraiwa, M., Gunthe, S. S., Smith, M., ... & Elbert, W. (2012). Biogenic potassium salt particles as seeds for secondary organic aerosol in the Amazon. Science, 337(6098), 1075-1078.
https://authors.library.caltec....h.edu/34067/2/Pohlke
Ter Steege, H., Pitman, N. C., Sabatier, D., Baraloto, C., Salomão, R. P., Guevara, J. E., ... & Monteagudo, A. (2013). Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora. Science, 342(6156), 1243092.
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Do you feel lucky?
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Is luck real? It might feel like a mystical force tugging us toward good or bad fortune, but it turns out luck is really where probability runs into the human mind. That’s right, there’s a scientific side to luck, and if you study a few principles of math and psychology, you might even be able to create your own good fortune.
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LEARN MORE:
“The Luck Factor” - Richard Wiseman http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/440674912
“What the Luck?” - Gary Smith http://amzn.to/2mQJvau
Sports Illustrated cover jinx study: http://bit.ly/cover-jinx
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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The biggest (and most mysterious!) migration in the world happens every night in the ocean as 10 billion tons of zooplankton swim to the surface to feed. This undersea journey is known as Diel vertical migration, and it occurs in every ocean in the world. By learning more about why this happens, science can unlock the secrets behind other phenomena, like our biological clocks…and even climate change.
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References: https://sites.google.com/view/....earths-greatest-migr
Check out Untold Earth and the PBS Earth Month Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BVHSUMAWR4&list=PLzkQfVIJun2J5q9CIXPAlL95FSb0tJul7&index=2
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The science of-- OH GOD IS THAT A SPIDER?!
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I'm scared of spiders. I'm not afraid to admit it. I love them in a scientific sense, or from a "let me look at you from way over here" sense, but that's as close as I get.
Here's a look at the science of why some of us are afraid of spiders, snakes, roaches, and other creepy crawlies. Did I evolve to be this way, or did I learn to be afraid of them? It seems to be an open question…
How dangerous ARE spiders? http://burkemuseum.blogspot.co....m/2010/09/q-how-dang
Humans may have evolved to pick out spiders and snakes from environment: http://www.apa.org/news/press/....releases/2001/09/sna
The overlapping worlds of fear conditioning from innate fear: http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychol....ogy/371g/Ohman2001.p
Doctor Who study suggests that spider fear may not be innate: http://www.wired.com/2014/01/d....octor-who-and-spider
Most common phobias: http://psychology.about.com/od..../phobias/p/commonpho
Adults and kids pick out creepy animals quicker than non-creepy animals: http://www.livescience.com/2348-fear-snakes.html
Children report spiders as a top fear: http://www.sciencedirect.com/s....cience/article/pii/S
List of clips featured in this episode: http://bit.ly/1xFhdO9
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Stephen Bohls - Editing/Motion Graphics
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Thumbnail photo: specnaz/Shutterstock
Stock images via Shutterstock
Music: "Two Boys and a Girl" - Podington Bear
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Have you ever noticed that warning about raw or undercooked seafood at the bottom of restaurant menus? Ever wondered why it’s there? Because fish carry a ton of parasites, and if they aren’t prepared correctly then those parasites can make it into your body. But it turns out, this fishy intersection with the wild world of parasites can teach us a lot about how these moochers help keep ecosystems healthy, and why we should protect them.
REFERENCES:
Parasite Evolution https://www.livescience.com/55483-wei...
The World’s Parasites Are Going Extinct. Here’s Why That’s a Bad Thing https://www.smithsonianmag.com/scienc...
History of Human Parisitology https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Parasites in Seattle Sushi http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/sea...
Dramatic evolution within human genome may have been caused by malaria parasite http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/0...
Parasite Rex by Carl Zimmer https://www.amazon.com/Parasite-Rex-B...
Interviews and conversations with:
Colin J. Carlson (National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center)
Chelsea L. Wood (University of Washington)
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Here’s a thought: What IS a thought? I know it involves my brain, and my brain is made of neurons. And my brain’s neurons are listening to other neurons all over my body. But how do those neurons actually work? Maybe you’ve heard that it involves electricity, but does that mean you’ve got little zaps and lightning bolts running through your veins like Pikachu? Don’t worry, I’m here to set you straight on what a neuron is, what an action potential is, and how fast your nervous system really communicates.
Neuron spiker box from Backyard Brains (they didn’t sponsor this video in any way, but their kits are very educational!) https://backyardbrains.com/
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....galvani-nerve-brain/
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I feel like I've seen this video before…
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Most of us have felt it before, that strange sensation that you've been somewhere or seen something before, as if you already remembered what's happening. Are you psychic? Nope, that's just déjà vu. Why does déjà vu happen? Well, scientists aren't completely sure, but they've got a few good theories about it.
Great déjà vu explainer from Jordan Gaines Lewis: http://www.gainesonbrains.com/....2012/02/seeing-into-
Some theories of why déjà vu happens: http://theconversation.com/exp....lainer-what-is-deja-
And now for something completely different: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2eUopy9sd8
Special thanks to Austin's Corona Cafe!
Cast:
Waiter - Joe Nicolosi (he's also the director)
Sneezing girl - Kate Eads (she's also associate producer)
Guy spilling coffee - John Knudesn (he's also gaffer)
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!
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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
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For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern
Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock
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Last week's video:
5 Weird Involuntary Behaviors Explained: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZE8sRMZ5BCA
More videos:
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Why Did We Blow on NES Games? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gf9mtXnJfM
The Science of Game of Thrones - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Utu-LpJn3Is
There Was No First Human - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdWLhXi24Mo
How The Elements Got Their Names - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtg9p6A6xnY
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
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A summertime look at why we sweat, why we burn, and why our fingers wrinkle in the pool.
References/further reading:
Eccrine and apocrine sweat glands: https://www.inkling.com/read/d....ermatology-bolognia-
"Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?" M. Changizi et al, Brain Behav Evol 2011 http://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/328223
(Not everyone agrees with the rain tread hypothesis, though: http://www.plosone.org/article..../info%3Adoi%2F10.137
Sunburn/UV light triggers immune response: http://www.nature.com/nm/journ....al/v18/n8/full/nm.28
UV-A rays and Unilateral Dermoheliosis (the truck driver's face) http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/1....0.1056/NEJMicm110405
DNA damage and repair and their role in carcinogenesis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21554/
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Editing/Motion Graphics - Andrew Matthews
Gaffer - John Knudsen
Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Stock images via Shutterstock
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
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Why do we build monuments? And what are they made of?
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I took a trip to Washington D.C. to check out some of our nation's most famous monuments. Where do they come from? From the depths of the Earth to the distant reaches of the cosmos, you'll never look at history the same way again.
Music
"Over the River and Through the River" - Father Sleep
Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
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Meter? …or Metre?
Try CuriosityStream and learn something new today: http://curiositystream.com/smart
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Why is a meter a meter? The meter is the world’s ultimate measure, but how did it become “the” meter? What is this measurement based on? The story of this revolution in measurement traces its roots to the French Revolution. Scientists decided that an equal and united people should have equal and united measures. So they sent a pair of young astronomers out to measure the world, and invent the meter. Little did they know they’d find nothing but war, deception, and strife along the way. As a result of this ill-fated mission, the meter carries an error that still persists today. Still think the metric system is so perfect?
Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate
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LEARN MORE:
This episode would not have been possible without one incredible book: “The Measure of All Things” by Ken Alder.
There’s so much more to this story that we couldn’t fit in the video, and this book has it all. War, madness, deception, shame, spies, the dawn of the Enlightenment, the birth of modern economics, lots more beheadings… Highly recommended!
Amazon: http://amzn.to/2lNuEyD
Public library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/893130606
MORE:
Interesting chronology of the meter: http://www.dozenalsociety.org.....uk/metrix/chronology
Calculating the length of a meridian arc: http://www.cantab.net/users/mi....chael.behrend/map_fo
Williams, Jeffrey H. “Quantifying Measurement: The Tyranny of Numbers.” Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2016
Murdin, Paul. “Full meridian of glory: perilous adventures in the competition to measure the Earth.” Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox
Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate
This episode is brought to you by Dropbox https://www.dropbox.com/
Follow me to Gross Science: https://youtu.be/kRUt9pqMCSg and BrainCraft: https://youtu.be/Joalg73L_gw
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BOOK RECOMMENDATION: Barbara J. King "How Animals Grieve" http://amzn.to/1MD7Jz5
References:
Barbara J. King “When Animals Mourn” Scientific American http://www.nature.com/scientif....icamerican/journal/v
Jason G. Goldman “Death Rituals In The Animal Kingdom” http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20120919-respect-t
Iain Douglas Hamilton “Behavioural reactions of elephants towards a dying and deceased matriarch” Applied Animal Behavior Science http://www.appliedanimalbehavi....our.com/article/S016
Chimpanzees mourning dead infants:
http://www.mpg.de/1071360/mourning_chimpanzee
http://www.cell.com/current-bi....ology/abstract/S0960
(video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM9GLhuPDXA)
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc.
Kate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Theme music: “Ouroboros” by Kevin MacLeod
Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)
Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate
Join the #AnythingButPepper movement!
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“Salt: A World History” by Mark Kurlansky http://amzn.to/29vj9m4
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Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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Follow on Snapchat: YoDrJoe
-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
Music via APM
Stock images from SciencePhoto http://www.sciencephoto.com/ and Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
Stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted) http://www.videoblocks.com
