Robert Liston: the surgeon with a 300% mortality rate
How did this man, a world-renowned doctor at the cutting edge of nineteenth-century medicine, come to be the only surgeon with a 300% mortality rate? The statistic is taken from one of his surgeries, which began much like any other day for Liston.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Conan White
Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Sources

Books
Robert Liston, Practical Surgery (London, 1837)

Articles
Bill Thomas, ‘Saints and sinners: Robert Liston’, THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND BULLETIN, 94:2 (2012), pp. 64-65.

DJ Coltart, ‘Surgery Between Hunter and Lister: As Exemplified by the Life and Works of Robert Liston (1794-1847)’, Proceedings Royal Society of Medicine, 65 (1972), pp. 26-30.

Reginald Magee, ‘Surgery in the Pre-Anaesthetic Era: The Life and Work of Robert Liston’, Health and History, 2:1 (2000), pp. 121-133.

A Sharee Wright and Pickney J Maxwel, ‘Robert Liston, M.D. (October 28, 1794-December 7, 1847): The Fastest Knife in the West End’, The American Surgeon, 80:1 (2014), pp. 1-2.

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During the invasion of Poland in 1939, it is said that Polish cavalry units charged at the German tanks with sabres and lances, in a desperate and foolhardy attempt to take on the metal beasts.

This is in fact a myth.


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Music Credit

Video Game Soldiers by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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There would always be men who would have a special bond with their personal weapons. Sometimes it was so great that they preferred using their own guns from home instead of the army-issued ones in combat.

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Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Dejan Milivojevic
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Bryan 'Lazlo' Beauregard

Weapons that the samurai used were not limited to swords: in situations when a sword was not suitable or available, everyday items, such as writing, eating, and cooking utensils, were improvised as weapons.


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Sources:

Cunningham, Don. Samurai Weapons: Tools of the Warrior. Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing, 2016.

Deal, William E. Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. New York: Oxford University Press.

Handa, Masayuki. “The Japanese Tobacco Culture in the Edo Period (1603–1867).” Aziatische Kunst 44.3: 3–10.

Kobayashi, Masa’aki. “Tabako.” Kokushi Daijiten. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1979–1997.

Mol, Serge. Classical Weaponry of Japan: Special Weapons and Tactics of the Martial Arts. Tokyo and London: Kodansha International, 2003.

Okada, Akio. “Kiseru.” Kokushi Daijiten. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1979-1997.

Suzuki, Barnabas Tatsuya. “Tobacco Culture in Japan.” Smoke: A Global History of Smoking, edited by Sander L. Gilman and Zhou Xun. London: Reaktion, 2004. 76–83.

Tanaka, Tomikichi. “Kiseru.” Encyclopedia NIpponica. Tokyo: Shōgakukan, 2001.

Classical Weaponry of Japan: Special Weapons and Tactics of the Martial Arts
By Serge Mol

Though we often think of the Vikings of Scandinavia as being barbarians, when it came to warfare they were quite advanced warriors, as well as being highly practical. So they tended to favour weapons that served a purpose in everyday life, as well as on the battlefield.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Conan White
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Bryan 'Lazlo' Beauregard

Music Credit
Crusade - Video Classica by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Sources:

Weapons of the Viking Warrior
By Gareth Williams

The Viking Age: The Early History, Manners, and Customs of the ..., Volume 2
By Paul Belloni Du Chaillu

Ancient Weapons in Britain
By Logan Thompson

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Music Credit

Cypher - Wayne Jones

Bus Da Blockbuster - Doug Maxwell/Media Right Production

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Sigurd had even ordered all of his men to put  severed heads of the men they had slain on their horses for the ride home to show the people how he had won a great victory and killed his enemies!  Unfortunately for Sigurd, he was about to suffer one of the strangest deaths in history!   

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What do you do when you are short of manpower and have a vast naval fleet?

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Music Credit

Drunken Sailor - The Midshipmen Glee Club

Blow The Man Down - The Midshipmen Glee Club

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh died on April 9th 2021, just 2 months before his 100th birthday. He had been happily married to Queen Elizabeth the Second, the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, for 73 years.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Conan White
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Full on by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...​

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History has shown some strange deaths.
Let's look at some of the most unfortunate and bizarre famous deaths from the 20th century.

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Music Credit

Hangin' with the Worms, Hon Kyoku, -Doug Maxwell/Media Right Productions

Action Time - Biz Baz Studio
Nail Biter - Riot

Magical Dirt - Sir Cubworth

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Folk Round by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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Sources:
Medieval Punishments: An Illustrated History of Torture
By William Andrews

Curious Punishments of Bygone Days
By Alice Morse Earle

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T-34: An armoured legend. Learn who created this legendary tank, it's long road filled with different and difficult challenges, from defeats to victory. The iron fist of the Red Army, the T-34 became one of the synonyms for the victory in WWII, paving the way for the modern battle tanks yet having a very humble start even before WWII.

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Located near the town of Meppen in Lower Saxony, Germany, is one of the largest weapons testing sites in Europe, Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 91 - the WTD-91.
Its total area is 19,200 hectares and it is 19 miles long and 3 to 4 miles wide.
Equipped with high-tech measuring devices, the WTD-91 is the leading testing site of the German Bundeswehr, where extensive testing of tanks and self-propelled howitzers are conducted.

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Often, the Spetsnaz are thought of as Army commando units.
In reality, however, Spetsnaz are not a specific tactical unit but a more general clandestine force which were deployed at the behest of the Soviet intelligence security services for special missions.

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Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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White, Terry. The Making of the World’s Elite Forces
Timothy Gusinov, ‘Soviet Special Forces (Spetsnaz): Experience in Afghanistan’, Military Review, March-April 2002.
Jack Anderson and Dale Van Atta, ‘Meet ‘Spetsnaz,’ Soviet Special Forces’, The Washington Post, 1986.
Lester W. Grau and Ali Ahmad Jalali, ‘Forbidden Cross-border Vendetta: Spetsnaz Strike into Pakistan during the Soviet-afghan War’, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, (18)4.

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Soviet snipers like Zaytsev started to specifically target German officers and this tactic soon took a devastating toll on the German Army’s morale and command structure.
Zaytsev had a number of pioneering tactics that allowed him to become one of the top snipers of world war two.


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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner
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https://pastebin.com/QKX2a8ZP

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
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sources:
The Kaiser's Escapees: Allied POW escape attempts during the First World War
By Philip D. Chinnery
Meeting the Enemy: The Human Face of the Great War
By Richard van Emden

The Ghosts of the Great War: Reflections on Belgium
By Joan McMahon Flatt

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Petardiers were special units of late medieval and early renaissance armies.
These explosive specialists were not engaged in open battles, but only during sieges where their skills were the most useful.

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