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Could K2-18b Sustain Life? Teacherflix 2 צפיות • לִפנֵי 2 שנים

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Its name is K2-18 b, also known as...wait for it... EPIC 201912552 b.
It is an exoplanet orbiting a red dwarf star, located about 111 light-years from Earth.
If you were able to reach half of the speed of light and travel at that constant speed, you will take about 222 years to get to K2-18b. And we don't even know how to reach that huge speed. So I guess you and I will never go for a trip to K2-18b planet.

Not only earth-based telescope is being used to catch exoplanets.
In fact, we make large use of some space telescopes, such as the famous Kepler Space Telescope.
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We are living in the Age of Exoplanets!
A lot of Astrophysicists and Physicians, as well as Biologists, are currently involved in projects which try to understand whether in the universe exists other forms of life as we know it, or not.
That's why we search for exoplanets, hoping one day we'll find a habitable one, just like ours, the Earth.
As we've said, the planet was discovered through the Kepler space telescope, using the transit method.
What scientists found is that it has about eight times the mass of Earth and it completes an orbit around its host star in about 33 days (it means that if we lived on that planet, our year would last 33 solar days!).
It is also in the so-called Habitable zone of the planet, which is what makes it a potential candidate for life as we know it.
But is it enough to be In the habitable zone in order to host life as we know it?
Well, things are harder than that.
First, we should search for some clues about water. Is there water on K2 18 b?

With the help of the telescopes Kepler, Hubble and Spitzer (which works in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum), two independent research studies found that there are significant amounts of water vapour in K2 18 b's atmosphere.
This was a groundbreaking discovery because it was the first time we had clues of water within the habitable zone of a star.

But is the presence of water the only requirement in order to host life as we know it?
Of course, it is not. Some other factors play a big role in this game.
For example, let's talk about K2 18 b size and let's see what we can say about the presence (or not) of life.
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Chain Reaction In Nuclear Fission_Part 01 Teacherflix 2 צפיות • לִפנֵי 2 שנים

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Chain Reaction in Nuclear Fission: When slow neutrons are bombarded on uranium, each uranium nucleus is broken in to two almost equal parts and along with it enormous energy and two or three trash neutrons are emitted. If the conditions are favorable, these neutrons take part in the fission.This leads to a chain of nuclear fissions which continues till the whole of the Uranium is consumed. Thus the energy produced keep on multiplying.We have seen that about 200 MeV MeV- mega electron volts of energy is released due to fission of 1 Uranium nucleus. In this chain reaction, the number of nuclei undergoing fission increases very rapidly, hence the energy produced acquires an enormous amount very soon."The chain reaction is a series of nuclear fissions in which the neutrons produced in each fission cause additional fissions."This chain reaction liberate tremendous amount of energy within short interval of time. But sustaining a self--propagating chain reaction is not easy in practice, because the progressive chain reaction is inhibited due to the following reasons.A Ordinary uranium consists of three isotopes 92U238 92 Uranium 238, 92U236 92 Uranium 236 and 92U235 92 Uranium 235. The major part of ordinary uranium is the isotope 92U238 92 Uranium 238 the remaining are rare. Now, 92U238 92 Uranium 238 can be fissioned only with fast neutrons 1 MeV while 92U235 can be fissioned with slow as well as slow and fast neutrons. Neutrons having energy less than 1 MeV are absorbed by 92U238 through these low energy neutrons can take part is the fission of 92U235 but the probability of their absorption by U238 is much more. Thus the fresh neutrons released in the fission of ordinary uranium being absorbed by U238 are not able continue the chain reaction. This difficulty can be removed in the following two ways: The lighter isotope U235 can be separated from the ordinary uranium by diffusion method. The fission of U235 is now possible by neutrons of any energy high or low. So chain reaction continuous as shows in above.The second way is to slow down the neutrons by any method. So that their energy remains 0.03 eV This can be achieved with help of moderators, which reduce the speed of neutrons very rapidly. Graphite and heavy water are good moderators.The second difficulty in maintaining the chain reaction is that the fast neutrons released by the fission of U235 travel a distance of about 10 centimeter in the substance before they are slow down and fission other nuclei.Therefore, to continue the chain--reaction, the size of the fissionable substance should be bigger than a certain critical size.