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Hold on to your butts. This episode is about… butts. The science and evolutionary history of your rear end, the down-low on your derriere, shining a little light where the sun don't shine… you get the picture. But(t) seriously, we don't talk about this all-important hole enough, and how, from an evolutionary perspective, it might be the most important orifice on your body.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....briefhistoryofbutts-

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DeliciousKashmiri
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On April 8, 2024, the Moon’s shadow fell upon the Earth, creating a total solar eclipse across North America. If you had the chance to see it, you're surely glad you didn't miss it. It’s an amazing coincidence that total eclipses happen at all — and that we’re alive at a time when we can see and predict them. We made this video so you can learn how to watch an eclipse safely, what to look for during an eclipse, why eclipses happen, and how eclipses have helped advance scientific research.

Explore this April 8, 2024 eclipse map from NASA! https://science.nasa.gov/eclip....ses/future-eclipses/

Find your next solar eclipse here: https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEatlas/SEatlas.html

Learn more about the solar eclipse timer app: https://www.solareclipsetimer.com/

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Ed Eyden
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Over 200 years ago, scientists were looking at sunlight through a prism when they noticed that part of the rainbow was missing. There were dark lines where there should have been colors. Since then, scientists have unlocked the secrets encoded in these lines, using it to uncover mind-boggling facts about the fundamental nature of our universe and about worlds light-years away.

Want to build your own DIY spectrometer? Mine is a modified version of this one from @exploratorium https://www.exploratorium.edu/....snacks/cd-spectrosco
And here's what you'll need to make one: https://amzn.to/3sbhr7C

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....whysomeoftherainbowi

0:00 Fraunhofer's mystery of missing colors
0:54 Playing with fire
2:11 Puzzle pieces and color codes
3:30 Electrons do the strangest things
5:40 How to make a rainbow analyzer
8:00 Using rainbows to understand the universe
9:57 Life beyond Earth
10:57 Final thoughts

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Earth’s climate is changing in a big way, and it’s because there's more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than at any point in our species’ history. But Earth’s climate has changed before. How do we know that this time we’re the cause? We know thanks to tiny bubbles of ancient atmosphere trapped in ice. #climatechange #globalwarming

Thanks to Dr. Jeff Severinghaus and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....ice-cores-climate-ch

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
AlecZero
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Brent M.
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Several jokes were harmed in the making of this video
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Laughing is a universal human behavior, one that transcends borders of language and culture. But it's also REALLY WEIRD. Why do we do it? The answer has less to do with humor than you might think
Learn more:
"Laughter: A Scientific Investigation" by Robert Provine http://amzn.to/1fzZQLy

"Ha! The Science of When We Laugh and Why" by Scott Weems http://amzn.to/1etLLyv



Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
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-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Google+ https://plus.google.com/+itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer


Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks


-----------------

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Take the PBS Digital Studios annual survey: https://to.pbs.org/2024SurveyBeSmart
Check out @ACSReactions here: https://youtu.be/_cb09XB07LQ
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

For centuries, diamonds were one of the most mysterious materials on Earth. They were beautiful, indestructible, and completely unexplained. Today, we’re exploring how scientists unlocked their secrets, and how one lab recreates the extreme conditions in Earth's mantle to make diamonds… out of dead people.

-----------

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Baerbel Winkler
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Your love life would be WILD
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Special thanks to Jurgen Otto and Brave Bison for that great peacock spider video! Check out https://www.youtube.com/user/Peacockspiderman

Get a sneak peek of the Maker Box I'm curating for Quarterly: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vit_ozLnHmA
Order yours by Feb. 22, 2017! ttp://on.qrtr.ly/ItsOKtoMake

Ever find yourself wishing for relationship advice and have no one to turn to? Looking for the secrets to a long and happy relationship but can’t find the answers? Maybe you just want to know how to tell that certain someone that you like them, but don’t know how to make the first move? Have no fear, Mother Nature is here! Other animals have millennia worth of mating experience, maybe they can teach us a thing or two?

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Sarah Keartes
Editor/animator/producer: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Check out Hungry Planet on @pbsterra https://youtu.be/uH2jWc9TEVM
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

The idea of the lone genius creating everything isn’t just misleading. It’s harmful and wrong. Innovation thrives when people work together, and rather than nice linear paths, new ideas come from chance events and unexpected connections. This video tells the story of one such invention, and offers a new idea about how new ideas are really born.

0:00 I've got a gripe
1:30 How innovation stories usually go
2:28 The last time this happened, things got weird
2:51 Stabbing sick people in Olde London
4:23 A heroic cow named Blossom
5:05 Why Napoleon hated swamps
6:22 The preacher, sparks, and a fortuitous explosion
7:08 Who's "in charge" here?
8:26 Bubbles, for your health!
9:33 Putting the club in soda
10:13 Needles and drugs
11:01 A tower in Paris
11:58 Quantum bros
12:53 Very VERY tiny things
13:37 This physicist hates cats
14:20 Mr. Helix and the messengers
15:18 It's all coming together
16:08 The best part of the story
17:35 Extras

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High fives to all our Brain Trust Patrons:

Charles Horton, Jr
Holly, Brett, and Ashe Bullion
Jaap Westera
Millennial Glacier
Mehdi Damou
Barbora Bei
Burt Humburg
dani bowman
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Baerbel Winkler
Robert Young
Eric Meer
Karen Haskell

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Big thank you to Rachel for lending her voice and photos to this episode!

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

"The Oldest Living Things In The World" by Rachel Sussman:
Amazon: http://amzn.to/1uZ6wJp
Public Library: http://bit.ly/1s2gCnb

Species featured in this video:

Bristlecone pine: http://bit.ly/1o3zW4p
Baobab: http://bit.ly/1qJo6ul
Pando: http://bit.ly/1tLlRLU
Map lichens: http://bit.ly/WVgoFh
Yucca: http://bit.ly/1uZ71my
Creosote: http://bit.ly/1xUZrpj
Llareta: http://bit.ly/1ANGYPC
Black coral: http://bit.ly/1zLWn1s
Barrel sponge: http://bit.ly/1opvDjb
Posidonia sea grass: http://bit.ly/UVoN9u
Pond cypress: http://bit.ly/1okVPY6
"Old Tjikko" spruce: http://bit.ly/1s30eq7
Stromatolites: http://bit.ly/1pyymXs
Siberian Actinobacteria: http://bit.ly/1xUZ5yR

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Editing/Motion Graphics - Andrew Matthews
Gaffer - John Knudsen

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Unless otherwise indicated, all photos are © Rachel Sussman, used with permission

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Check out Say It Loud from PBSDS ►► https://www.youtube.com/SayItLoudPBS
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The eyes are often the first thing we see when we look at someone. And when you look at them up close, everyone’s eye color is a kaleidoscope of shapes and hues. How does eye color work? The answer involves some very cool physics, and probably isn’t what you were taught in school. And you’ve probably wondered how is eye color inherited, or why some people have blue eyes even if their parents’ eyes are brown? Get ready for a long look deep into the genetics and physics of eye color. #eyes #eyecolor #blueeyes

REFERENCES:

Genetics of human iris colour and patterns - Richard A. Sturm, Mats Larsson
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/full/10.1111/j

Iris Color Classification Scales
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC57292

GWAS Findings for Human Iris Patterns: Associations with Variants in Genes that Influence Normal Neuronal Pattern Development
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC31551

Characterization of melanin in human iridal and choroidal melanocytes from eyes with various colored irides.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18353148

Can blue eyed parents produce brown eyed children? - Richard A. Sturm
https://bioenv.gu.se/digitalAs....sets/1571/1571499_ey


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You have questions, I have answers!

Richard Feynman - Fun To Imagine (playlist): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3pYRn5j7oI&list=PL2D30B1DEFFDA0310

Mapping a zombie apocalypse to model disease outbreaks: https://medium.com/the-physics....-arxiv-blog/61661d6a

People can't tell the difference between smell of Parmesan and vomit: http://www.rachelherz.com/uplo....ads/Odor_Illusions.p

Check out Ask Joe #1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkSpmTvCRJA

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editor and motion graphics

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

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I took a trip to one of Austin's famous moontowers so I could put the enormity of our solar system into perspective. With the help of a grapefruit, and a lot of walking, you'll get an idea of just how tiny everything is out there!!

Do it yourself! Calculate sizes and distances, and then make your own solar system model using this calculator: http://dft.ba/-solarsystem

Veritasium "How Far Away Is The Moon?" http://youtu.be/Bz9D6xba9Og
Solar system as a football field: http://dft.ba/-6qnn
How far away is Voyager right now? http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/

Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by Painted On Productions (http://www.paintedon.com/)

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The fastest animal in nature isn't what you think it is. It's way, way smaller than that. Nature's tiniest creatures warp the laws of physics, and they do it in ways that even human engineers would gawk at. Using the power of super slow-motion macro video, let's uncover the biological engineering that lets nature's fastest creatures do their zoomy thing.

@AntLab ►► https://www.youtube.com/user/adrianalansmith
@physicsgirl ►► https://www.youtube.com/c/physicsgirl

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....fastest-animals-refe

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AlecZero
Amory Silva
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Baerbel Winkler
Benjamin Teinby
Denzel Holmes
Diego Lombeida
Dustin
Eric Meer
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Jay Stephens
Karen Haskell
Marcus Tuepker
Megan K Bradshaw
Peter Ehrnstrom
Robert Young
Salih Arslan
Vincbis
Zenimal


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Check out the FULL video from Smarter Every Day of jellyfish stinging in microscopic slow-motion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WJCnC5ebf4

Jellyfish are mesmerizing and beautiful and I have no idea how they work. So I went behind the scenes at the Monterey Bay Aquarium with my new friend Tommy to learn all about them. I saw some things…

Why are we in Monterey? PBS and BBC are teaming up to bring you an incredible LIVE nature broadcast direct from Monterey Bay, California called BIG BLUE LIVE. In late summer, thousands and thousands of ocean animals come together here, in one of the richest ecosystems on Earth. We'll be bringing you a week of videos direct from Monterey Bay all about this incredible place and the biology it holds
Big Blue Live airs nightly on PBS 8/31-9/2 at 8 PM ET
Big Blue Live airs on BBC One 8/23 (7PM), 8/27 (8 PM), 8/30 (7 PM)

More info here:
pbs.org/bigbluelive
facebook.com/PBS
facebook.com/BBCBigBlueLive

Follow Joe during Big Blue Live!
Twitter/Periscope: @jtotheizzoe @okaytobesmart
Snapchat: YoDrJoe
Instagram: @jtotheizzoe
Facebook: facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart

(Whale illustrations by Nobu Tamura/CC-BY-3.0)

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Snapchat: YoDrJoe

-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓

SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
We’re on PATREON now! Join the community ►► https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Can trees really save us from climate change? For eons, nature has relied on photosynthesis as a big way to keep carbon dioxide levels from getting out of control. But as we have put more carbon into the air, we’ve also cut down many of the forests we need to suck that carbon up. So big tree-planting initiatives like #TeamTrees to the rescue, right? Actually, we need to think bigger. Here’s three ways trees really can help us solve climate change, from a guy who wants to plant a TRILLION trees, to how we might save the forests we’ve got, to scientists hacking biology to make trees even better.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....3waystreescansavethe

Aspect Science: Team Trees Explained https://youtu.be/SLHCA-hHx4Y

Special thanks to Felix Finkbeiner
https://www.plant-for-the-planet.org/en/home

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
AlecZero
Bob Rosset
Brent M.
Diego Lombeida
Ron Kakar

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Why are trees and other plants green? Seems like a simple question. But the answer is full of surprises. Using a special camera that can pick up light just beyond the visible range, into the near-infrared, you’ll get to see trees like you’ve never seen them before. And these other-worldly images can teach us not only why trees are green on Earth, but what color photosynthetic life on other planets might be.
#TeamTrees

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....treesonotherplanets-

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
AlecZero
Bob Rosset
Brent M.
Diego Lombeida

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Why are our bodies so symmetrical, but our guts aren't?

This is part 3 of 3 in my series about how our bodies evolved to look like they do. Check out the others:

Part 1 - Why your brain is in your head https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdNE4WygyAk
Part 2 - Consider the upside-down lobster https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYbJqYVtRyA

More info:

Left-Right asymmetry in embryonic development: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15582774

Development of the asymmetric human: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=331635&fileId=S1062798705000682

Role of cilia and fluid flow: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24091059

Situs inversus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_inversus
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06..../04/science/growing-

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Post Producer - Stephanie Noone
Editing/Motion Graphics - Arts+Labor, Austin, TX
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Music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

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If everyone would just put more in the recycling bin instead of the trash can, the world would be a better place. Right? Well, that’s not exactly true. For many items that end up in the recycling bin, you’ve actually created more trash by trying to recycle them. You’ve also made it harder to recycle the stuff that CAN be saved, and basically demonstrated that recycling is broken… at least the way we do it today. Here’s how we can fix it.

What can you recycle? Some helpful links:
https://www.recyclenow.com/
https://www.wm.com/us/en/insid....e-wm/recycle-right/r

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....recycling-is-broken/

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
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What can you do to make the oceans plastic-free?
(HINT: Hitting the subscribe button uses zero plastic)
↓↓↓Check the resources below ↓↓↓

Ocean plastic pollution is a massive environmental problem. Millions of tons of plastic waste enter the ocean every year, even plastic that goes in the trash can often ends up in the sea! This week we learn about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and look at the dangers ocean plastic poses to ocean animals. Plus, a few tips for you to reduce your own plastic use!

Plastic Oceans Foundation: http://www.plasticoceans.org/

United Nations “Clean Seas” program: http://www.cleanseas.org/

The 5 Gyres Institute: https://www.5gyres.org/

Lonely Whale Foundation: https://www.lonelywhale.org/

Take this quiz to learn about your plastic impact: https://www.nytimes.com/intera....ctive/2016/science/b

10 ways to reduce plastic pollution: https://www.nrdc.org/stories/1....0-ways-reduce-plasti

The no plastic straw pledge: http://www.plasticpollutioncoa....lition.org/no-straw-

Ocean plastic pollution resources from Monterey Bay Aquarium: https://www.montereybayaquariu....m.org/conservation-a

What will it take to get plastic out of the ocean? https://ensia.com/features/wha....t-will-it-take-to-ge

Resources for teachers: https://www.montereybayaquariu....m.org/education/teac


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REFERENCES:

Cózar, Andrés, et al. "Plastic debris in the open ocean." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.28 (2014): 10239-10244.

Jamieson, Alan J., et al. "Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna." Nature Ecology & Evolution 1 (2017): 0051.

Jambeck, Jenna R., et al. "Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean." Science 347.6223 (2015): 768-771.

“Moby-Duck” by Donovan Hohn (Harper’s Magazine) http://harpers.org/archive/200....7/01/moby-duck/?sing

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

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You can learn more about your personal DNA story by going to https://23andMe.com/okay

↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

Why do we love people we're related to? Compared to strangers, why do we feel such a deep sense of connection with our family members? Sure, they're nice to us, we take care of each other, and we often live with them, but there has to be a deeper biological reason. That reason, unsurprisingly is evolution. In this video, I explain why taking care of our family, or even dying for them, makes sense in the eyes of evolution.

SOURCES:
This video covers more than a half century of evolutionary biology theory and observation, but here's some reading if you'd like to learn more:

Dawkins, Richard. (1976) "The Selfish Gene" http://amzn.to/2Dhd257

Fisher, R. A. (1930). "The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection" http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880368061

Haldane, J.B.S. (1932). "The Causes of Evolution." London: Longmans, Green & Co.

Hamilton, W. D. (1963). "The evolution of altruistic behavior." The American Naturalist, 97(896), 354-356.

Hamilton, W. D. (1964). "The genetical evolution of social behaviour I." Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7(1), 1-16.


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It's Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Stephanie Keep
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Orsak
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Thank you to Blinkist for supporting PBS. For more information and trial go to http://www.blinkist.com/OkayToBeSmart.

“In Our Nature” is a NEW special limited series on It’s Okay To Be Smart!
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↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

Seemingly distant ecosystems, even half a world apart, are connected in surprising ways. In this special limited series, Emily Graslie and Trace Dominguez join me as we explore the universal rules of life that tie together Earth’s living systems. In episode 3, we look at ecosystems at their largest and smallest scales of time and size from the Serengeti to Andrews Experimental Forestin Oregon. How does the cycling of nutrients and molecules make life possible on Earth? Who are these recyclers and scavengers? Sometimes this recycling happens fast and violently, and sometimes it happens slow and beautifully.

In Our Nature is a special miniseries produced by It’s Okay To Be Smart for PBS. Stay tuned for more episodes coming this summer, here on our YouTube channel!

Original Production Funding provided by: Anne Ray Foundation, a Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropy

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What you need to know about one of nature's scariest viruses.

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

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Read David Quammen's "Ebola": http://amzn.to/1wBLmzw

Ebola infection/death simulation from Washington Post: http://bit.ly/ebola_sim

Read the original 1976 case report describing the first Ebola patient: http://1.usa.gov/1svWp7i

Ebola outbreak disease info and case counts: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/o....utbreaks/2014-west-a

Ebola Deeply (a calm take on Ebola news): http://www.eboladeeply.org/

How contagious is Ebola? http://www.npr.org/blogs/healt....h/2014/10/02/3529837

Ebola outbreak and symptoms FAQ from WHO: http://bit.ly/1td3TBn

Can Ebola go airborne? No. http://www.virology.ws/2014/09..../18/what-we-are-not-

Ebola: What we should and shouldn't be worried about http://www.wired.com/2014/10/e....bola-virus-infection

Hi-tech Ebola treatments: http://arstechnica.com/science..../2014/08/bio-high-te

The political effects of Ebola in West Africa: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10..../14/world/africa/ebo

Maps of infectious disease vs. public health spending: http://ted.tumblr.com/post/996....54182795/heres-what-

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Graham Hutchins - Editing/Motion Graphics
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

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The finest burritos in the world are made in San Francisco’s Mission District. But how can you get a hot & fresh one in New York City in time for lunch? Physics, that’s how. For this very serious and scientific video, we dug a classic documentary out of the vault that tells the story of the transcontinental burrito tunnel, and its successor, the transcontinental burrito hypertunnel. They are both true marvels of physics. Oh, and they aren’t real… but the science is.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....burrito-tunnel-refer

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...and other Christmas mysteries answered with science!
Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

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Happy Holidays! Ever wonder how Santa could possibly manage to deliver all those presents in a single night? Or what gives red-nosed reindeer the ability to fly? And why do your Christmas lights get tangled in knots no matter how carefully you put the away?!

Here's some Christmas-themed science, as our gift to you. See you in 2015!

SOURCES:
Why Christmas lights tangle: "Spontaneous knotting of an agitated string" http://www.pnas.org/content/104/42/16432

Apollo 8 "Santa sighting" https://archive.org/details/Apollo8Highlights

Santa's reindeer are probably female: http://www.livescience.com/321....49-are-santas-reinde

Reindeer hair is hollow and "buoyant" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6150798

Reindeer really do have red noses: http://www.bmj.com/content/345..../bmj.e8311.full.pdf+

Reindeer eyes change color: http://phenomena.nationalgeogr....aphic.com/2013/10/29

Santa's challenge (check my math!): http://bit.ly/1sOW15q

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc
Kate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

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You can learn more at https://curiositystream.com/smart
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I love coffee. Like, a lot. You know who else loves coffee? Astronauts! And also the people who help them do awesome things in space (I think NASA might be powered by coffee). But how do astronauts actually drink coffee in space, aboard the International Space Station, in microgravity? I visited astronaut Don Pettit to learn about his invention for having a cup o’ Joe in orbit. This is some awesome science.
#space #coffee #nasa

Special thanks to Don Pettit and NASA!

Don’s collaborator on this research is Mark Weislogel from Portland State University. Learn more about Mark’s research here: https://www.pdx.edu/profile/mark-weislogel

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