In this video, I use diffusion cubes to show why cells are so small. A small cell with a large surface area to volume ratio can efficiently move materials into the cell.

Diffusion is a type of passive transport that cells use in order to move materials like oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the cell.
A cell with a larger surface area to volume ratio is more efficient a moving material than a cell with a smaller ratio.

Here is my recipe for the diffusion blocks
gelatin
Ammonia
Phenolphthalein
If you soak the diffusion cubes in vinegar then the phenolphthalein will turn pink when it comes in contact with the vinegar which allows you to see the rate of diffusion.

Twenty or thirty minutes of exercise can make you increase your focus, motivation to learn, and improve your mood.
Regular exercise can increase these three neurotransmitters
In very simple terms dopamine impacts your level of motivation. Low levels of dopamine can result in low levels of motivation
High levels increase motivation.
Motivation is key to learning new material
Serotonin impacts your mood, anger, and depression. Low levels can lead to depression and higher levels can improve your mood which impacts your ability to learn

Norepinephrine naw·reh·puh·neh·fruhn impacts your ability to focus
Low levels led to dull focus, high levels sharpen your focus

20 or 30 minutes of aerobic exercise has been described as miracle gro for the brain.

So let’s apply this knowledge with a couple of suggestions to help you start brainstorming

Before your next study session get your heart rate elevated for 20 or 30 minutes then start studying

Take your flashcards on a brisk walk and memorize while walking

While studying take exercise breaks while you study. It could be as simple as dancing, or jumping jacks during the break.
You may enjoy " Activities to Improve Your Brain
https://youtu.be/4z1LMRjajaI

Record your notes on your phone, put in your earbuds, go for a walk, and learn your notes.
The opportunities are endless, just combine 20 or 30 minutes of exercise with learning new material.

Picture Dean Karnazas
https://www.flickr.com/photos/dherholz/247523092

Picture Miracle Gro
https://www.flickr.com/photos/....jeepersmedia/1495730

Walking water is a fun experiment in which paper towels transfer water from one cup to another. When you use different color water it makes the demonstration interesting.
In science experiments, you have three main variables. The independent, dependent, and control or constant variables.
The walking water experiment will help you learn about these variables.

More examples of Science Variables
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2019/02/learn-scienc

Which animals belong in phylum Chordata?
Most people describe chordates as having a backbone.
Technically, all chordates have a notochord A notochord is a primitive beginning to the backbone.
In some chordates like the lamprey, the notochord remains there for life. In vertebrates, such as humans, and mammals a more complex backbone appears and only portions of the notochord remain.
Chordates also have a nerve chord.
There are many types of chordates but most can be classified as chordates who have jaws.
Most people are familiar with these chordates

Fish
Most also breathe with gills and have scales that cover their bodies
Fish are cold-blooded.
The cartilaginous fishes. Examples: sharks, rays.
The skeleton of the cartilaginous fish is out of a flexible bone- cartilage.
The bony fishes. Examples: perch, goldfish, trout.

Reptiles
Scaley skin
Reptiles produce shelled eggs or bear live young.
All species fertilize eggs internally.
All species of reptiles have at least one lung.

Amphibians
Have smooth slimy skin
Some species fertilize eggs externally, some internally.
Many can breathe through skins and have lungs

Mammals
Are endothermic.
Have hair on their bodies.
Produce milk to feed their babies.
Most produce offspring internally

Aves ( Birds)
Birds have Feathers.
All birds have wings, but not all birds fly.
Most birds have beaks or bills.
All birds lay eggs

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Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
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For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

Many students dissect owl pellets in order to see what an owl eats.
I thought it would be helpful to create a food web of the owl. Owls are pretty incredible hunters and eat moles,shrews,rats,small birds along with some insects and even a weasel.
The rodents, in turn, eat snails,slugs,salamanders, and other insects.
The insects eat plants and maybe a worm. The sun drives the entire food web.

Fantastic Owl Facts
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2016/11/fantastic-ow

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Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
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For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

The ocean has many currents underneath the surface. One way these currents are created is by the difference in temperature of the water. Cold water is denser than warm or hot water and will flow underneath the warmer water.
This circulation of the ocean caused by changes in temperature is called Thermohaline circulation (THC)

Thermohaline circulation results as a result of differences in the density of the different temperatures of the water. These differences result in ocean stratification.


In this video, I use a container that is divided into two chambers to show how water flows.

Here are keywords you can use to order a similar container

Ward's® Exploring Convection Currents Lab Activity

Ocean Stratification Experiment

Learn how to find the circumference of a circle along with the formula for radius and what diameter is.
You can use pi times diameter or 2pi radius squared

Why do we have sunny weather one day and heavy rain the next? Large air masses cause some of our weather. There are four main fronts caused by these air masses.
A cold front which is the result of cold air
A warm front which is caused by warm air rising over cold air.
An occluded front which is a warm air mass stuck between two air masses.
A stationary front which is two air masses with almost the same density and pushes against each other.

Solve percent word problems. These word problems can be solved using part over whole equal percent over 100.
Example problems include,
Martin was given 10 math problems and has answered 7 of the questions. What percent of the problems does he have left?

The Braves won 60% of the 150 games they played. How many games did they win?

There are 32 students in Mr. B’s class. 28 students were present. What percent of Mr. B’s students were present?

Learn how to find the area of a composite figure that has triangle shapes

Steps for cloning an animal
How Dolly the sheep was cloned and what we learned.
20 years ago Dolly the step was cloned from two sheets.
Here is how they cloned this sheep.
First, they took cells from the udder of one sheep. They grew these cells in the lab.
Next, they took the egg from another sheep and removed the nucleus.
These stopped cells were fused together and inserted into a female sheep who gave birth.

Keywords: Cloning dolly dolly the sheep
Clone nucleus
human cloning cloned sheep animal cloning embryonic stem cells
cloned animal somatic cell transfer
clone animals identical twins bioethics science ethics
sheep

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Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
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For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

How we digest our food.
Digestion begins in the mouth. Your teeth chew the food and saliva is added.
From the mouth, the food travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
At the stomach, the hydrochloric acid helps break down the food into chyme.
From the stomach, the liquid chyme travels to the small intestine where the liver and gallbladder add bile and the pancreas adds enzymes.
From the small intestine, the food travels to the large intestine and then the rectum.

Updated video
https://youtu.be/EmdKuBvGnak
Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2020/10/the-path-of-

Seahorses are really cool fish. They have a head that looks like a horse, a tail that wraps around objects and armour. Another really interesting fact is that the male gives birth.

Learn how to find the square root of 64. I like to use a factor tree in order to find all of the prime factors. Then you can pull out pairs of numbers and multiply them together.

In this video I would like to talk about the history of microscopes.During the 1590s, the two spectacle-makers, Hans and Zacharias Jansen began experimenting. They put lenses in a tube and made a very important discovery. They discovered that objects near the end of the tube appeared to be enlarged, much larger than any simple magnifying glass could achieve alone.

In the 1660’s Robert Hooke began looking at all kinds of objects with his microscope.
He put all of his drawings in a book called Micrographia
He is credited with naming cells but also studied items like fleas under his microscope.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek was very good at grinding and polishing lenses.
These lenses led to the building of his microscope which was considered the first practical microscope.
In 1674 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see and describe bacteria.
Another huge advance in microscopes didn’t occur until German physicist Ernst Ruska and the electrical engineer Max Knoll constructed the prototype electron microscope in 1931, capable of four-hundred-power magnification.
Electron microscopes uses accelerated electrons in order to view objects.
Modern electron microscopes can magnify objects up to 10 million times

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Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
*
*
For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

Hurricanes also called tropical cyclones are amazing, powerful storms that can bring destruction and misery to an area hit by the hurricane. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that 1.2 million Americans live in coastal areas at risk of “substantial damage” from hurricanes
In this video I will look at the causes these tremendous storms?
In the northern hemisphere most hurricanes will begin to form around the equator off the coast of west africa.
The official hurricane season is between June 1 and November 3o
Why do hurricanes occur during this time period.?
The reason is that hurricanes need the ocean surface temperature to be at least 79-degree Fahrenheit.
In addition, you need high pressure above the hurricane and low wind shear.
Between June and November both of these conditions are meet often
Hurricanes are like giant engines that use warm, moist air as fuel. That is why they form over warm ocean waters near the equator. The warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the surface. As the warm air rises a low-pressure system is created.
Air from surrounding areas with higher air pressure pushes into the low-pressure area. Then that "new" air becomes warm and moist and rises, too. As the warmed, moist air rises and cools off, the water in the air forms clouds. The whole system of clouds and wind spins and grows, fed by the ocean's heat and water evaporating from the surface
Tradewinds which blow across the equator help push the storm along.
The hurricane will rotate in an in a counterclockwise fashion in the north due to the Coriolis effect.
The Coriolis effect is caused by the earth's rotation and curves air in the northern hemisphere to the right.
The hurricane will continue to move across the ocean and pick up strength if the water temperature remains above 79 degrees, high pressure remains above the storm, and there is moisture to fuel the storm.
Hurricane strength is measured by wind speed and barometric pressure.
The minimum wind speed to be classified as a hurricane is 74 degrees and category 5 hurricanes have a wind speed greater than 157 miles per hour.
As a general guideline, September is the peak month for hurricanes because of the warm surface temperatures during this month.

Learn what the square root of 5 is, plus how to simplify the square root and the decimal value. I also review how to estimate the square root of 5. I like to use a factor tree when simplifying a radical.

The nucleolus is a region in the nucleus that contains RNA. See this dark spot in the onion cell? That is the nucleus, one of the few organelles you can see with an inexpensive microscope. If you look carefully at the nucleus you may see a dark spot. This is the nucleolus and it is found in eukaryotic cells.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
It has been described as the brain of the nucleus and contains RNA.
Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2020/08/what-is-nucl

Onion Cell Picture
https://www.flickr.com/photos/kaibara/3839720754

The path of food through the digestive system.
Digestion starts at the mouth, travels down the esophagus, enters the stomach, passes through the small intestine, and then the colon. Along the way fats are broken down, sugars are converted, and important nutrients are absorbed by villi and transported by capillaries.

00:00 Introduction to the digestive system
00:30 Digestion begins in the mouth
1:07 Food travels to the stomach
1:31 Enzymes and Bile are added at the small intestine
2:39 Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine
2:59 Finally water and fats are absorbed at the large intestine

Saprotroph and detrivore are important decomposers that help recycle organic matter.
Saprotrophs include bacteria and fungi. These biotic factors release enzymes that break down the detritus.
Detritivores must ingest the decaying matter before decomposing it.
Both of these decomposers help recycle nutrients in an ecosystem.