At the apex of the First World War, technology and innovation often decided the outcome of the many brutal skirmishes witnessed along the Western Front. Tank warfare, in particular, emerged as a field of great interest to the warring powers as they sought for a way to break the deadlock of static, entrenched combat. As the first tank produced and fielded en-masse during the conflict, the British Mark IV Tank would change the state of war forever. This is the true story of one such tank, affectionately nicknamed the 'Fray Bentos.' Beached before the enemy during the Battle of Passchendaele, the brave crew of the Fray Bentos were forced to endure a 3-day siege - completely cut off from Allied lines. Trapped inside the cramped, smoggy landship, the men desperately fended off multiple ground assaults from their determined German foes. Today, the 'Fray Bentos Boys' are officially recognised as the most decorated tank crew of WW1 - having participated in the war's longest tank engagement.

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Desmond Doss was not your average hero.
He would become a Medal of Honor recipient, the United States of America's highest and most prestigious military award, as a combat medic who saved many of his comrades lives in battle without firing a single shot - because he did not take a weapon into combat because of his religious beliefs.


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Drums of the Deep Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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'Devastation and Revenge', 'Hero Down', by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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At the end of 1941 in reaction to the German invasion, Stalin ordered the formation of sapper or engineer brigades in the Red Army.
During the offensive, they were tasked with constructing obstacles such as anti-tank hedgehogs and mines to slow down the German tanks and infantry.

Assault Sappers proved themselves in many battles from Kursk to Berlin, especially where standard units had no success.

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The United States invasion of Panama in late 1989 was an intervention carried out with the aim to maintain Washington's dominance in Latin America. Among other countries in the region, Panama was of particular importance to the United States. It was primarily because of the Panama Canal that connects the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean and was significant for both American military and economic interests.

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It must be difficult to have been the heavenly leaders of North Korea for all time. So what does one unwind as an eternal leader? From brutal executions, opening zoos, to hiring foreign NBA stars, here are some of the memorable moments during the reign of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-Il and Kim Jong-un.



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Bibliography

Dean, Sam. “Hennessy, Giant Rabbits, and Mythical Rice.” Bon Appetit. Accessed December 19, 2022.
Fitz-Gibbon, Jorge. “The Craziest and Most Outrageous Kim Jong Un Facts and Rumors.” New York Post. New York Post, August 17, 2020.
Lan'kov, Andrej N. Crisis in North Korea: The Failure of De-Stalinization, 1956. Honolulu: Univ. of Hawai'i Press, 2007.
MailOnline, Julian Robinson for. “Trim Jong-Un: North Koreans Have a Choice of 15 Haircuts.” Daily Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, April 19, 2017.
“North Korea Immigration Statistics 1960-2022.” MacroTrends. Accessed December 19, 2022.
“North Korea's New Star: Azalea the Smoking Chimp at Pyongyang Zoo.” NBCNews.com. NBCUniversal News Group, October 19, 2016.
Poorest countries in the world 2022. Accessed December 19, 2022.
“Pyongyang Zoo: KTG®: Korea Central Zoo.” north korea travel. Accessed December 19, 2022.
UK, Huffington Post. “Kim Jong Il: 18 Strange 'Facts' about the North Korean Leader.” HuffPost UK. HuffPost UK, December 19, 2011.

At the dawning of the Second World War, emboldened by the Anschluss, Adolf Hitler turned his focus to the Sudetenland, a heavily industrialised region of Czechoslovakia with a considerable population of ethnic Germans. Fearing the outbreak of another bloody conflict, Britain and France entered into a policy of appeasement with Nazi Germany, engaging in a four-power conference that would culminate in the signing of the Munich Agreement. Ultimately, Hitler would betray the trust of the western powers, and the Munich Agreement is now remembered in history as a byword for the futility of appeasing aggressive, totalitarian states.

The fact that it took place in 1938 should tell you if it was successful or not!


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Sources:
"Neville Chamberlain's "Peace For Our Time" speech". eudocs.lib.byu.edu. 30 September 1938.
Deák, István (2015) [2013]. Europe on Trial: The Story of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution during World War II. London: Routledge
Deák, Ladislav, Hungary's game for Slovakia, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 1996
Douglas, R. M. (2012), Orderly and Humane, New Haven: Yale University Press
Hucker, Daniel (2011). Public Opinion and the End of Appeasement in Britain and France. London: Routledge
K. Robbins, “Konrad Henlein, the Sudeten Question and British Foreign Policy”, Historical Journal, 1969
Kenety, Brian (14 April 2005). "Memories of World War II in the Czech Lands: the expulsion of Sudeten Germans". Radio Praha
Noakes, J.; Pridham, G. (2010) [2001]. Nazism 1919–1945: Foreign Policy War, and Racial Extermination. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Devon: University of Exeter Press.

History Mystery: The Dyatlov Pass incident (1959)

In the local cemetery of Yekaterinburg is a group grave dating back to 1959 containing the bodies of 9 members from the Ural Polytechnical Institute who all died in mysterious circumstances while hitchhiking in the north Ural Mountain range. What caused their deaths in this history mystery?

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Over the past few centuries, weapons technology has progressed by leaps and bounds, and recently developed equipment that is only a few years old runs the risk of becoming obsolete.
In this modern age of near constant innovation, the shield, a piece of technology with its origins in the distant past, has been given a new purpose even in the twenty-first century.

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Perhaps even more harrowing than the progression towards these new weapons, was the regression back towards the basic weapons from the past. In stark contrast to the advancing technology of the twentieth century, many soldiers who were stuck in the close-corridors of trench warfare found themselves back in the medieval era.

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Battle of Brisbane
November 26-27, 1942
World War Two
During the pacific campaign of WWII, the American alliance with Australia was an important element of the allied Forces efforts to work together. Lying within reach of the Malay Archipelago and other Japanese controlled territories, Australia was a perfect base for the American Military to establish themselves.
It would serve as a starting point for the Pacific Campaign, along with deploying troops and equipment to the frontline of the fighting. The alliance between the two countries that was forged during the war has remained solid ever since however this was not always the case.


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The incredible true story of Solomon Perel, a Jewish teenager who at the height of the Second World War found refuge in the most unlikely of places, among the ranks of the German Wehrmacht itself. Solomon, affectionately nicknamed 'Sally' by his family and friends, would spend the entirety of the war hiding in plain sight first as a member of the German infantry and later as a well-respected member of the Hitler Youth. As the Jewish population was hunted all around him, Solomon was forced to live in constant fear that his secret would be exposed and his life extinguished. Discover the remarkable ventures and challenges that lay before Solomon as he coped with life in Nazi Germany and wrestled to protect his hidden identity.

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Sources
Karlin, Wayne. “Wandering Souls.” Manoa 19, no. 2 (2007): 108–25.

Whittaker, James O. “Psychological Warfare in Vietnam.” Political Psychology, vol. 18, no. 1, [International Society of Political Psychology, Wiley], 1997, pp. 165–79,

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Salomon was not truly recognised for his selfless heroism and sacrifice until 2002, nearly sixty years after his death, when he was finally awarded America’s highest military honour, the Medal of Honor.

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‘Potemkin Village’ is a term used to describe a fake propaganda village that nations build to impress foreigners.
Kijong-Dong

Kijŏng-dong
기정동
機井洞

The village was built within sighting range of the Korean Demilitarized Zone when the Korean Peninsula divided into two in 1953.
This Potemkin fake village was built by the North Korean founder, first eternal leader, Kim Il-sung who ruled the nation until his death in 1994.


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Music Credit:

Gnarled Situation by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Finding the Balance by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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With the outbreak of the First World War, the idea of creating an armored fighting vehicle was born as a solution to the static nature of trench warfare.
It was the beginning of the Age of Tanks.
These first tanks, even though unwieldy and capricious, paved the way towards the tanks that would become a dominant force on the battlefield.
On the other hand, in these early days of tank development, there were also concepts completely different to tanks that we know today.
One such model was the Russian Tsar Tank - an armored vehicle whose name did not live up to its awkward design.

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Five Armies Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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November 22, 1963
12:30 p.m.
The Warren Report concluded that the Assassin Lee Harvey Oswald had fired three shots: one that entered Kennedy’s neck and exited through his throat before hitting Connally, one that hit Kennedy in the back of the head -the fatal shot, and one that missed.

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During World War Two, the German Army used over 70 different types of armored fighting vehicles.
Some of them gained iconic status and were produced in their thousands.
Others never got beyond the gates of the testing grounds.
There were marvelous examples of technical engineering among the prototype vehicles, and there were those that were just downright bizarre .
One of these was the Kugelpanzer, a spherical tank produced as a ‘one off’.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Dejan Milivojevic
Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Animation: Maja Djokic

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner

Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Music Credit:

'BTS Prolog' , 'Ghostpocalypse - 6 Crossing the Threshold' by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://freepd.com/Unclassified/BTS%20Prolog
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Sources:



Justin M. Harris, American Soldiers and POW Killing in the European Theater of World War II, Thesis, San Marco, 2009

Lorenzo, Ronald, The Puritan Culture of America’s Military, New York, 2016

Borch, Fred L. War Crimes in Sicily: Sergeant West, Captain Compton, and the Murder of Prisoners of War in 1943, The Army Lawyer, March 2013

Mikaberidze, Alexander, Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia, Volume II, Santa Barbara, CA, 2013.

Massacre at Biscari: Patton and an American War Crime
James J. Weingartner
The Historian
Vol. 52, No. 1 (NOVEMBER 1989), pp. 24-39

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There was a tendency to make big, strong and heavy shields that could protect a soldier’s entire body. It also had to be able to be moved around the battlefield. The only solution was to put wheels on them. These were to be known as mobile shields.
Their purpose was to provide cover to one or several soldiers that were advancing across the field or no-man's land. The idea of shields on wheels was actually born a few decades earlier, during the Cuban War, when US troops used the first movable shields.

The idea was adopted by the British and French armies and brought into service during WW1. Even though all designs included heavy steel plates that were capable of withstanding small arms fire, their use was questionable in reality.


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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Dejan Milivojevic
Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Conan White
Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Animation: Maja Djokic