Mesozoic EraIn this video I would like to talk about the Mesozoic era on the geologic time scale.
The Mesozoic era is part of the Phanerozoic Eon along with the Paleozoic and Cenozoic eras.
Mesozoic means “middle animals” and is a time of rapid change.
This era has also been called the age of reptiles and age of dinosaurs
The Mesozoic era was roughly 65 million years to 250 million years ago.
Let’s hit several highlights of this era
The Mesozoic era began after a mass extinction.
The shape of the continents looked different. At the beginning of this era, there was a super
Continent called Pangea. Over time this supercontinent broke apart and the continents started drifting apart.
The climate was warmer than today
The first mammals appear but are very small and they don’t begin to thrive until the Cenozoic era.
Dinosaurs also appear and begin to scatter and prosper.
The dinosaur population peaks during this era.
However, at the end of this era, the dinosaurs die off
The first birds appear and begin to scatter throughout the world.
The dominant plant is a cone-bearing tree and plants
At the end of this era, flowering plants begin to appear
So there we go the Mesozoic era,
Dinosaurs and cone-bearing plants

3 Laws of motion
in this video, I cover real-life examples of the three laws of motion.
Law 1 or the law of Inertia—states that matter wants to resist any change in motion
The speed or motion of an object will not change unless an outside force acts on it.
For example, this bowling ball would travel in straight line forever, but the friction of the floor, and air, plus the pins are outside forces and change the velocity of the bowling ball.
Astronauts appear to float in space because there is very little gravity pulling down on them So when they change their velocity upward the force of gravity is not pulling down on them and they can float.

If you are driving a car and it hits another car, the car stops but the people inside keep moving forward.
The outside force has acted on the car and not the person in the car. This is the same way a catapult works. The lever stops but the object keeps moving.

Law 2 of Motion

Newton’s 2nd Law: “The acceleration of an object depends on the force acting on it_ and the mass of the object

There is an equation associated with this law:

F= ma
Force = mass multiplied by acceleration

Think of shopping for groceries. The mass of an empty shopping cart is less than a full shopping cart so takes much less force to push the empty cart compared to pushing a cart that is filled up with stuff

Law Three

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion --“For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

As the boy jumps down on the trampoline the trampoline pushes back in the opposite direction and causes the boy to go in the opposite direction.

As the balloon hits the ground the ground pushes back in an opposite direction which causes the balloon to change direction and move in the opposite direction.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XNJDJTvenY

Wetlands are transitional lands between lands and other bodies of water.
There are four main types of wetlands
Marsh
Swamp
Fen
Bog
You may also enjoy: Freshwater Ecosystems
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwP1zxnKb14

Your vision allows you to see the world around you.
Light passes through your cornea through your pupil, which is controlled by your cornea to your retina.
Your brain then takes this information and converts it to an image.
Key Vocabulary covered
Iris, cornea, pupil, rods, cones, retina, vision, occipital lobe, optic nerve
Transcript of the video
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2020/02/how-does-hum

After passing through the small intestine food travels into the large intestine.
Your large intestine is roughly 9 feet in length but gets it’s name because it has a larger diameter than the small intestine.
Your large intestine is also called the colon.
The large intestine is divided into several sections.

Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2021/01/all-about-la

Difference between Organic and Inorganic Compounds
Organic compounds contain carbon. There are at least four important organic compounds, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and usually are more simple compounds.
There are some compounds that contain carbon and are inorganic like carbon dioxide.
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For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

Introduction to metabolism | Biology|
You may have heard that you have a fast metabolism or a slow metabolism

But what exactly is your metabolism?

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions within the cells of living things.
Take a look at this summary of all of the chemical reactions taking place in a human.
The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into pathways in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, with the help of enzymes.
An example of a pathway is cellular respiration in which glucose and oxygen are transformed into carbon dioxide water and ATP which is used for energy

You can break metabolism down into three main categories.

The chemical reactions used for the conversion of food to energy
The conversion of food into building blocks used to make items like proteins
The chemical reactions needed for the elimination of waste

Enzymes are crucial to metabolism Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products.
Almost all chemical reactions in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life
There are over 5000 chemical reactions that occur in plants,animals, and microbes that are controlled by enzymes.

Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from three basic classes of molecule: amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids
Many chemical reactions focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues, or by breaking them down and using them as a source of energy during digestion and cellular respiration.

These chemicals can also be joined together to make DNA and proteins.

So there you go metabolism the sum of chemical reactions that take place in living things.
Take a journey to the cell
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QS274gwv_Sc

The relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthsis

What are diatoms?
Diatoms are a major group of algae and are among the most common types of phytoplankton.

Diatoms are unicellular organism, although they can form colonies
They have cell walls made of glass

Diatoms belong to kingdom Protista

There are at least 100,000 species of diatoms have been discovered,
Diatoms exist in large numbers in most bodies of water throughout the world. In fact, just one quart of seawater can contain millions of diatoms
They are primary producers and create and are a very large food source in the ocean


Diatoms are autotrophs and produce energy by photosynthesis.As a result,, diatoms need sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. They are found in the ocean, fresh water, and even moist topsoil

Many Diatoms are microscopic, but some measure a millimeter across.

Diatoms contribute enormous amounts of oxygen to our atmosphere.

Two basic forms of these organisms exist. They are known as Centrales Centrales have radial symmetry and are most often found in oceans and are wheel-shaped. They can be found drifting near the surface, sunlight and absorbing nutrients.Pennales tend to be elongated

Many Pennales live in fresh water streams, swamps, ditches, or on the bottoms of shallow regions of oceans and estuaries.

You may also enjoy....
Plankton
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NiiJ7X322U&t=20s

Difference between monocot vs dicot
Angiosperms are plants that have flowers and seeds encased in fruit.
Angiosperms can be divided into to major categories, monocots and dicots.
Monocots have one cotyledon and dicots have two cotyledons.

You may enjoy
Parts of a flower crossword puzzle
http://www.moomoomath.com/flow....er-parts-crossword-p
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For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

Igneous Rocks explained in simple terms with examples.
In this video. I cover intrusive and extrusive along with mafic and felsic.
You can classify igneous rocks is to determine if the rock is mafic or felsic.
Classifying as mafic or felsic is actually a scale of the percent of silica found in the rock
0% to 45% is considered mafic and 65% or greater silica is felsic
45 to 65 is considered intermediate.
Mafic rocks are dark in color and felsic rocks are lighter in color
The names give you a clue as to what other minerals make up these rocks
Mafic can be broken in MA for magnesium and fic which is Latin for iron

Felsic is broken into fel for feldspar and sic for silica
In the video, I take a look at some mafic and felsic igneous rocks.

Learn the difference between prime and composite numbers. All whole numbers greater than one can be classified as prime or composite numbers.
Prime numbers have only factors one and itself. A composite number has other factors other than itself and one. So let's look at some examples. Let's look at 4 and 5
Four is divisible by 1 and four is divisible by 2 so four is a composite number
5 is divisible by 1 but it is odd so it is not divisible by 2 or any other number so 5 is prime.

More information
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2022/02/difference-p

Description of the major plate boundaries.
In the video, I include description of convergent boundaries. There are three types of convergent boundaries, continental to continental, oceanic to continental, and oceanic to oceanic.
Divergent boundaries are when lithospheric plates move away from each other.
Transform boundaries slide past one another.

How Tectonic Plates Move
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2021/03/how-tectonic
Plate Boundaries
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2020/02/6-plate-boun

In this video, I answer the question, " what makes an amphibian an amphibian?" Learn about the main characteristics of amphibians. Examples of amphibians include frogs,salamanders,newts,toads, and cecillians. All amphibians are vertebrates that can go through some type of metamorphasis.

More about Amphibians
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2022/04/amphibians.h

We are in the middle of tornado season. Although tornados can be fascinating, they can be very dangerous.

What does a chemical equation tell you?
A chemical equation is the written expression of a chemical reaction.Welcome to MooMooMath and Science
In this video I would like to talk about chemical equations.
Chemical reactions occur all around us.
They can be exciting like these fireworks, also helpful like these fires..
A chemical reaction can be represented using a chemical equation.
Let's breakdown this chemical equation and see what information it contains.
First,the reactants are on the left of the arrow and products are on the right of the arrow
This equation has methane which is ch4 combining with oxygen which is O2
The plus marks on the left of the arrow tells which elements or compounds are combining
The arrow tells you what it will produce or yield. The right side of the arrow are your products or what is produced
The products in this equation are co2 which is carbon dioxide and h2o or water.
Each capital letter represents a new element and each element has a symbol. The symbol for every element can be found on the periodic table.
A number behind a letter tells is a subscript and represents how many ions of the element are in the chemical equation
H20 tells you that the compound has two hydrogens and 1 oxygen
What do the numbers in front of a letter tell you?
Coefficients are the numbers in front of the formulas
the coefficients give the number of moles of each substance involved in the reaction. In the example reaction 2 H2 + O2 yields 2 H2O
two moles of hydrogen react with one mole of oxygen and produce two moles of water.
Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
In other words it must be balanced.
If you count the atoms with this reaction you will notice that it is not balanced.
This new equation is balanced because you have equal numbers of elements on both sides.
I will leave a note in the show notes for a video I created on balancing equations.
You can also indicate the physical states of the reactants and products
Here are some symbols
S = solid
l = liquid
g = gas
and aq = dissolved in water
In this chemical equation you have a solid plus a liquid and it produces a hydrogen gas dissolved in water.
So there you go
chemical equations
Reactants on the left, products on the right

Many single-cell organisms, some plants, bacteria, and even animals have the ability to make copies of themselves.
In this video, I explain how fission, budding, spores, and regeneration allow unicellular and multicellular items to make copies of themselves.

Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2019/01/asexual-repr

https://moomoomath.com/asexual-reproduction/

Learn the positives and negatives of nuclear power.
In the ’70s people started getting excited about nuclear energy because it has the technology required to be used on a large scale.
In fact, nuclear energy accounts for roughly 21% of the electricity produced in the US.
Compare this to all of the other renewables like solar and wind which combined only produce 12%
But, nuclear power has a dark side

Nuclear Energy Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2021/12/nuclear-ener

Types of Faults in Geology explained and animated.
In this video, I cover strike-slip fault, normal fault and reverse fault.

In this video, I cover the factors that impact population size. A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a certain area.

Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2021/03/factors-that