Genotype and phenotypesYour genotype is your genetic code of your cells. This genetic code is responsible for many of your traits. The physical expression of your genotype is your phenotype.


Your genetic information is stored in your chromosomes on sections called genes.
A gene is a portion of DNA that codes for a trait.
The following picture illustrates this.
If you look at this drawing of a gene, the different sections are your genes.
In genetics you will encounter these three types of genotypes.
Homozygous dominant is written BB
Homozygous recessive bb
Heterozygous Bb
For each trait you get some information from mom and some from dad.
The different forms of the same trait are called alleles.
Take a look at the different hair texture. These different forms are alleles. It is still hair, just different forms.
A dominant allele will cover up or mask a recessive allele.
You will only get a recessive allele if both alleles are recessive.
Your phenotype is the actual expression of the genotype.
For example this dog has a round nose, this cat has black hair. These are physical expression of the genetic code.

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Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
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For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

Learn what an isotope is in chemistry. Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number, which represents the number of protons and position in the periodic table but have different mass numbers due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
In order to find the number of neutrons subtract the number of protons from the mass number.

Animal Behavior- Imprinting

Imprinting is an animal behavior in which new born birds and some mammals follow one of the first objects they see.
First mentioned by Konrad Lorenz it helps animals recognize their mother and other similar animal.
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For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

Millipedes and Centipedes are examples of Myriapods
Myriapoda is a subphylum of Arthropods and include organisms with many legs.

More on Myriapods
https://moomoomath.com/myriapods-characteristics/

Learn about the SI Units of measurement which make up the metric system.
In this video, I cover the 7 base units, the derived units, and the accepted units.
The 7 units are
meter m Length
kilogram kg Mass
second s Time
ampere A Electric Current
kelvin K Thermodynamics temperature
mole mol Amount of substance
candela cd Luminous intensity

Derived Units
https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html

Accepted Units-See page 31
https://www.nist.gov/sites/def....ault/files/documents
Starts on page 31

In your middle school science class or in Earth science you will hear about the lithosphere.
The Lithosphere is the top rigid, rocky portion of our earth
There are two types, the continental lithosphere, and the oceanic lithosphere.

The lithosphere is also divided into large tectonic plates.
These plates were one large continent called Pangea that broke apart.

Quantitative Data vs Qualitative Data

Additional Information on Qualitative vs Quantitative Data
https://moomoomath.com/qualita....tive-vs-quantitative

Data can be divided into two groups called quantitative and qualitative data
Quantitative data is numerical
Qualitative Data id descriptive data
Let’s look at examples of both
Examples of quantitative data would be
The number of pets, time of day, the temperature outside
Quantitative data can be graphed
If you count or measure, you are collecting quantitative data
There are two types of quantitative data, discrete and continuous
Discrete data is usually data you can count and continuous data is usually data you measure. I have a separate video on these two types of data.
Qualitative is descriptive or observations and uses words
For example, the color of a house, smell of a sock, texture of a shirt
Quantitative or Qualitative
Consider a cat
Quantitative Data would be the cat has 4 legs and weighs 10 pounds
Qualitative data would be the cat is yellow, and has soft fur
A bookshelf
Quantitative would be you have 50 books and is 150 centimeters tall.
Qualitative data would be it is multi-color and has a smooth texture

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Qualitative and Quantitative Data
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2X-QSU6-hPU

Quantitative Qualitative Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-S2EiPD4-W0

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Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

Your metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in your body.

In physics, work is equal to force times a distance. The force and the movement must be in the same direction.
Basic Work Problems
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSgSfFtvWN0&t=1s

Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2022/01/what-is-work

Learn the difference between myopia and hyperopia
Myopia which is also called nearsightedness is when you can see items up close clearly and distance objects are blurry.
Hyperopia is the opposite. You can see distant objects clearly and objects that are close are blurry.

Reading a ruler that measures in inches.

Reading a ruler can be a little tricky. What do all of these marks represent?
The ruler is divided into inches which are represented by numbers and then each inch is subdivided into smaller equal units.
In this video, I use a ruler divided into half an inch, one fourth an inch, and one eighth.
With a little practice you will find easy an inch ruler or tape measure can be easy.

Learn to memorize the 11 Organ systems with mnemonic devices in order to memorize 11 body systems. The 11 organ systems are,
Muscular, Urinary, Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine, Reproductive Lymphatic Integumentary, Nervous, and Circulatory

Memory devices line mnemonic devices can be helpful when memorizing lists.

Law conservation mass word problems.
In the video, I show two types of law of conservation word problems. The first problem involves counting atoms and the second problem involves finding the mass of the reactants and the products.
Example problem:
How much oxygen would add with 36g of carbon to give 136g of carbon dioxide?

A simple phosphorus cycle explanation

Phosphorus is not found in the atmosphere. It is important for the production of ATP, DNA, and membrane.
Phosphorus follows a biogeochemical cycle that ensures the earth always has phosphorus and phosphate.
Substances like phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen move from living organisms to abiotic factors This cycling from living organism to abiotic factor is a biogeochemical cycle.

Phosphorus Cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5KqwhX1dvk

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Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
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For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

Biogeochemical Cycles - How the Earth Recycles
https://moomoomath.com/how-the....-earth-recycles-elem

Malleability and Ductility-- Malleability and Ductility
Malleability is the ability of an object to be hammered into shapes.
Most metals are malleable.
Copper, gold, and silver are very malleable.
Ductility is the ability of an object to be stretched into wires.
Ductility and malleability are physical properties.

In this video, I show real-world examples of alleles.
An allele is different forms of the same gene which results in traits that look different.

A trait is a characteristic that can be passed from one generation to another.

The different forms of the same gene are the alleles
How about a couple more real-life examples

Eye color would be the trait
The different color of eyes would be the alleles

The trait is having hair

Black or blonde hair color

Your height is the trait
If you are Six feet or five feet tall

Allele different forms of the same trait.

The cell membrane surrounds the cell and protects the cell, communicates with other cells, and controls what enters and exits the cell.
The cell membrane is made of phospholipids which have a polar and nonpolar end.
The cell membrane also has proteins and carbohydrates.
In this video, I cover what the cell membrane is made of and the structure and function of the cell membrane.

Let's learn about an important yet often overlooked organelle called the cytoskeleton.
As the name implies it is the skeleton of the cell. the cytoskeleton of a cell is a network of filaments running throughout the cell. The cytoskeleton has several different jobs in the cell It helps provide support much like your skeleton provides support It provides tracks or highways for the movement of vesicles and other objects in the cell helps pull the chromosomes apart during mitosis and even helps the cell move. Some single-cell organisms move using cilia made up of cytoskeleton filament.

Learn the relationship between force and distance in the work formula when it is applied to simple machines. Which simple machine requires the least amount of work, a short wedge or a long wedge?

More Information
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2022/03/simple-machi

The MAD is the average distance of all of the elements in a data set from the mean of the same data set
You can think of it as how far each piece of information is from the average
If you look at MAD you have the mean which is the average, the absolute value, and deviation.
The MAD indicates how spread out your data set is.
A large MAD indicates a data set more spread out relative to the mean.
A small MAD indicates a data set less spread out relative to the mean.

This video helps with the following Math Standard
MGSE9-12.S.ID.2 Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center
(median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, mean absolute deviation, standard deviation) of
two or more different data sets.


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Mean Median Mode and Range
https://youtu.be/2N7na6aBvpk