Robert Liston: the surgeon with a 300% mortality rate
How did this man, a world-renowned doctor at the cutting edge of nineteenth-century medicine, come to be the only surgeon with a 300% mortality rate? The statistic is taken from one of his surgeries, which began much like any other day for Liston.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Conan White
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Sources

Books
Robert Liston, Practical Surgery (London, 1837)

Articles
Bill Thomas, ‘Saints and sinners: Robert Liston’, THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND BULLETIN, 94:2 (2012), pp. 64-65.

DJ Coltart, ‘Surgery Between Hunter and Lister: As Exemplified by the Life and Works of Robert Liston (1794-1847)’, Proceedings Royal Society of Medicine, 65 (1972), pp. 26-30.

Reginald Magee, ‘Surgery in the Pre-Anaesthetic Era: The Life and Work of Robert Liston’, Health and History, 2:1 (2000), pp. 121-133.

A Sharee Wright and Pickney J Maxwel, ‘Robert Liston, M.D. (October 28, 1794-December 7, 1847): The Fastest Knife in the West End’, The American Surgeon, 80:1 (2014), pp. 1-2.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner

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Music Credit:
Folk Round by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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Sources:
Medieval Punishments: An Illustrated History of Torture
By William Andrews

Curious Punishments of Bygone Days
By Alice Morse Earle

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Often, the Spetsnaz are thought of as Army commando units.
In reality, however, Spetsnaz are not a specific tactical unit but a more general clandestine force which were deployed at the behest of the Soviet intelligence security services for special missions.

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Created by Daniel Turner

Writer: Dejan Milivojevic
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White, Terry. The Making of the World’s Elite Forces
Timothy Gusinov, ‘Soviet Special Forces (Spetsnaz): Experience in Afghanistan’, Military Review, March-April 2002.
Jack Anderson and Dale Van Atta, ‘Meet ‘Spetsnaz,’ Soviet Special Forces’, The Washington Post, 1986.
Lester W. Grau and Ali Ahmad Jalali, ‘Forbidden Cross-border Vendetta: Spetsnaz Strike into Pakistan during the Soviet-afghan War’, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, (18)4.

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Saigon 1963. On the day of a Monk protest, around 400 Buddhist monks and nuns marched to the intersection carrying banners protesting about the Government oppression of their faith and culture.

Then a car pulled up and three monks got out, one of them being a devout monk called Thích Quang Duc.


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Created by Daniel Turner

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Sources:

Buddhism & Zen in Vietnam: In Relation to the Development of Buddhism in Asia
By Thich Thien-an

The Making of a Quagmire: America and Vietnam During the Kennedy Era
By David Halberstam

Vietnam, a History by Stanley Karnow

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During the Great Patriotic War against the Germans from 1941 to 1945, the Soviet Union mobilized all of its resources to defend the Motherland. Over 34 million people bore arms during the four years of the conflict, including women, old men, and youngsters. It is estimated that thousands of children under the age of 16 years old fought in the ranks of the Red Army. One of them was Sergei “Seryozha” Aleshkov, the youngest soldier of World War Two.




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Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
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After the heavy and hard years of 1941 and 1942 the T-34 would face new challenges and opponents. The new German tanks like the Panther, Ferdinand and King Tiger would pose a serious threat to the steady flow of T-34's coming out from the factories in ever increasing numbers.

But the Soviet designers had several aces in their sleeves. New tank and SPG designs like T-34-85, SU-85, SU-100 were coming in, tipping the balance to the Soviet side. Was the T-34-85 the best tank of the WWII? What advantages and disadvantages did the design have? How did it fare compared to the German tanks? How did the largest tank battle of WWII end? What kind of legacy did the T-34 leave on tank design?

Episode 1
Was the T-34 Really the Best Tank of WW2?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iK73kRstoPg

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Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
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Inhumane Punishments in History
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While the Italian Army tank crews of World War II were undoubtedly brave in combat, they lacked decent, modern day equipment and were hampered by extremely poor leadership.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Conan White
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Bryan 'Lazlo' Beauregard

Animation: Maja Djokic

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Vortex, Crossing the Chasm, - Scoring Action by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Sources:

Books
Italian Medium Tanks 1939-45 by F. Cappellano & P.P. Battistelli
Copyright 2012 Osprey Publishing Ltd.

Italian Light Tanks 1919-45 by F Cappellano & P.P. Battistelli Copyright 2012 Osprey Publishing Ltd.

The Italian Army in North Africa by Walter S. Zapotoczny Copyright 2018

Iron Arm - The Mechanization of Mussolini’s Army 1920-1940 by John Joseph Timothy Sweet Copyright 1980

The Italian Army 1940-45 : Africa 1940-43 by Philip Jowett
Publisher Bloomsbury USA 2001

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Let's investigate if the Soviets were in Vietnam...

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https://pastebin.com/NpvqSJXT

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)

Script Writer: Natasha Martell

Chris Kane
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The Chemical Corps is a special branch of the United States Army, which is responsible for preventing and combating any attack on the USA which includes Chemical, Biological, Radiological or Nuclear weapons, including any weapons of mass destruction.

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Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Dejan Milivojevic

With help from C. Warner Sgt US Army (74delta CBRN retired)

Narrator:

Chris Kane
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Sources
Brophy, Leo P. Origins of the Chemical Corps, Military Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Winter, 1956), pp. 217-226
U.S. Army Chemical Corps, CBR, The United States Army, Chemical Corps

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Kim Jong-il was born in 1941 in the Siberian village of Vyatskoye. He would follow his father Kim Il-sung as the second leader of North Korea, living an extravagant and eccentric lifestyle, while oppressing and starving the ordinary people.

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Fischer, Paul (2015). A Kim Jong-Il Production: The Extraordinary True Story of a Kidnapped Filmmaker, His Star Actress, and a Young Dictator's Rise to Power. Flatiron Books
Tyranny of the Weak: North Korea and the World, 1950–1992. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
Lim Jae-Cheon (2009), Kim Jong Il's Leadership of North Korea (1 ed.), London: Routledge
Kim Jong Il: Brief History 1998

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Further reading

Japanese Business Culture and Practices: A Guide to Twenty-first Century ...
By Jon P. Alston, Isao Takei

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In a hull-down position, the tank commander exposed only the turret of his tank to the enemy's sight, but in a manner that his main gun had a clear line of fire.
The aim was to reduce the silhouette of the tank as much as possible, exposing only the areas with the strongest armor.


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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner
Script: Dejan Milivojevic
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Chris Kane
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Sources:
Jörgensen, Christer, and Chris Mann. Tank Warfare: Strategy and Tactics. Spellmount, 2001.
Schneider, Wolfgang. Panzer Tactics: German Small-unit Armor Tactics in World War Ii. Stackpole Books, 2005.
Jarymowycz, Roman Johann. Tank Tactics: From Normandy to Lorraine. Stackpole Books, 2009.

From the 7th to 24th June 1520, King Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France take part in a diplomatic tournament known as the 'Field of the Cloth of Gold'.

The two monarchs were in their youth when they hosted this glorious event. They entertained each other and the over 12,000 attendees through fantastic banquets and grandiose spectacles. All was richly decorated in a spectacular display of wealth, most notably with wildly expensive cloths of gold.


Many thanks for Prof. Richardson for kindly reviewing an early draft of the script.

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Bibliography:
Bragg, Melvyn, The Field of the Cloth of Gold (BBC Radio 4, 6 Oct 2005), online version, https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p003k9dl.

Licence, Amy. 1520: The Field of the Cloth of Gold. Amberley Publishing, 2020.

Hayward, Maria, Dress at the Court of King Henry VIII (New York, 2017).

Richardson, Glenn. “Field of Cloth of Gold (1520).” In The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy, 1–5. American Cancer Society, 2018.

Richardson, Glenn. The Field of Cloth of Gold. Yale University Press, 2013.

One of the most notorious medieval torture devices was the “thumbscrews,” also known as “thumbkins.” Thumbscrews consisted of three metal poles, one or more of which was threaded, sitting vertically on a vice-like device. Along these poles, a plate or slab of metal or wood was placed horizontally with the ability to be slid up and down the poles. The victim’s fingers would then be placed in between the plate and the bottom of the device.

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The Sepoy Uprising, which took place in India in 1857 - 58, is seen as one of the most shocking insurrections to take place against a colonial power during the 19th century. Although the uprising was ultimately unsuccessful, it fundamentally changed the nature of British rule in the subcontinent and is sometimes known, in India, as the First War of Independence.

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Credit:
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Music Credit:

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Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Wheel Of Karma by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Artist: http://audionautix.com/

Sources:

Dalrymple, W. 2020. ANARCHY: the relentless rise of the east india company. [S.l.]: BLOOMSBURY PUBLISHING.

David, S. 2003. The Indian Mutiny 1857. London: Penguin.

Jerosch, R., & Turner, J. A. .2007. The Rani of Jhansi: Rebel against will : a biography of the legendary Indian freedom fighter in the mutiny of 1857-1858. Delhi: Aakar.

Mount, F. 2016. The tears of the Rajas: mutiny, money and marriage in India 1805-1905. London: Simon & Schuster

Agrawal, M. G. 2008. Freedom fighters of India (in four volumes). Delhi: Isha Books.

Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/simplehistory. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history

The M60 Patton was an American main battle tank that had entered service with the US Army in huge numbers in the 1960's.
So what was one of these 52 ton beasts doing, rampaging around downtown San Diego in California, on a warm summer’s evening in 1995?


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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner
Script: Conan White
Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Music Credit:
Big Rock - Take the Lead by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

One of the most famous and cruelest of the witch trials was the “Swimming test” or as it was often called in Europe, the ”Floatation test”.
*This episode is not specifically about the Salem Witch trials, where no one was executed for witchcraft by burning. This is about witch trials in general: Hanging was most common, but burning did happen.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner

Narrator:

Chris Kane
www.vocalforge.com


Music Credit

Evening of Chaos Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Sources:
The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft and Wicca By Rosemary Guiley
Witch Hunts in Europe and America: An Encyclopaedia By William E. Burns

For centuries wars are being fought with contemporary weapons and in some instances with future or prototype ones. However some old weapons, older than their current users, are being utilized. The Ukraine war has shown that some very old designs can still be used. Machine guns from a century ago, bolt action rifles older than that, submachine guns designed for WW2, anti-tank rifles as relics of the same conflict are being used, in big numbers or some rare occasions.

Each of these weapons tell us a story and serve as a testament of durability and the overall change and shift in the military doctrine as well as the consequences of the current situation. Not only that but those weapons, very crude and old, are serving on par with the latest designs, making the situation even more peculiar.

Most of those weapons have survived the harsh conditions of the biggest conflict in human history, years of storage and later wars beyond that. Some were served for decades as museum exhibits only to be called once again to fight in today's wars.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script and animation Aleksandar Djokic
Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/