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What does M.A.D. mean? M.A.D. refers to the full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides, resulting in one clear, obvious outcome – mutually assured destruction. The policy of M.A.D. rests on the idea that if two countries or continents are equally as capable of destroying one another through nuclear attack, then there is no incentive for either side to pull the trigger, or remove it. Instead, nuclear-capable countries keep each other in check with the knowledge of the MAD doctrine, and that any sort of “first move” would result in global nuclear devastation.

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Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
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Sources:
Mutual Assured Destruction
Robert Jervis
Foreign Policy
No. 133 (Nov. - Dec., 2002), pp. 40-42 (3 pages)
Published By: Slate Group, LLC

Nuclear Superiority or Mutually Assured Deterrence: The Development of the US Nuclear Deterrent
David S. McDonough
International Journal
Vol. 60, No. 3, Canada in the World: Annual John W. Holmes Issue on Canadian Foreign Policy (Summer, 2005), pp. 811-823 (13 pages)
Published By: Sage Publications, Ltd.

Between Assured Destruction and Nuclear Victory: The Case for the "Mad-Plus" Posture
Robert J. Art
Ethics
Vol. 95, No. 3, Special Issue: Symposium on Ethics and Nuclear Deterrence (Apr., 1985), pp. 497-516 (20 pages)
Published By: The University of Chicago Press

https://history.state.gov/mile....stones/1961-1968/cub

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The Type seven and Type nine were the striking force of the Kriegsmarine during the Battle of the Atlantic - a German attempt to cut off the British Isles and force the Allies to surrender.
In the first years of war, the Germans used them to cut off supply lines that were bringing weapons and equipment from the United States to United Kingdom.

When attacking, German U-boats were using so called “Wolfpack” tactic.


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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner
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Music Credit: Dance of the U-boat by Aakash Gandhi

Sources:
David and Hugh Lyon, World War II Warships, 1976
Eberhard Moeler, Werner Brack, The Encyclopedia of U-Boats from 1904 to the Present, 2004
Chris Bishop, The Encyclopedia Weapons of World War II, 1998
Gordon Williamson, Kriegsmarine U-boats, 2002

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The Spanish Flu, as the virus is now known, made its way around the world mindless of human politics, borders and morality, infecting soldiers and civilians, rich and poor alike. Its spread was so wide-reaching that the only continent it left untouched was Antarctica.
By the time the virus had run its course, approximately 500 million people, roughly one third of the world’s population, had fallen ill.
Conservative estimates place the death toll at 20 million people, but it is now widely accepted that the much more likely figure lies somewhere between 50 - 100 million.


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Ice Demon by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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Evening of Chaos by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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Sources:

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In times of war, desperate measures are sometimes needed to be taken and nations would turn to the criminal elements of society to swell the ranks of their Armed Forces. Whether coerced, motivated by patriotism or by a sense of redemption, or something darker, those convicted of crimes have played an important role in warfare even to the current day.

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Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)

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Frightening the wits out of soldiers or popping their eardrums till they bleed, are more unexpected ways of targeting one’s enemies. Here we cover the theory that the centuries old ‘Aztec death whistle’ may have had a military use. We listen to the sweet siren songs and church organs of World War II that quickly blew you to kingdom come. We recount the abuse of folk superstitions in Vietnam during the war, as well as the modern police sound cannons (LRADs) that are blasted onto protesters today.
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Sloped armor - an armor technique of inclining the armor plates in order to achieve superior strength and protection. Massively utilized in WWII, this technique would prove life saving in numerous occasions, giving the Soviet tank forces a fighting edge over the German counterparts. But it did come with some limitations and problems. How does it work, what are the good and bad things concerning the sloped armor, when was this technique used and when did that usage end? How did simple physics help deflect and outdate huge number of anti-tank weapons and what was the end game for it?


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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Episode by Aleksandar Djokic
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The Second World War is known for its brutality, with both the Allies and the Axis powers fighting tooth and nail for supremacy.
In spite of this, however, there were some incidents in which soldiers from one side actively or inadvertently aided their enemies. Whether this was done out of a sense of morality, ideology, or some reason known only to them, here are a few examples of when Axis and Allies worked together.


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From the outbreak of the Second World War, the US Armed forces started to actively prepare for what they saw as their inevitable entry into the conflict. Nevertheless, they were still relatively ill prepared when they were finally drawn into the war on December 7th 1941, following the surprise attack by the Japanese on the US naval base at Pearl harbour.

Here we will see how the American G.I. was equipped by the time of 1944 on D-Day.

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Books
GI Ingenuity by James J. Carafano copyright 2006

United States vs German Equipment 1945 by Stackpole books Copyright 2013

Infantry Equipment manual 1914

WW11 US Army Combat Equipments by Gordon L. Rottman

Desmond Doss was not your average hero.
He would become a Medal of Honor recipient, the United States of America's highest and most prestigious military award, as a combat medic who saved many of his comrades lives in battle without firing a single shot - because he did not take a weapon into combat because of his religious beliefs.


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Music Credit
Drums of the Deep Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
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'Devastation and Revenge', 'Hero Down', by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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At the dawning of the Second World War, emboldened by the Anschluss, Adolf Hitler turned his focus to the Sudetenland, a heavily industrialised region of Czechoslovakia with a considerable population of ethnic Germans. Fearing the outbreak of another bloody conflict, Britain and France entered into a policy of appeasement with Nazi Germany, engaging in a four-power conference that would culminate in the signing of the Munich Agreement. Ultimately, Hitler would betray the trust of the western powers, and the Munich Agreement is now remembered in history as a byword for the futility of appeasing aggressive, totalitarian states.

The fact that it took place in 1938 should tell you if it was successful or not!


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Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)

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Sources:
"Neville Chamberlain's "Peace For Our Time" speech". eudocs.lib.byu.edu. 30 September 1938.
Deák, István (2015) [2013]. Europe on Trial: The Story of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution during World War II. London: Routledge
Deák, Ladislav, Hungary's game for Slovakia, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 1996
Douglas, R. M. (2012), Orderly and Humane, New Haven: Yale University Press
Hucker, Daniel (2011). Public Opinion and the End of Appeasement in Britain and France. London: Routledge
K. Robbins, “Konrad Henlein, the Sudeten Question and British Foreign Policy”, Historical Journal, 1969
Kenety, Brian (14 April 2005). "Memories of World War II in the Czech Lands: the expulsion of Sudeten Germans". Radio Praha
Noakes, J.; Pridham, G. (2010) [2001]. Nazism 1919–1945: Foreign Policy War, and Racial Extermination. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Devon: University of Exeter Press.

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‘Potemkin Village’ is a term used to describe a fake propaganda village that nations build to impress foreigners.
Kijong-Dong

Kijŏng-dong
기정동
機井洞

The village was built within sighting range of the Korean Demilitarized Zone when the Korean Peninsula divided into two in 1953.
This Potemkin fake village was built by the North Korean founder, first eternal leader, Kim Il-sung who ruled the nation until his death in 1994.


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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)

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Music Credit:

Gnarled Situation by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Finding the Balance by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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With the outbreak of the First World War, the idea of creating an armored fighting vehicle was born as a solution to the static nature of trench warfare.
It was the beginning of the Age of Tanks.
These first tanks, even though unwieldy and capricious, paved the way towards the tanks that would become a dominant force on the battlefield.
On the other hand, in these early days of tank development, there were also concepts completely different to tanks that we know today.
One such model was the Russian Tsar Tank - an armored vehicle whose name did not live up to its awkward design.

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Five Armies Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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There was a tendency to make big, strong and heavy shields that could protect a soldier’s entire body. It also had to be able to be moved around the battlefield. The only solution was to put wheels on them. These were to be known as mobile shields.
Their purpose was to provide cover to one or several soldiers that were advancing across the field or no-man's land. The idea of shields on wheels was actually born a few decades earlier, during the Cuban War, when US troops used the first movable shields.

The idea was adopted by the British and French armies and brought into service during WW1. Even though all designs included heavy steel plates that were capable of withstanding small arms fire, their use was questionable in reality.


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In order to break the lethargy of such a life, soldiers were given a number of duties to perform that would keep them busy.
These duties included: inspecting weapons and equipment, digging and repairing trenches, filling sandbags, or emptying latrines and flooded sections of the trenches.
But the most important task of all was: - Sentry Duty.


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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner
Script: Dejan Milivojevic
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Chris Kane
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Music Credit:

Devastation and Revenge, 'Malicious' by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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During the Second World War, the German Army had a well organized and highly skilled medical service.
The Sanitäter, popularly known as “Sanis” were always on the frontline with combat troops, ready to jump in to help wounded men.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner

Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Music Credit:
Dangerous by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/r....oyalty-free/index.ht
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Sources:
Buchner, Alex, The German Infantry Handbook 1939-1945, 1991
Thomas, Nigel, The German Army in World War II, 2002
Buchner, Alex, The German Army Medical Corps in World War II
An Illustrated Dictionary of the Third Reich
By Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage

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There is far more to 1919-1939 Germany than it simply being a prelude to Hitler’s rise to power. As financial ruin, military defeat, and a humiliating treaty blew in gales, Germans pushed for a republican system of government, and a new constitution to lift them off their knees. It was a period of not only struggle as hyperinflation and reparations cut holes into longcoats, but also of steady recovery as the nation launched itself once more onto the world market, as well as creative ingenuity that would continue to shape our understanding of modernity. Watch the political obstacles that had faced the likes of Ebert and Stresemann, the devastating impact of the Great Depression, and the dramatic dissolution of the republic with all its vibrant cultural iconography.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)

Narrator:

Chris Kane
https://vocalforge.com/

Bibliography

Carsten, Francis Ludwig. Reichswehr Politics.
Clare, John D. “Hyperinflation.” Last accessed 24th June 2022. johndclare.net.
Dickson, Andrew. “Culture in Weimar Germany: on the edge of the volcano.” Last accessed 24th June 2022. Bl.uk.
History.com Editors. “Weimar Republic.” Last modified March 4, 2021. History.com.
Kiger, Patrick J. “The Treaty of Versailles Punished Defeated Germany With These Provisions.” Last accessed 24th June 2022. History.com.
Kirby, G. Hall, Henry Ashby Turner, Kenneth Barkin, John Michael Wallace-Hadrill, Patrick J. Geary, Theodore S. Hamerow, William H. Berentsen, et al. "Germany." Last modified: June 22, 2022. Encyclopedia Britannica.com.
MacGregor, Neil. Germany: Memories of a Nation. London: Allen Lane, 2014.
Rossol, Nadine, and Benjamin Ziemann. The Oxford Handbook of the Weimar Republic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Treaty of Versailles: 1919.” Last modified June 21, 2022. Encyclopedia Britannica.com. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Weimar Republic.” Last accessed 24th June 2022. Encyclopedia Britannica.com.
Trueman, C. N. “Hyperinflation and Weimar Germany.” Last accessed 24th June, 2022. historylearningsite.co.uk.
US Holocaust Memorial Museum. “German territorial losses, Treaty of Versailles, 1919.” Last accessed 24th June, 2022. encyclopedia.ushmm.org.

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Gun Shooting Positions

One of the easiest ways to tell the difference between amateur and professional sharpshooters is how they choose to handle their weapons. Different gun stances will reveal the comfort and experience someone has when handling a gun.
A professional soldier will hold a weapon with confidence that they know how to operate and maintain it for the best results.


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Credit:
Show Created by Daniel Turner (B.A. (Hons) in History, University College London)
Script: Luke Thomas Ursone
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Chris Kane
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