Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

In which we search for the quietest places within your quietest places. To see more responses, visit our website or follow us on tumblr: http://theartassignment.com.

Original assignment video: http://youtu.be/nxxpTYV2FIk.

Participants in this video: http://theartassignment.com/po....st/87210001910/quiet

We addressed the myth, and now it's time for the truth of the tortured artist. Some art is born of pain and suffering, and reflects the darkest side of human experience. We like that about it. If you need help with mental and/or substance use disorders, contact SAMHSA’s National Helpline: 1-800-662-HELP (4357) or go to https://www.samhsa.gov/.

Did you know we give out art assignments? It's true!: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLdGqz6dgvIz

To support our channel, visit: http://www.patreon.com/artassignment.

Thanks to our Grandmaster of the Arts Vincent Apa, and all of our patrons, especially Patrick Hanna, Nichole Hicks, David Moore, Jan Quale, and Constance Urist.

Corrections:
2:22 is not Roberto Matta but Nicolas Carone in his Rome studio, 1950
3:41 this list originated with Sister Corita Kent!: https://www.brainpickings.org/....2012/08/10/10-rules-

Subscribe for new episodes of The Art Assignment every other Thursday!

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Follow us elsewhere for the full Art Assignment experience:
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and don't forget Reddit!: http://www.reddit.com/r/TheArtAssignment

This week we tackle the intersection of art and our changing climate. Throughout history, art has helped reveal the climate around us and highlight our fragile relationship to it. We look at navigational charts from the Marshall Islands, Katsushika Hokusai’s "Under the Wave off Kanagawa", Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s "Hunters in the Snow", Mali's Great Mosque of Djenné, the Ise Shrine in Japan, steadily sinking Venice, the cave paintings of Lascaux, and Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty, among others.

Check out Hot Mess to learn about how we can create a better future for our planet and ourselves!: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12f

Thanks to our Grandmasters of the Arts Vincent Apa and Ernest Wolfe, and all of our patrons, especially Iain Eudaily, Patrick Hanna, Nichole Hicks, Eve Leonard, David Moore, Frame Monster Design Laboratory, Jane Quale, Constance Urist, and Nicholas Xu. To support our channel, visit: http://www.patreon.com/artassignment.

This episode was made in partnership with Smarthistory, the most-visited art history website in the world (https://smarthistory.org). Subscribe to their channel today: https://www.youtube.com/user/smarthistoryvideos

Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

This week we meet with Jesse Sugarmann, whose artwork considers how the automotive industry shapes the way we live and construct our identities. His assignment asks you to think about the way car consumerism, and the aesthetic choices behind it, has shaped you and your family. Let's talk cars.

INSTRUCTIONS - Vehicular Palette
1. Ask members of your family what kind of cars they’ve owned and when. Make a list.

2. Select a timeframe for your data

3. Choose an element of the car you would like to focus on

4. Take these elements and create a data visualization system

5. Share using #theartassignment

6. Fame and glory (Your work might be in a future episode)

Link for the full steps: https://youtu.be/h31PemGX2zA

Learn more about Jesse's work: https://vimeo.com/user7569805

Find out more about The Art Assignment and how to submit your response: http://theartassignment.com/

Artist Henri Rousseau painted The Dream in 1910, and it's imagery of a woman lounging on a sofa in the middle of a jungle was as surreal then as it is today. What is it about this artwork that captivated audiences then and now? #art #henrirousseau #thedream

Thanks to our Grandmasters of the Arts Tyler Calvert-Thompson, Divide by Zero Collection, David Golden, and Ernest Wolfe, and all of our patrons, especially Rich Clarey, Iain Eudaily, Frame Monster Design Laboratory, Patrick Hanna, Nichole Hicks, Andrew Huynh, Eve Leonard, David Moore, Gabriel Civita Ramirez, Constance Urist, Nicholas Xu, and Roberta Zaphiriou. To support our channel, visit: http://www.patreon.com/artassignment.

Subscribe for new episodes of The Art Assignment every other Thursday, and follow us elsewhere for the full Art Assignment experience:
Twitter: http://twitter.com/artassignment
Instagram: http://instagram.com/theartassignment/
Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/group....s/artassignmentextra

Order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes this + new assignments!): http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

Alec Soth is a photographer who works on large-scale projects that play with the boundaries between his roles as a fine art photographer and photojournalist. This week, he asks you to take on the role of a newspaper photographer and report on a story from a different perspective.

INSTRUCTIONS - News Photographer
1. Pick a story from a news source and follow up with it
2. Look for something that wasn’t covered in the story and take a photo of it
3. Write an accompanying text that pushes the viewer in a different direction
4. Upload your photo and caption with #theartassignment
5. Fame and glory (Your work might be in a future episode)




Find out more about The Art Assignment and how to submit your response: http://theartassignment.com/

Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h We’re talking about your responses to Tameka Norris’s assignment to Become Someone Else and how both internal and external change are a constant and inevitable reality in our lives. Thanks for all the wonderful submissions!

Watch the original assignment: https://youtu.be/lmNKc4-zLOA

Featured in this video:
Soleil: https://instagram.com/p/zxWqWCJ81e/
haveyouseenmyfez: http://bit.ly/1LOiURL
Laura: http://bit.ly/1ikqlGo
Rebecca: http://bit.ly/1JQD0a3
murderbyrosestem: http://bit.ly/1ECsszu
theeemcyclopedia: http://bit.ly/1Od2ti4
Meg: http://bit.ly/1QbeGFa
David: https://instagram.com/p/zxY4WqxmHp/
Kyle: https://instagram.com/p/27zA9-smud/ / https://instagram.com/p/27zP2bsmul/
Not Crazy Just Catholic: http://bit.ly/1N5DONP
flaviaaalouise: https://instagram.com/p/zArNNrJJSX/
JS Kennedy: http://bit.ly/1UuPJW1
Echo Jardini: http://bit.ly/1FlwjvI
justhewett: http://bit.ly/1JEbcsG

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Follow us elsewhere for the full Art Assignment experience!
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and don't forget Reddit!: http://www.reddit.com/r/TheArtAssignment/

Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h In which we go to The Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art in Kansas City, Missouri, and give you some pointers on how to visit an art museum. Seems easy enough, but there are ways to maximize your experience. What are your museum tricks and tips? Let's talk about it in the comments!

Many thanks to The Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art for giving us access to their wonderful institution. Their admission is free, but they can only do this because of donations and memberships. So while we joke that you should always find a way to get in for free, you should also consider supporting your local institutions whenever you can and in whatever way you can. This can be through membership, donations, attending events, or volunteering your time. (And if you happen to have an amazing art collection of your own, you should will it to a museum. Really. Your grandchildren won't appreciate it nearly as much as an entire city will for many generations to come.)

Learn more about the Kemper: www.kemperart.org.
And find out ways to support it: https://www.kemperart.org/involved/index.asp.

There is plenty of art ABOUT space, but this video explores art ACTUALLY IN space. Learn about cosmonauts sketching orbital sunrises, the Moon Museum, Carl Sagan's Golden Record, and the sculptures currently orbiting Earth today, among other works of space art. Journey over to It's Okay to Be Smart to watch their Summer of Space episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qr28zMXQ3bU

Thanks to our Grandmasters of the Arts Vincent Apa and Ernest Wolfe, and all of our patrons, especially Iain Eudaily, Patrick Hanna, Nichole Hicks, Eve Leonard, David Moore, Frame Monster Design Laboratory, Jane Quale, Constance Urist, and Nicholas Xu. To support our channel, visit: http://www.patreon.com/artassignment.

Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

INSTRUCTIONS
1. CONJURE A STUDIO: REAL OR IMAGINARY
- Where do you like to work?
- What do you like to do?
- If you could do it anywhere (or with anyone), where would it be?
2. MAKE IT HAPPEN
- Take over, transform, build a space...
- Make a drawing, collage or model...
- Make it life size or miniature (or giant)...
- Hidden or in plain site...
3. Upload documentation using #theartassignment
4. Fame and glory (your work might be in a future episode)

Learn more about Hope's work: http://www.hopeginsburg.com/

Sarah then discusses what Marcel Duchamp explored in his own studio.

Find out more about The Art Assignment and how to submit your response: http://theartassignment.com/

Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories.

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Imagine the scale of raindrops if you were the size of a small bird. Or mosquito. Flying through a drizzle should be deadly! Like flying through falling cars and boulders. And yet it’s not, because nature has given them a superpower—superhydrophobic surfaces that repel water and keep them airborne. How do these microscopic structures work? And how has modern engineering been inspired by them?

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....superhydrophobic-ref

Mosquito vs. Raindrop footage courtesy of David Hu and Andrew Dickerson

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You have the power to change your brain!
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Got a bad habit you just can’t seem to break? That’s because it’s literally wired into your brain.
Every single thought, action, and feeling changes your brain. When repeated enough times, a habit is formed. This week we’ll talk about how an advertiser in the early 1900s got half of Americans to pick up a new behavior - and make it a habit we all know today.
#habits #brain #neuroscience

REFERENCES:

The power of habit: Why we do what we do in life and in business, Charles Duhill, 2012.

Smith, K. (2016). Habit formation. Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 18(1), 33–43.

Schultz, W., Apicella, P., and Ljungbergb , T. (1993). Responses of Monkey Dopamine Neurons to Reward and Conditioned Stimuli during Successive Steps of Learning a Delayed Response Task. The Journal of Neuroscience, 13(3), 900-913

Christina M.Gremel, C. M., Chancey, J.H., Atwood, B.K., Luo, G., Neve, R., Ramakrishnan, C., Deisseroth, K., Lovinger, D.M., and Costa, R.M. (2016). Endocannabinoid Modulation of Orbitostriatal Circuits Gates Habit Formation. Neuron, 93(6), 1312-1324.

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Kimberly McCoy, Ph.D.
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Karl Boettcher
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Check out our whole series on ENERGY! http://bit.ly/1BnH5zu
Subscribe: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub Twitter: @okaytobesmart
↓ More info and sources below ↓

We use a LOT of energy, but we waste a lot too. Where that waste happens might surprise, you though. We don't just waste energy when we leave the lights on or the thermostat cranked down too low. It happens at the dinner table and the water faucet as too!

LEARN MORE:
Special thanks to Sheril Kirshenbaum and the Webber Energy Group at the University of Texas at Austin for their help with this series. http://www.webberenergygroup.com/

Check out their awesome online course "Energy 101" to learn about energy and energy policy from A to Z! http://www.energy101.com/

And to find out what people think about energy, check out the UT Energy Poll: http://www.utenergypoll.com/


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
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-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Google+ https://plus.google.com/+itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks

-----------------

Last week's video:
Does the Moon Orbit the Earth? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cJ3AemeUFM

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Check out Nourish from PBS! https://www.youtube.com/PBSNourish
SUBSCRIBE to It's Okay To Be Smart! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
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People who live near the equator use more spices per recipe than people who live far from the equator. But that isn't for the reason you think. Spices and other plant ingredients have special powers that make them a truly magical superfood!

REFERENCES:

Billing, J., & Sherman, P. W. (1998). Antimicrobial functions of spices: why some like it hot. The Quarterly review of biology, 73(1), 3-49.

Juneja, V. K., Dwivedi, H. P., & Yan, X. (2012). Novel natural food antimicrobials. Annual review of food science and technology, 3, 381-403.

Sherman, P. W., & Billing, J. (1999). Darwinian gastronomy: why we use spices: spices taste good because they are good for us. BioScience, 49(6), 453-463.

Li, Z., Henning, S. M., Zhang, Y., Zerlin, A., Li, L., Gao, K., ... & Heber, D. (2010). Antioxidant-rich spice added to hamburger meat during cooking results in reduced meat, plasma, and urine malondialdehyde concentrations–. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 91(5), 1180-1184.

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BOOKS WE’VE FEATURED:
http://smart-books.tumblr.com/

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Sarah Keartes
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Derek Borsheim
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
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We all breathe the same air. Literally.
Click here to SUBSCRIBE, it's FREE! -- http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

Take a deep breath. Smell that? It could be a little eau de Einstein. Or maybe a whiff of Cleopatra. Here's an amazing thought: every time you breathe, you could be sharing air with everyone who's ever lived. A few million of the same air molecules that enter your lungs in a lifetime also entered Albert Einstein or Marie Curie's lungs! That's some smart air.

Earth's atmosphere is big, but not as big as many people think. All the air that keeps us alive is just a thin candy shell around our planet. In this episode, echoing the words of John F. Kennedy, I'll show you the science of how we all share the same air. So let's be careful about what we're putting in it!

References for this episode: http://dft.ba/-5AuU

Read about John F. Kennedy's American University speech: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A....merican_University_s

Earth's atmosphere illustrated by Adam Nieman: http://adamnieman.posterous.com/

Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by Painted On Productions (http://www.paintedon.com/)

Music: Johnny Ripper (with Ekoda) - Speak
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2023 was a wild year with everything from scorching temperatures to massive wildfires. Even with more renewable energy than ever, 2023’s climate data still seems really bad. So how should we think about climate change today? And what can we do about it? Learn what climate scientists think about 2023’s climate milestones, what the models tell us about the future of Earth’s climate, and how we can tackle climate doomerism.

Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

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Ed Eyden
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…or how I learned to study physics and start fearing the bomb
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Nuclear weapons represent the darker side of E=mc^2. Science has given us the ability to understand what will happen if these weapons are ever used again… and what will happen if they are *never* used again.

Atomic test footage from the archives of the Department of Energy, the United States Air Force, the United States Army, and the Nevada Nuclear Testing Archive:
https://archive.org
https://www.nnss.gov/pages/res....ources/NuclearTestin

Turco, R. P., Toon, O. B., Ackerman, T. P., Pollack, J. B., & Sagan, C. (1983). Nuclear winter: global consequences of multiple nuclear explosions. Science, 222.

Oh look, an easter egg: https://youtu.be/xtyU78RHWAo

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Sarah Keartes
Editor/animator: Andrew Orsak
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
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Reading. You’re doing it right now. I bet you don’t even have to think about it. But have you ever wondered what’s happening in your brain to turn all these weird symbols into meaning? This video will teach you how to read all over again. What you’re doing right now is way more amazing than you ever realized.

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This episode is brought to you by Dropbox https://www.dropbox.com/
Follow me to Gross Science: https://youtu.be/kRUt9pqMCSg and BrainCraft: https://youtu.be/Joalg73L_gw
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Tweet ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSmourn Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSmournFB

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BOOK RECOMMENDATION: Barbara J. King "How Animals Grieve" http://amzn.to/1MD7Jz5

References:
Barbara J. King “When Animals Mourn” Scientific American http://www.nature.com/scientif....icamerican/journal/v



Jason G. Goldman “Death Rituals In The Animal Kingdom” http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20120919-respect-t

Iain Douglas Hamilton “Behavioural reactions of elephants towards a dying and deceased matriarch” Applied Animal Behavior Science http://www.appliedanimalbehavi....our.com/article/S016

Chimpanzees mourning dead infants:
http://www.mpg.de/1071360/mourning_chimpanzee
http://www.cell.com/current-bi....ology/abstract/S0960
(video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM9GLhuPDXA)


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Snapchat: YoDrJoe

-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc.
Kate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: “Ouroboros” by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

Meter? …or Metre?
Try CuriosityStream and learn something new today: http://curiositystream.com/smart
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Why is a meter a meter? The meter is the world’s ultimate measure, but how did it become “the” meter? What is this measurement based on? The story of this revolution in measurement traces its roots to the French Revolution. Scientists decided that an equal and united people should have equal and united measures. So they sent a pair of young astronomers out to measure the world, and invent the meter. Little did they know they’d find nothing but war, deception, and strife along the way. As a result of this ill-fated mission, the meter carries an error that still persists today. Still think the metric system is so perfect?

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

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LEARN MORE:
This episode would not have been possible without one incredible book: “The Measure of All Things” by Ken Alder.
There’s so much more to this story that we couldn’t fit in the video, and this book has it all. War, madness, deception, shame, spies, the dawn of the Enlightenment, the birth of modern economics, lots more beheadings… Highly recommended!
Amazon: http://amzn.to/2lNuEyD
Public library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/893130606

MORE:
Interesting chronology of the meter: http://www.dozenalsociety.org.....uk/metrix/chronology

Calculating the length of a meridian arc: http://www.cantab.net/users/mi....chael.behrend/map_fo

Williams, Jeffrey H. “Quantifying Measurement: The Tyranny of Numbers.” Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2016

Murdin, Paul. “Full meridian of glory: perilous adventures in the competition to measure the Earth.” Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Heroes on the half shell… Oyster power?
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When people picture New York City they see skyscrapers, subways, and a concrete jungle. But the Big Apple is really a seaside city built on an archipelago. In the wake of a century of industrial pollution and climate change-fueled superstorms like Hurricane Sandy, New York’s waterways need help. Learn how Billion Oyster Project is working to restore one of the world’s greatest lost ecosystems in order to clean up New York’s water and protect it from an uncertain climate future.

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Go check out Sound Field! http://bit.ly/2HH9sG1
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More people have food allergies than ever before. Peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, eggs, and even milk… the list of possibly dangerous foods seems to get longer every day. But why do some people’s bodies have deadly reactions food? And why are food allergies on the rise? In this video we explain what food allergies really are, and what the difference is between food allergy and food intolerance. Some fellow YouTubers tell us their stories of what it’s like to live with food allergies, and we bring you the best current science on how to prevent food allergies in kids and adults. It’s a tough nut to crack. #FoodAllergy #Allergies #FoodScience

Special thanks to WheezyWaiter and Emily Graslie for sharing their food allergy stories with us!
https://www.youtube.com/user/wheezywaiter
https://www.youtube.com/user/thebrainscoop

Want to learn more about allergies? Watch this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqrnShjM4II

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REFERENCES:
Anagnostou, Katherine, and Andrew Clark. "Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy." Annual review of medicine 67 (2016): 375-385.

Sathe, S. K., Liu, C., & Zaffran, V. D. (2016). "Food allergy." Annual review of food science and technology, 7, 191-220.

Tyagi, Nidhi, et al. "Comparisons of allergenic and metazoan parasite proteins: allergy the price of immunity." PLoS computational biology 11.10 (2015): e1004546.

Willits, Erin K., et al. "Food Allergy: A Comprehensive Population-Based Cohort Study." Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Vol. 93. No. 10. Elsevier, 2018.

Wong, L., Huang, C. H., & Lee, B. W. (2016). "Shellfish and house dust mite allergies: is the link tropomyosin?." Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 8(2), 101-106.

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The biggest thing that has ever lived on Earth… is a tree? Hard to believe, but it’s true. Travel with me to the Rocky Mountains of Colorado to go inside a giant aspen clone, the most massive species on our planet, and learn what unique and special evolutionary adaptations let them get so big.

Thanks to Dr. Jeffry B. Mitton (UC-Boulder) for sharing his years of research into giant quaking aspens and for telling us where to go see such pretty fall colors

References:

Mitton, J. B. & Grant, M. C. Observations on the Ecology and Evolution of Quaking Aspen, Populus tremuloides, in the Colorado Front Range. 9 (2021).

Mitton, J. B. & Grant, M. C. Genetic Variation and the Natural History of Quaking Aspen. BioScience 46, 25–31 (1996).

Grant, M. C., Mitton, J. B. & Linhart, Yan. B. Even larger organisms. Nature 360, 216–216 (1992).

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Hold on to your butts. This episode is about… butts. The science and evolutionary history of your rear end, the down-low on your derriere, shining a little light where the sun don't shine… you get the picture. But(t) seriously, we don't talk about this all-important hole enough, and how, from an evolutionary perspective, it might be the most important orifice on your body.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....briefhistoryofbutts-

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