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Ever wonder why certain sounds make us cringe or even feel sick? Join me as I react to some of the most universally hated sounds, from nails on a chalkboard to the infamous word "moist," and we explore the science of why these sounds are so unbearable to so many and how they can impact our lives.

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Did you know some people 'see' letters in color or 'taste' music? In this video, we’ll talk about synesthesia, how it works in the brain, and why some people experience these fascinating sensory connections while most of us don’t.

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Go to https://mondly.app/besmart to get 96% off lifetime access to 41 languages and start learning today.
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The James Webb Telescope just took a photo of a newly discovered exoplanet. Exciting stuff but the raw image just looks like a small, faint dot—not a fully detailed world. The question is, just how big would a telescope need to be to actually see an alien world in detail? Let’s explore diffraction, resolution, wild telescope tech, and one mind-blowing idea that could change everything.

References:

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Follow me to The Bigger Picture on @PBS https://youtu.be/Wnr4RJxDifw
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Precious metals like gold, silver, platinum, and rhodium are expensive because they're rare in Earth's crust. But are they rare in the universe? Why is it so hard to make some of the chemical elements? Where do heavy metals come from, anyway? Turns out, we can blame it all on neutron stars and some oddities of the periodic table.

Thank you to the following for helpful discussions:
Dr. Jennifer Johnson - Ohio State University
Dr. Hendrik Schatz - JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....catalytic-converter-

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Ready to untangle the branches of the human family tree?
Part 1 of our special series on Human Ancestry. Watch it all: http://bit.ly/OKTBSHuman
↓↓↓More info and sources below ↓↓↓

In part 1 of our special series on human ancestry, we tour through our family tree to meet our ancestors and distant cousins, and to find out what made us human along the way.
The story of human ancestry is not a simple progression from primitive apes to us, with all the ape/human intermediates in between. The real human story is much richer and more complex, full of branches, gaps, and shadowy parts. A century and a half of fossil finds tells us perhaps two dozen human species lived on Earth between now and the time when our ancestors split from chimpanzee ancestors. The new era of DNA and genetics is upending that story yet again.

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REFERENCES:

Stringer, Chris. “Lone survivors: How we came to be the only humans on earth.” Macmillan, 2012. http://amzn.to/2oIFg3q (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/855581724)

Stringer, Chris, and Peter Andrews. “The complete world of human evolution.” London: Thames & Hudson, 2005. http://amzn.to/2opOrlN (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/953422224)

Tattersall, Ian. “Masters of the planet: the search for our human origins.” Macmillan, 2012. http://amzn.to/2pOZrKS (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/733231407)

Walter, Chip. “Last ape standing: the seven-million-year story of how and why we survived.” Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2013. http://amzn.to/2pP2liy (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/872121723)

“Evolution: The Human Saga.” Scientific American 311.3 (2014): 4-100.

Strait, David, Frederick E. Grine, and John G. Fleagle. "Analyzing Hominin Hominin Phylogeny: Cladistic Approach." Handbook of paleoanthropology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. 1989-2014.

Wood, Bernard, and Eve K Boyle. "Hominin taxic diversity: Fact or fantasy?." American journal of physical anthropology 159.S61 (2016): S37-S78.

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

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This is the first-ever video of what we’re calling the "hermit crab caterpillar"! We’re pretty sure this strange caterpillar is a NEW SPECIES. We went to the Peruvian Amazon to see amazing things, but we never expected this :)
But that makes me wonder: What *is* a species anyway? And how do you know if you’ve found a new species?

These people helped make this episode happen:
Aaron Pomerantz https://www.instagram.com/nextgenscientist/
Daniel Couceiro: https://www.instagram.com/danicouceiro21/
Ryan St. Laurent - Florida Museum of Natural History
Dr. Andy Warren - Florida Museum of Natural History
Dr. Daniel Janzen - University of Pennsylvania

Special thanks to our hosts Rainforest Expeditions: http://www.perunature.com/

LEARN MORE:

Mayden, R. L. (1997). A hierarchy of species concepts: the denouement in the saga of the species problem. In M. F. Claridge, H. A. Dawah & M. R. Wilson (eds.), Species: The units of diversity,. Chapman & Hall. pp. 381–423.

Sutton, G., & Dickson, G. (1965). Interbreeding of the Eastern and Western Meadowlarks in Central Oklahoma. The Southwestern Naturalist, 10(4), 307-310. doi:10.2307/3669307

FOLLOW US:

It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Having bones is pretty cool. They make our blood, let us hear, and keep us from being just a squishy puddle on the floor. But for every species with bones, there are at least 20 species on Earth with exoskeletons instead. And those exoskeleton animals are incredibly tough and strong. So why don’t WE have our skeletons on the outside? This is the story of bones!

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....why-our-skeletons-on

Special thanks for research assistance:
Riley Black

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Thank you to Draper and its Hack the Moon initiative for supporting PBS Digital Studios | Learn more at https://wehackthemoon.com
Physics Girl explores how We’ll Find the Aliens in Our Solar System!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfqpYDVhXd8&t=1s

Looking up at the stars makes you wonder: what and who is out there? And why haven’t we seen any other intelligent civilizations given the vast size and age of the universe? They’re complicated questions and although we haven’t met any other space-faring species we do have a way of calculating just how many alien civilizations might be out there as well as some rather frightening ideas as to why we might not have met them.

This video is a bit different from most It's Okay To Be Smart videos. It's part of a new PBS miniseries called STELLAR, done in collaboration with Matt O’Dowd from PBS Space Time and Dianna Cowern from Physics Girl. Over six episodes we travel to telescopes, go inside space research centers, and chat with amazing scientists to bring you the most exciting stories about space.

**I figure out how we took a picture of a Black Hole with a telescope the size of Earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUpKta9yfCk&t=237s

**Matt O’Dowd exploring the oldest quasar ever seen at the Gemini Telescope: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqCPnXHKO5c

**Physics Girl visits LIGO to learn about gravitational waves:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtp71NT0GNg

You'll be able to see future episodes on the Physics Girl, Space Time and It’s Okay to be Smart YouTube channels, as well as the PBS Digital Studios Facebook page.

Stellar is a part of the PBS Summer of Space. They'll be lots of awesome space related content all summer long on PBS. See what's happening at https://www.pbs.org/summer-of-space/

#SummerOfSpacePBS #astrophysics #space

Hosted by Joe Hanson
Written by: Joe Hanson, Andrew Kornhaber, Eric Brown
Directed by: Eric Brown and Andrew Kornhaber
Producer: Randa Eid
Director of Photography: Eric Brouse
Sound: Tobi Nova
Production Assistant: Anna Bosketti
Editing: Pavel Ezrohi
Graphics: Murilo Lopes
Assistant Editing: Daniel Sircar
Produced By: Kornhaber Brown

An ode to curiosity... with LEGO!

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

My tribute to Curiosity, both the NASA rover and the human desire to discover, featuring words from some of science's greatest minds and LEGO's special edition Mars rover set
SOURCES:

Carl Sagan:
"Cosmos: A Personal Voyage - The Lives of the Stars" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7L6SZPxgNg
"Cosmos: A Personal Voyage - The Backbone of the Night"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeaPIy6eS_g
"Cosmos: A Personal Voyage - The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCxc5w-SfpA

Neil deGrasse Tyson:
"Science is in our DNA" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVrVdtSFK7c
"Cosmos: A SPacetime Odyssey Q&A" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfUuj0YLmMg

Bill Nye:
"The Good Stuff - Bill Nye and the Origin of Everything" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMKTiPUl8E4
"Why We Explore" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVZmL5UARcs
"Bill Nye Debates Ken Ham" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6kgvhG3AkI

Hank Green:
"Curiosity is the Finest Human Quality" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kQ1Po7vzUk

Jane Goodall:
"Sowing the Seeds of Hope" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vibssrQKm60

Richard Feynman:
"Take the World From a Different Point of View" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgJPjG4KJYQ

James Cameron:
"Before Avatar - A Curious Boy (TED2010)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVfd6fg7QsM

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director/Editor
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc
Kate Eads - Associate Producer

Music:
"Evolver" by Jesper Kyd (APM Music Library)

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Have you ever looked at the front of a car and seen a face? Or an electrical outlet and seen a face? You definitely have. We all see faces everywhere we look thanks to a fun quirk of the human brain called facial pareidolia. Here's the neuroscience and psychology of how this weird brain phenomenon works!

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....facial-pareidolia-re

0:00 Intro
1:33 What is facial pareidolia?
2:26 How your brain "sees" stuff
4:10 What is a "face" anyway?
5:29 Are we born this way?
7:08 Why recognizing faces is important, according to evolution
9:09 Dog faces, and some closing thoughts
10:05 Support us on Patreon!

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I smell a science storm a-comin'!!
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

References:
"Nature of Argillaceous Odor" (1964) http://www.nature.com/nature/j....ournal/v201/n4923/ab
"Petrichor and Plant Growth" (1965)
http://www.nature.com/nature/j....ournal/v207/n5004/ab
Human nose can detect a trillion smells
http://news.sciencemag.org/bio....logy/2014/03/human-n
Petrichor and fish spawning
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com..../doi/10.1111/j.1095-
Camels seek out wet soil smells
http://www.theguardian.com/sci....ence/2003/mar/06/sci
Chemistry of petrichor:
http://cen.acs.org/articles/91..../i18/Scent-Rain-Stra
http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/85815194542/c
http://www.scientificamerican.....com/article/storm-sc

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Camera
Editing/Motion Graphics - Andrew Matthews
Gaffer - John Knudsen

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced for PBS Digital Studios
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Want more cool art videos? Check out The Art Assignment http://bit.ly/ArtAssnmt
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It’s been estimated that 1 in 10 works of fine art are forged or misattributed. The truth is, no one really knows how much fake art is out there, because many art counterfeiters are so skilled that their paintings are almost indistinguishable from the real works. But even counterfeiters can’t beat physics! From atomic bomb remnants to ancient atoms, here’s some of the amazing ways that science can detect fake art.

SOURCES:

“The Scientist and the Forger: Insights into the Scientific Detection of Forgery in Paintings” by Jehane Ragai (2015)

Ragai, J. (2013). The Scientific Detection of Forgery in Paintings. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 157(2), 164-175

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Matthew Caplan, Ph.D.
Producer/editor/animator: Jordan Husmann
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
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A poet once said, "The whole universe is in a glass of wine." We will probably never know in what sense he said that, for poets do not write to be understood. But it is true that if we look in glass of wine closely enough we see the entire universe There are the things of physics: the twisting liquid which evaporates depending on the wind and weather, the reflections in the glass, and our imagination adds the atoms. The glass is a distillation of the earth's rocks, and in its composition we see the secrets of the universe's age, and the evolution of the stars. What strange array of chemicals are in the wine? How did they come to be? There are the ferments, the enzymes, the substrates, and the products. There in wine is found the great generalization: all life is fermentation. Nobody can discover the chemistry of wine without discovering the cause of much disease. How vivid is the claret, pressing its existence into the consciousness that watches it!

If in our small minds, for some convenience, divide this glass of wine, this universe, into parts - physics, biology, geology, astronomy, psychology, and so on - remember that nature does not know it! So let us put it all back together, not forgetting ultimately what it is for. Let us give one more final pleasure: drink it and forget it all!

Get Feynman's Lectures on Physics in book form: http://bit.ly/OKfeynman

"The Universe in a Glass of Wine" ... a poem by Richard Feynman, as delivered in the Feynman Lectures on physics. Watch them all here: http://io9.com/watch-a-series-....of-seven-brilliant-l

Clips used in this video: http://bit.ly/1ckkLsz

Joe Hanson - Host
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Bryan Poyser - Editor
Sound Design - Lyman Hardy, Stuck On On

Produced for PBS Digital Studios
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SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 are nasty enemies. Invisible, mysterious, and deadly, they have spread around the world and caused much of humanity to hide away. Germs like these only succeed and spread because of our social evolution, and our social nature is why social and physical distancing is so deeply painful for us. But evolution has also given us the gifts we need to survive this difficult time.

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
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Hint: It's not black
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When you stare up at the night sky, you might think that the universe is really black, but that's just because our eyes aren't sensitive enough to see the billions and billions of multicolored stars out there. Ever wonder why certain stars are certain colors? And what color is our sun, really? If we looked at enough stars, could we figure out the average color of the universe?

Read more:
Stellar classification: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S....tellar_classificatio
What color is the sun: http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh..../colour/Tspectrum.ht
Star colors in hex code: http://blogs.discovermagazine.....com/badastronomy/201
Color of the Milky Way: http://www.news.pitt.edu/milkywaycolor
Average color of the universe (cosmic latte): http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap020702.html

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
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-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D
Follow me on Twitter: @DrJoeHanson
Instagram: @DrJoeHanson
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart

Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images from Shutterstock

-----------------

Last week's video: Attack of the Zombie Parasites https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgCQStTSMuk

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Check out Overview on @pbsterra ►► https://youtu.be/WWrb1iyCLlI
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How can sand, blown by the wind, form such intricate and beautiful patterns as ripples and dunes? The answer is a surprising secret of self-organization. In this video, we travel to Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado to climb the largest sand dunes in North America and bring you the science of how wind and sand combine to create ordered landforms out of chaos. The science must flow.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....sanddunesreferences/

Thank you to Dr. Mathieu Lapôtre (Stanford) and Dr. Orencio Duran Vinent (Texas A&M) for helpful discussions while researching this epsiode.

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We may not know it, but averages affect our lives every day. Designers and manufacturers use averages to make our houses, cars, shoes and airline seats safer and more comfortable(ish). But calculating averages is way more complicated than one might think! And as long as we are at it - let’s talk about what the most average thing in the known universe might be!

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Come see me on Molly’s channel! https://youtu.be/MOmRQb7h5lw
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I met Molly Burke a few months ago. She’s awesome. I absolutely love what she’s done on YouTube to bring awareness to living with disability, and turning it into ability. And her guide dog Gallop is awesome too! When Molly and I first met, we started talking about how she navigates the world, because I’m a nerd and I always steer the conversation toward science. I was not prepared for what she told me. She said she uses echolocation! Molly’s brain has adapted to listen to sounds in her environment in ways that most of us sighted people can’t even imagine. I went to meet her in LA and brought a special surprise, to see if my brain could learn what hers has.
#echolocation #blind

For audio descriptions, go to Settings - Audio Track - English Descriptive.

Special thanks to Brian Bushway, Daniel Kish, Molly Burke and Gallop!
Learn more about Brian Bushway and echolocation at https://visioneers.org

Descriptive Audio & Captions provided by The Described and Captioned Media Program

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....echolcation-molly-bu

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Check out Stanford’s “Raw Data” podcast:
https://soundcloud.com/rawdatapodcast
https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/r...

Most numbers in the video are from this book:
Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think - Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Kenneth Cukier
http://amzn.to/1Vhc3Ei

Sources:
DNA Storage: http://cen.acs.org/articles/93/i35/Sc...

Square kilometer array (and other data scales): http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/...

How much data does ___ store? http://techexpectations.org/2015/03/2...


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
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For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigita...

Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

This video is so cool, it's ICE COLD
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Glacier ice is weird. It’s solid. Solid things aren’t supposed to flow. But glacier ice flows like a liquid, and it does that without melting! How is this possible? I traveled to Mendenhall Glacier in Juneau, Alaska to find out.

Special thanks to Josh Cassidy from KQED’s Deep Look for joining me in Alaska and shooting this episode! ► https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook

Filmed under a Special Use Permit on the Juneau Ranger District, Tongass National Forest

Archival glacier image: Glacier Photograph Collection - National Snow and Ice Data Center

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READ MORE:

Paterson, William Stanley Bryce. “The Physics of Glaciers.” Elsevier, 2016.

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi/Josh Cassidy
Writer: Sarah Keartes
Cinematography: Josh Cassidy
Producer/editor/animator: Anastasiya Bulavkina
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com