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https://sites.google.com/view/sources-girus/

Hidden in the microverse all around you, there is a merciless war being fought by the true rulers of this planet, microorganisms. Amoebae, protists, bacteria, archaea and fungi compete for resources and space. And then there are the strange horrors that are viruses, hunting everyone else. Not even being alive, they are the tiniest, most abundant and deadliest beings on earth, killing trillions every day. Not interested in resources, only in living things to take over. Or so we thought.
It turns out that there are giant viruses that blur the line between life and death – and other viruses hunting them.


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We live in the most peaceful time in human history. Wait, what? Seriously? That can't be right, there are more wars than ever! Well, no and they're killing fewer and fewer people, even though the world population is at an all-time high...and the numbers prove it! We explain how we came to this conclusion, and why war might... go away.


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Sources used for this video:

http://www.ppu.org.uk/learn/in....fodocs/st_war_peace.
http://thinkprogress.org/secur....ity/2013/12/11/30366
Steven Pinker: The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (book)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L....ist_of_ongoing_armed
http://thinkprogress.org/secur....ity/2013/12/11/30366#pinker
http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/....ucdp/datasets/genera
http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/UCDP/
http://www.warsintheworld.com/....?page=static12582542
http://www.historyofwar.org/
www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/b....ook/?GCOI=8014010031
http://stevenpinker.com/public....ations/better-angels
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/....smart-news/globally-
http://www.hsrgroup.org/docs/P....ublications/HSR2013/
http://www.fastcoexist.com/302....7220/despite-what-se
http://www.hiik.de/en/index.html
http://www.economist.com/news/....briefing/21589431-br
http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fexploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu%2Fimages%2Fcolonialism1914.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fexploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu%2Fteachers%2Fcurriculum%2Fm10%2Factivity3.php&h=595&w=572&tbnid=2zMBfrH3kFb67M%3A&zoom=1&docid=JNfrQDGwU2CsRM&ei=In8cVPzWBeTiywOHsYGgDQ&tbm=isch&client=firefox-a&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=279&page=1&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=0CDIQrQMwAw
http://www.economist.com/content/inner-turmoil

Sources: https://sites.google.com/view/sourcesallthebombs/

What happens if we make a huge pile from all 15,000 nuclear bombs and pull the trigger? And what happens if we make an even bigger pile?


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Help us caption & translate this video!https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2

Go ‘beyond the nutshell’ at https://brilliant.org/nutshell/ and dive deeper into these topics and more with a free 30-day trial!
This video was sponsored by Brilliant. Thanks a lot for the support!

Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/....sources-impossible-m

You are cells. Your muscles, organs, skin and hair. They are in your blood and in your bones.
Cells are biological robots. They don’t want anything, they don’t feel anything. They are never sad or happy. They just are, right here, right now. They are as conscious as a stone or a chair or a neutron star. Cells just follow their programming that has been evolving and changing for billions of years, molded by natural selection.
They are impossible machines and yet, here they are, driven entirely by the fundamental forces of the universe. The smallest unit of life, right at the border where physics becomes biology.
Sometimes, to get a truer understanding of how amazing something is, you need to hold your breath and dive in really deep. So, what are cells and how do they work?


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Sources:
https://sites.google.com/view/....sources-world-war-an

Every day billions of soldiers fight a merciless war on thousands of fronts, that has been going on for over one hundred million years: The world war of the ants.


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Nuclear energy might be a failed experiment. In over sixty years the technology has not only failed to keep its promise of cheap, clean and safe energy, it also caused major catastrophes and enabled more nuclear weapons while the nuclear waste problem is still not solved.

Why nuclear energy is awesome: http://bit.ly/1F1V8Mc
Brief Introduction into nuclear energy: http://bit.ly/1CdmAIk

If you want to support us and get a free audiobook go to www.audible.com/nutshell

Also thanks a lot for the help to Michael Büker! Follow him @emtiu


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3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible!

If you want to continue thinking about black holes a tad more, you can do so by getting one of the many black hole related things the Kurzgesagt team made with love:
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Our Video on Neutronstars: https://youtu.be/udFxKZRyQt4
Our Video on the Information Paradox: https://youtu.be/yWO-cvGETRQ

Black holes are the most powerful and extreme things in the universe and they are wildly weird and complicated. What would happen if you fell inside one and what are they really?

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Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/....sourcesclimaterespon

Special thanks to the team at Our World for helping us out with data and research!
https://ourworldindata.org/

This video is part of a series about climate change supported by Breakthrough Energy – a coalition founded by Bill Gates, that is working to expand clean-energy investment and support the innovations that will lead the world to net-zero carbon emissions.
https://www.gatesnotes.com/Climate-and-energy?WT.mc_id=20200625100000_ClimateCtr2020_CTRKurt-YT_&WT.tsrc=CTRKurtYT

Since the Industrial Revolution, humans have released over 1.5 trillion tonnes of carbon dioxide or CO2 into the earth's atmosphere. In the year 2019 we were still pumping out around 37 billion more. That’s 50% more than the year 2000 and almost three times as much as 50 years ago. And it’s not just CO2. We’re also pumping out growing volumes of other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide. Combining all of our greenhouse gases, we’re emitting 51 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents each year.
And emissions keep rising – but they need to get down to 0!

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We created our first app ‘Universe in a Nutshell’, together with Tim Urban of Wait but Why!
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Wait But Why:
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Video on Red Dwarfs:
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What is the largest star in the Universe? And why is it that large? And what ARE stars anyway?

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Go to https://ground.news/nutshell to get 30% off unlimited access to Ground News - a website and app that gathers the world’s news in one place so you can compare coverage and find common ground.

Sources & further reading: https://sites.google.com/view/....sources-why-we-hate-

In 2022 nearly half of Americans expected a civil war in the next few years, one in five now believes political violence is justified. And it is not just the US but around the world. People increasingly see themselves as part of opposing teams.

There are many different reasons for this, but one gets blamed a lot: social media. Social media divides us, makes us more extreme and less empathetic, it riles us up or sucks us into doom scrolling, making us stressed and depressed. It feels like we need to touch grass and escape to the real world.

New research shows that we might have largely misinterpreted why this is the case. It turns out that the social media internet may uniquely undermine the way our brains work but not in the way you think.


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Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/sourceslifeandsize3

In and out, in and out. Staying alive is about doing things. This very second, your cells are combusting glucose molecules with oxygen to make energy available, which keeps you alive for another precious moment. To get the oxygen to your cells you are breathing.
Breathing is an answer to a very hard problem: How do you get the resources that your cells need to survive, from the outside, to the inside of your cells? Every living thing has to solve this problem and the solution is surprisingly different depending on one of the most important regulators of life: Size.

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Sources & further reading:
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The sun. Smooth and round and peaceful. Except when it suddenly vomits radiation and plasma in random directions. These solar flares and coronal mass ejections, or CMEs can hit earth and have serious consequences for humanity.

How exactly do they work, how bad could they be and can we prepare for them?

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If Neptune didn't catch Triton we might have another Dwarf Planet in our Solar system -- maybe even another Planet or double system. We show how this could have happened.

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How to catch a Dwarf Planet -- Triton
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(Did you really think there'd be no Tardis? We are just making it harder.) (Just realized it might look terrible on some screens -- sorry. We obviously didn't think this through).

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Here in the Kurzgesagt labs we test very important ideas to see what happens when you blow things up or play with black holes. Many of you suggested that we look into an idea that sounds reasonable: Shooting nuclear waste into space. It is one of those concepts that seems like an easy fix for one of the main problems with nuclear energy. But it turns out this idea is not just bad but horribly bad and it gets worse the longer you think about it.

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In nearly every corner of the Earth, ants wage war against each other. Their weapons are what nature gave them. Some have strong armour, deadly stingers or sharp mandibles. And then there is this tiny, and not very impressive ant. But it rules the biggest empire any ant has ever built. A colony spanning continents and fighting wars that leave millions of casualties. Let’s take a look at this unlikely warrioress: Linepithema humile, the Argentine ant.


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Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/sources-climate-how/

This video was supported by Gates Notes, the personal blog of Bill Gates, where he writes about global health, climate change, and more. Check out it out to learn more about ways the world can work together to reach zero greenhouse gas emissions:
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Never before in human history have we been richer, more advanced or powerful. And yet we feel overwhelmed in the face of rapid climate change. It seems simple on the surface. Greenhouse gases trap energy from the Sun and transfer it to our atmosphere. This leads to warmer winters, harsher summers. Dry places become drier and wet places wetter. Countless ecosystems will die while the rising oceans swallow coasts and the cities we build on them.

So why don’t we just like… prevent all of that? Well, it’s complicated.

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Designer babies, the end of diseases, genetically modified humans that never age. Outrageous things that used to be science fiction are suddenly becoming reality. The only thing we know for sure is that things will change irreversibly.


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SOURCES AND FURTHER READING:
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The best book we read about the topic: GMO Sapiens

https://goo.gl/NxFmk8

(affiliate link, we get a cut if buy the book!)


– Good Overview by Wired:
http://bit.ly/1DuM4zq

–timeline of computer development:
http://bit.ly/1VtiJ0N

– Selective breeding:
http://bit.ly/29GaPVS

– DNA:
http://bit.ly/1rQs8Yk

– Radiation research:
http://bit.ly/2ad6wT1

– inserting DNA snippets into organisms:
http://bit.ly/2apyqbj

– First genetically modified animal:
http://bit.ly/2abkfYO

– First GM patent:
http://bit.ly/2a5cCox

– chemicals produced by GMOs:
http://bit.ly/29UvTbh
http://bit.ly/2abeHwU
http://bit.ly/2a86sBy

– Flavr Savr Tomato:
http://bit.ly/29YPVwN

– First Human Engineering:
http://bit.ly/29ZTfsf

– glowing fish:
http://bit.ly/29UwuJU

– CRISPR:
http://go.nature.com/24Nhykm

– HIV cut from cells and rats with CRISPR:
http://go.nature.com/1RwR1xI
http://ti.me/1TlADSi

– first human CRISPR trials fighting cancer:
http://go.nature.com/28PW40r

first human CRISPR trial approved by Chinese for August 2016:
http://go.nature.com/29RYNnK

– genetic diseases:
http://go.nature.com/2a8f7ny

– pregnancies with Down Syndrome terminated:
http://bit.ly/2acVyvg
( 1999 European study)

– CRISPR and aging:
http://bit.ly/2a3NYAV
http://bit.ly/SuomTy
http://go.nature.com/29WpDj1
http://ti.me/1R7Vus9

Help us caption & translate this video!

http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2