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Can trees really save us from climate change? For eons, nature has relied on photosynthesis as a big way to keep carbon dioxide levels from getting out of control. But as we have put more carbon into the air, we’ve also cut down many of the forests we need to suck that carbon up. So big tree-planting initiatives like #TeamTrees to the rescue, right? Actually, we need to think bigger. Here’s three ways trees really can help us solve climate change, from a guy who wants to plant a TRILLION trees, to how we might save the forests we’ve got, to scientists hacking biology to make trees even better.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....3waystreescansavethe

Aspect Science: Team Trees Explained https://youtu.be/SLHCA-hHx4Y

Special thanks to Felix Finkbeiner
https://www.plant-for-the-planet.org/en/home

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Why are trees and other plants green? Seems like a simple question. But the answer is full of surprises. Using a special camera that can pick up light just beyond the visible range, into the near-infrared, you’ll get to see trees like you’ve never seen them before. And these other-worldly images can teach us not only why trees are green on Earth, but what color photosynthetic life on other planets might be.
#TeamTrees

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....treesonotherplanets-

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Crashing a car is usually not a good idea. But sometimes, it can save lives.
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

No one ever wants to get in a car crash. But if you ever do, be very thankful for the engineers who crash test cars. You may have seen crash test simulations on TikTok using physics engines like BeamNG but I promise you they are nothing compared to the real thing! Join us for this DEEP dive into the physics of car crashes and the ways that engineers hack Newton's laws to keep you safe.

Filmed on location at the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety https://www.iihs.org/
IIHS on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@iihs-hldi
IIHS resources for teachers: https://classroom.iihs.org/

Crash test sensor car by PocketLab: https://www.thepocketlab.com/

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....be-smart-crash-test-

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0:00 Intro - Deep dive into crash testing
1:37 Welcome to crash test HQ
2:25 She crashes cars for a living
3:42 A visit with Isaac Newton
5:41 Why Newton's 2nd law rules all
11:21 New problems, new crash tests
14:37 Very finely-tuned violence
17:58 How engineers prepare a crash test (lots of duct tape)
20:42 Who you callin' dummy, dummy?
25:02 Car go BOOM (and the aftermath)
31:00 In the future, will cars be smart enough not to crash?
36:24 Conclusion and extras

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Head to Physics Girl for electromagnetic explosions! https://youtu.be/AXOa66-k9MA

Musical tesla coils are awesome. I went to visit Arc Attack, the legendary musical tesla coil band, to find out how they work (and to stand in between them!) I brought my friend Physics Girl along too

Step inside the Tesla coils in this 360 video: https://youtu.be/2SNcbNlbyVo

Special thanks to:
ArcAttack
http://arcattack.com/

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @DrJoeHanson
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

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Blame it on the slime molds. And the Mongols.
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There is no phase of a human’s lifetime that is as strange and disgus....er....magical as the transition from childhood into adulthood - that handful of years that we call . . . PUBERTY. Why does it happen? How does it work? Why is it so weird? Join Joe in this whirlwind tour of the endocrine system to find the answers.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....why-is-puberty-so-we

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Honeycomb. Strawberries. Flower pods. Some people find these things incredibly scary. We call this extreme fear trypophobia. But why does it exist?

REFERENCES: http://bit.ly/2NvhWki

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Could humans ever evolve to have wings? Why don’t fish have propellers? Why don’t tigers have wheels? Why don’t zebras have laser turrets? These might all seem like stupid questions (and maybe they are!) but they can teach us a lot about how evolution actually works, and how it doesn’t work.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....whatisimpossible-ref

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Why is the weatherperson wrong?
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What is El Niño? Why can’t we predict the weather? Just a few slight changes in global climate patterns can drastically shift the weather. Thanks to chaos theory, even our smartest meteorologists can’t predict weather correctly.

Cool demonstration of the Butterfly Effect: http://www.exploratorium.edu/c....omplexity/java/loren

2:20 El Niño graph by Jan Null: http://ggweather.com/enso/oni.htm


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @DrJoeHanson
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc.
Kate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
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Theme music: “Ouroboros” by Kevin MacLeod

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The Nobel Prizes reward the greatest accomplishments of the human race. Right? Then why haven't they changed much in 100+ years? Do they really represent how science is done? And why so few women?

References and more:

Molly Oldfield - The Secret Museum http://amzn.to/173lLpj

Georgia Lupi Nobel Prize infographic: http://www.brainpickings.org/i....ndex.php/2012/11/29/

Alfred Nobel's will: http://www.nobelprize.org/alfr....ed_nobel/will/will-f

Top 10 Nobel snubs: http://www.scientificamerican.....com/slideshow.cfm?id

Nobel Prize controversies (like Johannes Fibiger) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N....obel_Prize_controver

Women who have won science Nobels http://mentalfloss.com/article..../53186/14-women-whov

The Nobel ignores how modern science works: http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-....talk/aerospace/astro

Nobel prize and myth of the "lone genius" http://blogs.scientificamerica....n.com/the-curious-wa

Thomas Edison on success: http://www.brainpickings.org/i....ndex.php/2013/02/11/

Steve Jobs on creativity: http://www.wired.com/wired/arc....hive/4.02/jobs_pr.ht

Open letter to Nobel committee: http://www.newscientist.com/ar....ticle/dn17863-open-l

Thumbnail art via catwalker/Shutterstock

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I mean… how do you really know?
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If we lived light years from Earth, how would we know there’s life here? Let’s take a look at the search for extraterrestrial life on habitable exoplanets, and discover what biosignatures would show someone else that we’re here.

REFERENCES:
http://exoplanet.eu/

Kaltenegger, Lisa. “How to Characterize Habitable Worlds and Signs of Life.” Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 55, no. 1 (August 18, 2017): 433–85. https://doi.org/10.1146/annure....v-astro-082214-12223

Sagan, Carl. “Is There Life On Earth?” Engineering and Science 35, no. 4 (1972): 16–19.

Sagan, Carl, W. Reid Thompson, Robert Carlson, Donald Gurnett, and Charles Hord. “A Search for Life on Earth from the Galileo Spacecraft.” Nature 365 (October 21, 1993): 715.

Schwieterman, Edward W., Nancy Y. Kiang, Mary N. Parenteau, Chester E. Harman, Shiladitya DasSarma, Theresa M. Fisher, Giada N. Arney, et al. “Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life.” Astrobiology 18, no. 6 (June 2018): 663–708. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2017.1729.

Seager, Sara, and Drake Deming. “Exoplanet Atmospheres.” Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 48, no. 1 (August 2010): 631–72. https://doi.org/10.1146/annure....v-astro-081309-13083

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BOOKS WE’VE FEATURED:
http://smart-books.tumblr.com/

-----------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editors/animators: Derek Borsheim and Sara Roma
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Nothing is guaranteed in life except death, taxes, and entropy. What do other life forms have to teach us about staying alive as we get old, and will we ever conquer death?

REFERENCES:

Arias, E. et al. (2013). United States life tables eliminating certain causes of death, 1999–2001. National Vital Statistics Reports 61(9)

De Cecco, M. et al. (2013). Transposable elements become active and mobile in the genomes of aging mammalian somatic tissues. Aging 5(12): 867–883. DOI: 10.18632/aging.100621

Hayflick, L. (2016). Unlike aging, longevity is sexually determined. In Handbook of theories of aging, 3rd ed. (pp. 31-52). New York, NY, Springer.

Hayflick, L. (UCSF School of Medicine). Interview.

Klapper, W. et al. (1998). Longevity of lobsters is linked to ubiquitous telomerase expression. FEBS Letters 439: 143-146

Martinez, D.E. (1998). Mortality patterns suggest lack of senescence in hydra. Experimental Gerontology 33(3): 217–225

Reilly, M.T. et al. (2013). The role of transposable elements in health and diseases of
the central nervous system. The Journal of Neuroscience 33(45): 17577–17586

Roth, A.W. and Polotsky, A.J. (2012). Can we live longer by eating less? A review of caloric restriction and longevity. Maturitas 71: 315–319

Sturm, A. et al. (2015). The mechanism of ageing: primary role of transposable elements in genome disintegration. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 72:1839–1847

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It's definitely higher than "11"
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What is the loudest possible sound? What about the quietest thing we can hear? And what do decibels measure, anyway? In this video you'll learn what makes sound

The loudest sound on Earth (the we know of anyway), great story by Aatish Bhatia: http://nautil.us/blog/the-soun....d-so-loud-that-it-ci

Video of the Papua New Guinea volcano eruption from YouTuber bacobjee: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUREX8aFbMs

Calculation of the shock wave from teleportation: http://www.quora.com/Teleporta....tion/If-you-were-to-

The sometimes-painful effects of different sound pressure levels: http://www.makeitlouder.com/De....cibel%20Level%20Char

How loud are rocket launches? http://testtube.com/dnews/how-....loud-are-space-shutt

NASA's sound suppression water system: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LehY5avJUM

Can a sound be loud enough to kill you? http://www.straightdope.com/co....lumns/read/2298/can-

-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D
Follow me on Twitter/Instagram: @DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
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For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
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John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music:
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French subtitles by Alessandro Dal Cero

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

No Sandra Bullocks were harmed in the making of this video.
Tweet this video ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSjunk Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSjunkFB
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Window chip in the ISS: http://www.esa.int/spaceinimag....es/Images/2016/05/Im
The extent of space debris: http://www.esa.int/spaceinvide....os/Videos/2013/04/Sp
Where did all that debris come from? http://blogs.scientificamerica....n.com/guest-blog/whe
USSTRATCOM space surveillance fact sheet: https://www.stratcom.mil/facts....heets/11/Space_Contr
This is cool: http://stuffin.space/
Every satellite orbiting Earth, visualized: http://qz.com/296941/interacti....ve-graphic-every-act
8 weird pieces of space junk: http://www.wired.com/2009/02/spacestuff/
Project West Ford: http://www.wired.com/2013/08/project-west-ford/

STK animation courtesy of Analytical Graphics, Inc.

Get yourself an awesome IOTBS shirt! http://dftba.com/besmart
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Otters are more than just cute, adorable little fuzzballs, they are one of the greatest conservation success stories of all time. Sea otters are a keystone species, meaning that an entire ecosystem depends on their presence. After they were nearly hunted to extinction for their dense fur, sea urchins (the otters' favorite food) nearly destroyed the Pacific kelp forests, a habitat that hundreds of species rely on for food and shelter.

Thanks to the hard work of conservation scientists at places like the Monterey Bay Aquarium, sea otter populations are on their way back. Here's the story of one orphaned sea otter pup's journey back to the wild

(Whale illustrations by Nobu Tamura/CC-BY-3.0)

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

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Try Audible for 30 days visit https://www.audible.com/ok or text ok to 500 500!
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Air. I bet you never even notice that it’s there. Yet you are swimming in an ocean of it every day. If there’s a literal ton of air pressing down on you all the time, so why don’t we feel it? We look back at the history of physics to learn how we figured out air pressure, why vacuums don’t suck, and how people like Galileo, Torricelli, and Otto von Guericke changed science forever with a few simple experiments. #AirPressure #Physics #Atmosphere

DISCLAIMER: Do not perform the trash bag experiment without adult supervision. Always have a helper nearby so you don’t get trapped in the bag. And never ever put your head inside a trash bag, ever. Here’s how to try it yourself: https://exploratorium.edu/snacks/feeling-pressured

-----------
REFERENCES:
Walker, Gabrielle. An Ocean of Air: Why the Wind Blows and Other Mysteries of the Atmosphere. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008.

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Is overpopulation real? Is Earth filling up with too many humans? How many people can Earth hold, anyway? As our species approaches 8 billion, human overpopulation is a major concern for many people. How can we reduce poverty and our impact on the environment? Do we need a forced one-child policy or something? Maybe not, because when we look at the science and history, populations seem to control themselves. This week we look at all these questions and more.

READ MORE:

https://ourworldindata.org

https://www.sciencemag.org/sit....e/special/population

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/234

https://www.scientificamerican.....com/article/are-mal

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Writer: Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Humans can develop intense relationships, even obsessions, with the things we’re fans of. A huge part of our identities, our emotions, and our lives get tied up in these things. Why are we like this?

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Crowther, T. W., et al. "Mapping tree density at a global scale." Nature 525.7568 (2015): 201-205.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/...

Learn more about forest habitats: http://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats...

And let’s hear it for John Denver… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBEkj...


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

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Check out some beautiful music made from space itself
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There is no sound in space. In the near-vacuum of space, there is nothing to transmit the physical waves that we need to perceive sound. But that doesn't mean we can't MAKE sound from space. This week, I feature several artists using scientific data to create "space sonification" projects. From the longest palindrome ever created to a chorus created from Earth's magnetic field, these pieces lie at the intersection of art and science. More than just art, they allow us to perceive patterns in complex data in a completely new way
Perhaps it answers the question: If the universe had a voice, what song would it sing?

FULL Versions of Pieces Featured:

Robert Alexander - Transit of Venus http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/42845983348/r

Semiconductor Films - "20 Hz"
http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/44264199289/2

Van Allen Belt chorus
http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/32692373350/c

Daniel Starr-Tambor - "Mandala"
http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/15977543553/m (this piece is the longest palndrome ever created, at 62 viginitillion notes!!)

Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by Painted On Productions (http://www.paintedon.com/)

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This video covers all of the main rules associated with fractions. Often math students get intimidated by questions involving fractions; hopefully this helps you understand fractions better and improve your confidence when working with them! Go to jensenmath.ca for FREE math resources.

0:00 - What is a fraction?
1:35 - Reducing fractions
6:06 - Multiplying fractions
10:41 - Dividing fractions
13:43 - Adding and Subtracting fractions
18:21 - Mixed and improper fractions
22:22 - Percent
25:12 - Equations with fractions
28:53 - Rational Exponents
32:10 - Rationalizing the denominator