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Why we yawn, why we hiccup, twitchy eyes (and more)!
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Our bodies do a lot of weird things, and many of them are completely involuntary. Why do we often jerk our bodies awake right before falling asleep? Why do we yawn? Why do we hiccup? Why do some people sneeze when they look at the sun? And why does your eye twitch? This week we'll look at the science behind these crazy involuntary behaviors!
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Read more:
Aristotle's "Book of Problems" free online: http://www.gutenberg.org/files..../12699/12699-h/12699
(it was probably not written by Aristotle, but instead collected after his death)
Yawns: http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20140811-warning-t
Eye twitches: http://www.straightdope.com/co....lumns/read/1603/what
Sun sneezes: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm....c/articles/PMC282140
Hiccups: http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20140127-do-hiccup
Sleep twitches: http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20120522-suffer-fr
http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20120522-suffer-fr
Post-micturition convulsion syndrome: http://io9.com/5810102/the-science-of-pee-shivers
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!
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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
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Produced for PBS Digital Studios
Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern
Theme music:
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Other music via APM
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Last week's video:
There's no such thing as cold: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Akd7MMRKDwc
More videos:
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Why Did We Blow on NES Games? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gf9mtXnJfM
The Science of Game of Thrones - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Utu-LpJn3Is
There Was No First Human - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdWLhXi24Mo
How The Elements Got Their Names - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtg9p6A6xnY
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Time passes for all of us at the same rate of one second per second. But why does it sometimes feel like time is passing so fast, or so slowly? Especially during COVID? Let’s learn about how our brains keep track of and try to make sense of time, and how they get fooled.
Watch our previous video about masks: https://youtu.be/0Tp0zB904Mc
Our entire COVID-19 playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLsmqeqKj7M-
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The hottest and coldest temperatures in our universe are rarely witnessed, but in these rare spots, our understanding of physics is challenged. Weird things happen at extreme hot and absolute cold.
References:
Clark, J. B., Lecocq, F., Simmonds, R. W., Aumentado, J., & Teufel, J. D. (2017). Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light. Nature, 541(7636), 191.
An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed, Bradley W Carroll and Dale A Ostlie, 2006.
An Introduction to Thermal Physics, Daniel Schroeder, 1999.
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Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories.
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Follow me to Atlas Obscura to learn about the discovery of this place: https://youtu.be/mXc1ZeRlOe0
Grab a headset and experience the monarch forest in VR180: https://youtu.be/fSa605IfTiE
The monarch butterfly migration is one of nature’s greatest events. This orange-winged wonder travels up to 4,500 km from all over North America to spend the winter hanging from oyamel fir trees in central Mexico’s mountain forests. I got to go there. Seeing tens of millions of butterflies dangling from the treetops is a truly breathtaking sight. But how does an animal with a brain the size of a poppy seed navigate to this one special place, especially since the last monarchs to make the trip lived 4 or 5 generations earlier? Get ready for an amazing story of science, instinct, and navigation. #nature #monarchbutterfly #migration
Special thanks to:
Dr. Steven Reppert - UMass Medical School
Atlas Obscura: @atlasobscura
Jason Goldman: @jgold85
Phil Torres: @phil_torres
Filmed on location at:
La Reserva de Biosfera de la Mariposa Monarca - Michoacán, Mexico
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Austin, Texas
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REFERENCES:
Guerra, P. A., & Reppert, S. M. (2013). Coldness triggers northward flight in remigrant monarch butterflies. Current Biology, 23(5), 419-423.
Reppert, S. M., Zhu, H., & White, R. H. (2004). Polarized light helps monarch butterflies navigate. Current Biology, 14(2), 155-158.
Reppert, S. M., Guerra, P. A., & Merlin, C. (2016). Neurobiology of monarch butterfly migration. Annual review of entomology, 61, 25-42.
Reppert, S. M., & de Roode, J. C. (2018). Demystifying monarch butterfly migration. Current Biology, 28(17), R1009-R1022.
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How does memory work? And how does… un-memory work? Our brain does a lot of remembering and forgetting every day, so you should probably make room for som info on how it works. You’ll also get to meet some people who can’t make memories, and also never forget anything.
References: http://bit.ly/2rdFW0O
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Writer: Maria Ter-Mikaelian
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Karl Boettcher and Derek Borsheim
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
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What color is a banana? Duh, it’s yellow. But what is yellow? Now that you mention it, how do we see color in the first place? That’s the series of questions that led me to making this video. It started simple and took me down a rabbit hole of decoding our visual system. Turns out it’s way more interesting than I ever thought possible. You might even call it complex. In fact, it’s a wonder it even works. Biology… wow, right?
Thanks to vision researcher Dr. Jay Neitz from the University of Washington for helping us break down this complex science.
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Animals as simple as bees and as complex as you and me… like to have fun. But what’s the point of fun? Do all animals have fun? And for that matter, what is fun?
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In the race to survive, both predators and prey use visual tricks to get ahead. One nearly universal trick is countershading, a color pattern that helps animals erase their own shadows or blend into different backgrounds. It’s worked well enough that nature has produced this pattern over and over again, all over Earth, for at least tens of millions of years.
0:00 Why does every animal look like this?
0:52 A painter's big idea
1:49 Disappearing shadows
2:22 Testing the idea
3:48 Countershading everywhere!
6:10 What about water?
7:22 Making light to hide shadows
8:19 Outro
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....countershading-refer
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If you were taking an engineering class in school and you turned in the human body for your final exam… you would get like, a C+. Or maybe a B- at best. That’s because the human body is full of design flaws. Except they aren’t really design flaws, because the human body wasn’t designed. It was evolved, and it is still evolving. And that means some of our parts don’t work as well as they could, they just work well enough. Here’s a rundown of a few of the human body’s biggest evolutionary fails!
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Scorpions have been terrorizing other creatures on Earth for hundreds of millions of years. They’ve evolved a perfect cocktail of venom that can mess up both predators and prey. But they are also an evolutionary marvel that could show us the way to some powerful new life-saving medicines.
Filmed at the California Academy of Sciences @calacademy https://www.calacademy.org/
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Humanity’s drive to explore our planet is one of the defining characteristics of our species. But exploration only works if you know where you are at any given time. Not so easy when you are out at sea with no visible landmarks and the stars above you are in constant motion. It turns out that the key to solving this puzzle is understanding that in order to know WHERE you are, you have to first know WHEN you are.
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....longitude-references
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Does any other creature on Earth undergo a life transformation as dramatic as the butterfly? I think not. Unfortunately, children's books about very hungry caterpillars skip all the COOL and WEIRD and GROSS stuff that happens along the way. It's time to dig into all the mind-blowing biology behind metamorphosis!
Filmed on location at the California Academy of Sciences
0:00 We were lied to as kids
1:48 Metamorphosis is more common than you think
3:36 It starts with an egg
4:46 Eat/Poop/Grow
6:05 Busting the biggest butterfly myth of all
7:23 Time to take your skin off
8:40 Inside the "sack of magic"
11:08 Metamorphosis,… metamorphosis everywhere
11:55 Why do butterflies do this?
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We know pollution is a problem on earth, but we’re filling space with our junk too. And if we don’t figure out a way to clean up space junk, we could end our interstellar dreams before they even get started. Today, we’re visiting some cool engineers in Switzerland to learn about the space junk problem and the giant space claw that might be the perfect solution.
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....space-junk-reference
Filmed at ClearSpace - Lausanne, Canton Vaud, Switzerland
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...or why do we live on an onion made of magma?
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Thanks to Miles Traer and Mike Osborne for geophysics help on this one!
Why does Earth have a liquid core, and how do we know?
http://scienceblogs.com/starts....withabang/2011/09/28
How many pennies would you have to stack to melt the one on the bottom? http://www.reddit.com/r/asksci....ence/comments/2g8jj9
Why are the inner planets rocky and the outer ones are gas giants?
http://www.quora.com/Why-are-t....he-inner-planets-roc
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-production Intern
Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Stock images via Shutterstock
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As the Earth warms due to human-caused climate change, billions of people in the developing world will face life-threatening heat waves, raising the demand for air conditioning. But powering all of that cooling is going to take more energy, which will require burning more fossil fuels! Are there new air conditioning technologies on the horizon that could solve this paradox?
NOTE: A previous version of this video had a graph at 6:19 with incorrect values. The video has been updated with the correct graph.
Aerial photography by Jeff Arnold
Written by Eli Kintisch and Joe Hanson
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Movies. Video games. YouTube videos. All of them work because we accidentally figured out a way to fool your brain’s visual processing system, and you don’t even know it’s happening. In this video, I talk to neuroscientist David Eagleman about the secret illusions that make the moving picture possible.
Thank you to The Slow-Mo Guys for sharing some incredible footage with us. Here are the full videos:
https://youtu.be/3BJU2drrtCM
https://youtu.be/omuRkUFnnv4
https://youtu.be/eJVpYL44jUQ
References and sources:
https://sites.google.com/view/....be-smart-illusion-of
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If the human body could be distilled down into one molecule, what would our chemical formula be? And WHY is it that way? Is that one scene from Full Metal Alchemist even a little bit true?
There's a whole lot of elements on the periodic table, but life depends on relatively few of them in order to build all the things that keep us alive. This week, we'll look at why the chemistry of life is the way it is…
Special thanks to my miniature co-star Jimmy and his mom Kelly Malek!
Full Metal Alchemist ingredients for human body: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2Oiy3Z2m0c
All the elements in the human body: http://web2.airmail.net/uthman..../elements_of_body.ht
Could non-carbon-based life forms exist? http://www.reddit.com/r/asksci....ence/comments/2v5vij
The chemistry of life: http://www.livescience.com/350....5-chemistry-life-hum
The elemental difference between life and the ocean: http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~cha....rley/papers/ChopraLi
We're born wet, and then we dry out: http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulw....ich/2013/11/25/24721
http://water.usgs.gov/edu/propertyyou.html
Market price of elements: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P....rices_of_elements_an
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!
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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern
Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks
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Last week's video:
%$?# Allergies! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqrnShjM4II
More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8
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The science behind Earth's nocturnal light showClick here to SUBSCRIBE, it's FREE! -- http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
Space might seem like an empty place, but the area surrounding Earth is constantly being bombarded by waves of charged particles released by the Sun: The solar wind. Luckily, thanks to Earth's swirling, molten core (and the magnetic field it provides), we are protected from this planet-sterilizing onslaught like an invisible force field
All that science has a beautiful side effect: It makes the auroras! The Northern and Southern lights are the result of the solar wind and its dance with Earth's magnetic field and polar atmosphere. It's Earth's own cosmic light show!
References for this episode: http://dft.ba/-4G6G
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!
Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by Painted On Productions (http://www.paintedon.com/)
Special thanks to Laura Eakins from UT-Austin's Department of Astronomy
Music in this episode:
Gustav Holst: "Neptune, the Mystic," "Mercury, the Winged Messenger"
Johnny Ripper: "Speak"
Misha Nuis: "Ambient"
Clips used in this episode:
"Aurora 2012" by Christian Mülhauser http://vimeo.com/36141149
Gradient Sun by NASA: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUL4JY15jSg
Auroras underfoot by NASA: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WL_-Zz7JDoA
"Temporal Distortion" by Randy Halverson: http://vimeo.com/36684976
"In Plain Sight" by Brad Goldpaint: http://vimeo.com/52347966
Massive Solar Filament Eruption by NASA: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrnGi-q6iWc
"ISS Stacks" by Christoph Malin: http://vimeo.com/51499009
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