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Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories.

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Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories.

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http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

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It's a long story…
↓ More info and sources below ↓

How do you make a Grand Canyon?

Thanks to Mike from PBS Idea Channel and Jamin from PBS Game/Show for hanging out at the Grand Canyon with me!
https://www.youtube.com/user/pbsideachannel
https://www.youtube.com/user/pbsgameshow

Special thanks to Raymond Schillinger for great camera work!

I was in Arizona recently for Phoenix Comic-Con, and had the amazing pleasure of seeing one of Earth's greatest natural wonders… the Grand Canyon. More than a mile deep, and several miles across, it just defies belief. But I couldn't help but think, the Colorado River down at the bottom isn't that big. How did it cut a canyon so massive? How old is the Grand Canyon?

Here's its story
http://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/....nature/geologicforma

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer… and camera for this one!
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation


Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks


-----------------

Last week's video:
Why Are The Bees Dying?
https://youtu.be/rKQNx0av7eY?l....ist=PLsmqeqKj7M-pINc

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Subscribe so you don't miss any cool science ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
Follow me to Gross Science: http://youtu.be/IDBkj3DjNSM
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Do periodical cicadas "know" how to calculate prime numbers? One of the strangest life cycles in all of biology, explained!

Special thanks to Samuel Orr (www.motionkicker.com) for the beautiful cicada footage!

Learn more about magicicadas at http://www.magicicada.org/

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Our website: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/DrJoeHanson http://instagram.com/okaytbesmart


-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks

-----------------

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Follow me to Infinite Series for 4-Dimensional Bees! https://youtu.be/X8jOxEGVyPo
Don’t miss our next video! SUBSCRIBE! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

From spirals to spots to fractals, nature is full of interesting patterns. Many of these patterns even resemble geometric shapes. One of the most common? Hexagons. Why do we see this six-sided shape occur so many times in nature? This week we explore why hexagons are so common in the natural world, from honeycomb to bubbles to rocks, and what their mathematics, physics, and biology may have in common.

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READ MORE:

D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson. (1917) “On Growth and Form”

Ball, Philip. (2009). “Shapes: nature's patterns: a tapestry in three parts.” OUP Oxford.

Karihaloo, B. L., Zhang, K., & Wang, J. (2013). Honeybee combs: how the circular cells transform into rounded hexagons. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 10(86), 20130299.

Hofmann, Martin, et al. "Why hexagonal basalt columns?." Physical review letters 115.15 (2015): 154301.

Aydin, Atilla, and James M. DeGraff. "Evolution of polygonal fracture patterns in lava flows." Science 239.4839 (1988): 471-476.

Hayashi, Takashi, and Richard W. Carthew. "Surface mechanics mediate pattern formation in the developing retina." Nature 431.7009 (2004): 647.

Kim, Sangwoo, et al. "Hexagonal Patterning of the Insect Compound Eye: Facet Area Variation, Defects, and Disorder." Biophysical journal 111.12 (2016): 2735-2746.

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Andrew Matthews
Writer: Joe Hanson
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

There's nothing wrong with having your head in the clouds!

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

Big thank you to my favorite cloud scientist Dione Rossiter for help researching this episode!

"The Cloudspotter's Guide" by Gavin Pretor-Pinney http://amzn.to/1s3kk2S

The International Cloud Atlas: http://bit.ly/1q0kgLy

William Rankin - The Man Who Rode the Thunder http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cqQzcChFG0

Bacteria that live in the clouds: http://www.pnas.org/content/110/7/2575.abstract

Mass of a cloud: http://mentalfloss.com/article..../49786/how-much-does

Amazing facts about clouds: http://blog.ted.com/2013/07/16..../8-illuminating-fact

A beginner's guide to being a cloudspotter: http://www.theguardian.com/lif....eandstyle/2014/apr/1

How clouds affect climate change: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDo7saKaEys

The clouds and bushes in Super Mario Bros are the same thing: http://www.todayifoundout.com/....index.php/2010/01/th

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

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Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories.

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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

This is part 3 of our special series on Human Ancestry!
Watch the entire series here ►► http://bit.ly/OKTBSHuman
↓↓↓More info and sources below ↓↓↓

In part 3 of our special series on human ancestry, we investigate how closely related we all really are. Basic math tells us that all humans share ancestors. But you’ll be amazed at how recently those shared ancestors lived. Thanks to genetic data in the 21st century, we’re even discovering that we really are all descended from one mother.

-----------
REFERENCES:

Chang, Joseph T. "Recent common ancestors of all present-day individuals." Advances in Applied Probability 31.04 (1999): 1002-1026.

Jorde, Lynn B. "Genetic variation and human evolution." (2003).

Rohde, Douglas LT. "On the common ancestors of all living humans." (2003)

Rohde, Douglas LT, Steve Olson, and Joseph T. Chang. "Modelling the recent common ancestry of all living humans." Nature 431.7008 (2004): 562-566.

Stringer, Chris. “Lone survivors: How we came to be the only humans on earth.” Macmillan, 2012. http://amzn.to/2oIFg3q (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/855581724)

Tattersall, Ian. “Masters of the planet: the search for our human origins.” Macmillan, 2012. http://amzn.to/2pOZrKS (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/733231407)


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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

If cold isn't real, then how can I feel it?
Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
↓ More info and sources below ↓

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You've felt cold before. Sometimes it's cold outside. But what if I told you that "cold" isn't real? There's no substance or quantity called "cold" in science. We can't measure the amount of "cold" in something. Instead it's about what's NOT there. In this week's video, learn the difference between heat and temperature, why a wind makes us feel colder, and what it's like to live as a mass of jiggling atoms. This is the physics of cold
Cool PBS NOVA episode on the search for absolute zero: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2jSv8PDDwA

Richard Feynman on jiggling atoms: http://youtu.be/v3pYRn5j7oI

The movement of atoms in a wind: http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/....askasci/chem03/chem0

Why a breeze feels cool: http://physics.stackexchange.c....om/questions/72163/w

Density of the interstellar medium: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!

-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Google+ https://plus.google.com/+itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images from Shutterstock

-----------------

Last week's video:
How many smells can you smell? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yEtBps-BnI

More videos:
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Why Did We Blow on NES Games? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gf9mtXnJfM
The Science of Game of Thrones - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Utu-LpJn3Is
There Was No First Human - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdWLhXi24Mo
How The Elements Got Their Names - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtg9p6A6xnY

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Check out BrainCraft: http://youtu.be/aucscX191vQ
Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

↓ More info and sources below ↓

Part 1 of 3 in my series about why our bodies are shaped the way they are. Stay tuned for part 2 and 3 later this week! Make sure you head over BrainCraft and check out the rest of our collaboration!

More info:

Still of that crazy face comes from FKA twigs' "Water Me": http://youtu.be/kFtMl-uipA8

Evolution of the nervous system: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E....volution_of_nervous_

Step by step along the evolutionary tree:
http://tolweb.org/Bilateria/2459
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterostome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalochordata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnathostomata

Evolutionary timeline of vertebrates: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2008/03/03/tree/

How old are Hox genes: http://www.nature.com/nrg/jour....nal/v8/n5/full/nrg21
Hox genes in development: The Hox Code http://www.nature.com/scitable..../topicpage/hox-genes

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Motion Graphics and Editing - Arts+Labor
Stephanie Noone - Producer, Arts+Labor
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

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Welcome to… Jurassic Pluck
Subscribe: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub Twitter: @DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Most people are taught that dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago when a giant meteor crashed into the Yucatan peninsula. I'm here to tell you that's wrong. Dinosaurs are alive and well today, and you don't have to go to Jurassic World to see them (although hanging out with Chris Pratt would be cool)
We have living dinosaurs all around us. We just call them "birds". Yes. Birds are dinosaurs.

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

The tetrapod playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLsmqeqKj7M-

Special thanks to Scott Hartman (http://www.skeletaldrawing.com/) for the great Deinonychus and Archaeopteryx illustrations

More info/sources:

Great Audubon article on dinosaur-bird evolution http://www.audubon.org/magazin....e/january-february-2
Dig deeper with this hour-long Yale lecture by Dr. Richard Prum: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao7Q8kOqjfs
Dr. John Hutchinson's research on dinosaur/bird posture
http://whatsinjohnsfreezer.com..../2013/04/24/3d_dinos
Chickens wearing prosthetic tails, for science!
http://journals.plos.org/ploso....ne/article?id=10.137
T. rex had a wishbone: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/....science-nature/this-
Did prey grasping of dinosaurs evolve into bird flight stroke? http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/v....ertebrates/flight/av
Reconstructing dinosaur sounds http://www.sandia.gov/LabNews/....LN12-19-97/dinosaur_
Great TED-Ed video on the evolution of feathers in dinosaurs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPLgfGX1I5Y
Brian Switek on dinosaur feathers: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/....ist/?next=/science-n
What do birds see? http://www.nwf.org/news-and-ma....gazines/national-wil
Tetrachromacy and feathers in dinosaurs: http://www.sciencemag.org/cont....ent/346/6208/416.sho


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
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Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks
Birds of paradise clips via PBS Nature

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

…and how did it evolve in the first place?
Tweet ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSsleep Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSsleepFB
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Why do we sleep? We spend a third of our lives in slumber, but science has yet to determine exactly why we have do it. Here’s a look at how sleep works, why we’re not getting enough sleep, what happens if you DON’T sleep, and an idea about where sleep came from in the first place.

Follow me to The Good Stuff’s sleep playlist: https://youtu.be/RHCcM7LyZdc?l....ist=PLsRLUurFnvvUCys

Also check out BrainCraft:
https://youtu.be/yv-XNKK9laE
https://youtu.be/ZPpvS9wDOcA

For more, read:

“Dreamland: Adventures in the Strange Science of Sleep” by David K. Randall http://amzn.to/1MB38dt

"The Universal Pastime: Sleep and Rest Explained" by Dr Richard Horner http://amzn.com/B00NT9O60O

Cool research on melatonin in sea worm larvae: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10..../02/science/the-evol

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc.
Kate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Arts & Labor - Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: “Ouroboros” by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
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Time passes for all of us at the same rate of one second per second. But why does it sometimes feel like time is passing so fast, or so slowly? Especially during COVID? Let’s learn about how our brains keep track of and try to make sense of time, and how they get fooled.

Watch our previous video about masks: https://youtu.be/0Tp0zB904Mc

Our entire COVID-19 playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLsmqeqKj7M-

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....how-perceive-time-re

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
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Want more cool physics? Check out Physics Girl! http://youtube.com/physicsgirl
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The hottest and coldest temperatures in our universe are rarely witnessed, but in these rare spots, our understanding of physics is challenged. Weird things happen at extreme hot and absolute cold.


References:

Clark, J. B., Lecocq, F., Simmonds, R. W., Aumentado, J., & Teufel, J. D. (2017). Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light. Nature, 541(7636), 191.

An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed, Bradley W Carroll and Dale A Ostlie, 2006.

An Introduction to Thermal Physics, Daniel Schroeder, 1999.


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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Mara Johnson-Groh
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Karl Boettcher and Derek Borsheim
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories.

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To learn more about Brilliant, go to https://brilliant.org/BeSmart/ and sign up for free. First 200 people will get 20% off the annual Premium subscription.
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

How does memory work? And how does… un-memory work? Our brain does a lot of remembering and forgetting every day, so you should probably make room for som info on how it works. You’ll also get to meet some people who can’t make memories, and also never forget anything.

References: http://bit.ly/2rdFW0O
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Maria Ter-Mikaelian
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Karl Boettcher and Derek Borsheim
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

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Nothing can travel faster than light — in a vacuum. But when light slows down, sometimes matter can blaze past that speed limit, creating a stunning glow called Cherenkov radiation. We can see this glow in a nuclear reactor as high-energy particles speed by. It offers us a window into a realm of the universe that is usually invisible to us.

Filmed at the J. J. Pickle Research Campus at the University of Texas at Austin

References ►► https://sites.google.com/view/....cherenkov-radiation-

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0:00 A strange blue glow
1:24 How to slow light down
3:19 The right way to think about light
5:41 How to make a photonic boom
7:51 Who discovered this?
8:25 Why this matters
9:45 Extras!


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What color is a banana? Duh, it’s yellow. But what is yellow? Now that you mention it, how do we see color in the first place? That’s the series of questions that led me to making this video. It started simple and took me down a rabbit hole of decoding our visual system. Turns out it’s way more interesting than I ever thought possible. You might even call it complex. In fact, it’s a wonder it even works. Biology… wow, right?

Thanks to vision researcher Dr. Jay Neitz from the University of Washington for helping us break down this complex science.

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
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