Thank you to Brilliant for supporting PBS. To learn more, go to: https://brilliant.org/BeSmart/
We’re on PATREON! Join the community https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

Animals as simple as bees and as complex as you and me… like to have fun. But what’s the point of fun? Do all animals have fun? And for that matter, what is fun?

SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....whyarethingsfunrefer

-----------

High fives to all our Brain Trust Patrons:

paul andre bouis
Mark Littlehale
Ali Freiburger
Mehdi Damou
Barbora Bei
Burt Humburg
Roy Lasris
dani bowman
David Johnston
Salih Arslan
Baerbel Winkler
Robert Young
Eric Meer
Dustin
Karen Haskell

Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Thank you to LEGO City for supporting PBS. To discover more go to http://lego.build/CITYSpace
We’re on PATREON now! Join the community ►► https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

What color is a banana? Duh, it’s yellow. But what is yellow? Now that you mention it, how do we see color in the first place? That’s the series of questions that led me to making this video. It started simple and took me down a rabbit hole of decoding our visual system. Turns out it’s way more interesting than I ever thought possible. You might even call it complex. In fact, it’s a wonder it even works. Biology… wow, right?

Thanks to vision researcher Dr. Jay Neitz from the University of Washington for helping us break down this complex science.

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
AlecZero
Bob Rosset
Brent M.
Diego Lombeida

-----------
Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

Thank you to Foreo for supporting PBS. For more information, go to https://foreo.se/fmg3 and use code PBSFOREO
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

Nothing can travel faster than light — in a vacuum. But when light slows down, sometimes matter can blaze past that speed limit, creating a stunning glow called Cherenkov radiation. We can see this glow in a nuclear reactor as high-energy particles speed by. It offers us a window into a realm of the universe that is usually invisible to us.

Filmed at the J. J. Pickle Research Campus at the University of Texas at Austin

References ►► https://sites.google.com/view/....cherenkov-radiation-

SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

We’re on PATREON! Join the community ►► https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

0:00 A strange blue glow
1:24 How to slow light down
3:19 The right way to think about light
5:41 How to make a photonic boom
7:51 Who discovered this?
8:25 Why this matters
9:45 Extras!


-----------

High fives to all our Brain Trust Patrons:

Jaap Westera
Millennial Glacier
Mark Littlehale
Mehdi Damou
Barbora Bei
Burt Humburg
dani bowman
David Johnston
Salih Arslan
Baerbel Winkler
Robert Young
Eric Meer
Dustin
Karen Haskell

Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

This episode of Be Smart is licensed exclusively to YouTube.

To learn more about Brilliant, go to https://brilliant.org/BeSmart/ and sign up for free. First 200 people will get 20% off the annual Premium subscription.
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

How does memory work? And how does… un-memory work? Our brain does a lot of remembering and forgetting every day, so you should probably make room for som info on how it works. You’ll also get to meet some people who can’t make memories, and also never forget anything.

References: http://bit.ly/2rdFW0O
-----------
FOLLOW US:

Twitter:@DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart
Instagram: @DrJoeHanson
Merch: https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart


SEND US STUFF:

It’s Okay To Be Smart
PO Box 303356
Austin, TX 78703
USA

BOOKS WE’VE FEATURED:
http://smart-books.tumblr.com/

-----------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Maria Ter-Mikaelian
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Karl Boettcher and Derek Borsheim
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

Imagine the scale of raindrops if you were the size of a small bird. Or mosquito. Flying through a drizzle should be deadly! Like flying through falling cars and boulders. And yet it’s not, because nature has given them a superpower—superhydrophobic surfaces that repel water and keep them airborne. How do these microscopic structures work? And how has modern engineering been inspired by them?

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....superhydrophobic-ref

Mosquito vs. Raindrop footage courtesy of David Hu and Andrew Dickerson

-----------

High fives to all our Brain Trust Patrons:

Olivia Ruiz
Mike and Patty Loftis
Ed Eyden
Jennifer Burton
Holly, Brett, and Ashe Bullion
Jaap Westera
Barbora Bei
dani bowman
David Johnston
Baerbel Winkler
Eric Meer
Karen Haskell

Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Follow me to Atlas Obscura to learn about the discovery of this place: https://youtu.be/mXc1ZeRlOe0
Grab a headset and experience the monarch forest in VR180: https://youtu.be/fSa605IfTiE

The monarch butterfly migration is one of nature’s greatest events. This orange-winged wonder travels up to 4,500 km from all over North America to spend the winter hanging from oyamel fir trees in central Mexico’s mountain forests. I got to go there. Seeing tens of millions of butterflies dangling from the treetops is a truly breathtaking sight. But how does an animal with a brain the size of a poppy seed navigate to this one special place, especially since the last monarchs to make the trip lived 4 or 5 generations earlier? Get ready for an amazing story of science, instinct, and navigation. #nature #monarchbutterfly #migration

Special thanks to:
Dr. Steven Reppert - UMass Medical School
Atlas Obscura: @atlasobscura
Jason Goldman: @jgold85
Phil Torres: @phil_torres

Filmed on location at:
La Reserva de Biosfera de la Mariposa Monarca - Michoacán, Mexico
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Austin, Texas

SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

-----------
REFERENCES:

Guerra, P. A., & Reppert, S. M. (2013). Coldness triggers northward flight in remigrant monarch butterflies. Current Biology, 23(5), 419-423.

Reppert, S. M., Zhu, H., & White, R. H. (2004). Polarized light helps monarch butterflies navigate. Current Biology, 14(2), 155-158.

Reppert, S. M., Guerra, P. A., & Merlin, C. (2016). Neurobiology of monarch butterfly migration. Annual review of entomology, 61, 25-42.

Reppert, S. M., & de Roode, J. C. (2018). Demystifying monarch butterfly migration. Current Biology, 28(17), R1009-R1022.

-----------
FOLLOW US for more curiosity:

Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart

Books from our episodes:
http://smart-books.tumblr.com/

Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories.

Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

Want more cool physics? Check out Physics Girl! http://youtube.com/physicsgirl
Be cool and SUBSCRIBE! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

The hottest and coldest temperatures in our universe are rarely witnessed, but in these rare spots, our understanding of physics is challenged. Weird things happen at extreme hot and absolute cold.


References:

Clark, J. B., Lecocq, F., Simmonds, R. W., Aumentado, J., & Teufel, J. D. (2017). Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light. Nature, 541(7636), 191.

An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed, Bradley W Carroll and Dale A Ostlie, 2006.

An Introduction to Thermal Physics, Daniel Schroeder, 1999.


-----------
FOLLOW US:

Twitter: @DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart
Instagram: @DrJoeHanson
Merch: https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart

SEND US STUFF:

It’s Okay To Be Smart
PO Box 303356
Austin, TX 78703
USA

BOOKS WE’VE FEATURED:
http://smart-books.tumblr.com/

-----------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Mara Johnson-Groh
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Karl Boettcher and Derek Borsheim
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓

We’re on PATREON! Join the community ►► https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

Time passes for all of us at the same rate of one second per second. But why does it sometimes feel like time is passing so fast, or so slowly? Especially during COVID? Let’s learn about how our brains keep track of and try to make sense of time, and how they get fooled.

Watch our previous video about masks: https://youtu.be/0Tp0zB904Mc

Our entire COVID-19 playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLsmqeqKj7M-

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....how-perceive-time-re

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
AlecZero
Amory Silva
Amy Sowada
Baerbel Winkler
Benjamin Teinby
Denzel Holmes
Diego Lombeida
Dustin
Eric Meer
George Gladding
Jay Stephens
Karen Haskell
Marcus Tuepker
Megan K Bradshaw
Peter Ehrnstrom
Robert Young
Salih Arslan
Vincbis
Zenimal


Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Why we yawn, why we hiccup, twitchy eyes (and more)!
Don’t miss our next video! SUBSCRIBE! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jtotheizzoe

Our bodies do a lot of weird things, and many of them are completely involuntary. Why do we often jerk our bodies awake right before falling asleep? Why do we yawn? Why do we hiccup? Why do some people sneeze when they look at the sun? And why does your eye twitch? This week we'll look at the science behind these crazy involuntary behaviors!

MY T-SHIRT: http://www.cognitive-surplus.c....om/product/science-i

Read more:

Aristotle's "Book of Problems" free online: http://www.gutenberg.org/files..../12699/12699-h/12699
(it was probably not written by Aristotle, but instead collected after his death)

Yawns: http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20140811-warning-t

Eye twitches: http://www.straightdope.com/co....lumns/read/1603/what

Sun sneezes: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm....c/articles/PMC282140

Hiccups: http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20140127-do-hiccup

Sleep twitches: http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20120522-suffer-fr
http://www.bbc.com/future/stor....y/20120522-suffer-fr

Post-micturition convulsion syndrome: http://io9.com/5810102/the-science-of-pee-shivers

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!

-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Google+ https://plus.google.com/+itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images from Shutterstock

-----------------

Last week's video:
There's no such thing as cold: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Akd7MMRKDwc

More videos:
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Why Did We Blow on NES Games? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gf9mtXnJfM
The Science of Game of Thrones - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Utu-LpJn3Is
There Was No First Human - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdWLhXi24Mo
How The Elements Got Their Names - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtg9p6A6xnY

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

…and how did it evolve in the first place?
Tweet ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSsleep Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSsleepFB
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Why do we sleep? We spend a third of our lives in slumber, but science has yet to determine exactly why we have do it. Here’s a look at how sleep works, why we’re not getting enough sleep, what happens if you DON’T sleep, and an idea about where sleep came from in the first place.

Follow me to The Good Stuff’s sleep playlist: https://youtu.be/RHCcM7LyZdc?l....ist=PLsRLUurFnvvUCys

Also check out BrainCraft:
https://youtu.be/yv-XNKK9laE
https://youtu.be/ZPpvS9wDOcA

For more, read:

“Dreamland: Adventures in the Strange Science of Sleep” by David K. Randall http://amzn.to/1MB38dt

"The Universal Pastime: Sleep and Rest Explained" by Dr Richard Horner http://amzn.com/B00NT9O60O

Cool research on melatonin in sea worm larvae: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10..../02/science/the-evol

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Snapchat: YoDrJoe

-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc.
Kate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Arts & Labor - Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: “Ouroboros” by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

Welcome to… Jurassic Pluck
Subscribe: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub Twitter: @DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Most people are taught that dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago when a giant meteor crashed into the Yucatan peninsula. I'm here to tell you that's wrong. Dinosaurs are alive and well today, and you don't have to go to Jurassic World to see them (although hanging out with Chris Pratt would be cool)
We have living dinosaurs all around us. We just call them "birds". Yes. Birds are dinosaurs.

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

The tetrapod playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLsmqeqKj7M-

Special thanks to Scott Hartman (http://www.skeletaldrawing.com/) for the great Deinonychus and Archaeopteryx illustrations

More info/sources:

Great Audubon article on dinosaur-bird evolution http://www.audubon.org/magazin....e/january-february-2
Dig deeper with this hour-long Yale lecture by Dr. Richard Prum: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao7Q8kOqjfs
Dr. John Hutchinson's research on dinosaur/bird posture
http://whatsinjohnsfreezer.com..../2013/04/24/3d_dinos
Chickens wearing prosthetic tails, for science!
http://journals.plos.org/ploso....ne/article?id=10.137
T. rex had a wishbone: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/....science-nature/this-
Did prey grasping of dinosaurs evolve into bird flight stroke? http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/v....ertebrates/flight/av
Reconstructing dinosaur sounds http://www.sandia.gov/LabNews/....LN12-19-97/dinosaur_
Great TED-Ed video on the evolution of feathers in dinosaurs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPLgfGX1I5Y
Brian Switek on dinosaur feathers: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/....ist/?next=/science-n
What do birds see? http://www.nwf.org/news-and-ma....gazines/national-wil
Tetrachromacy and feathers in dinosaurs: http://www.sciencemag.org/cont....ent/346/6208/416.sho


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/drjoehanson

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks
Birds of paradise clips via PBS Nature

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

This episode is brought to you by Dropbox https://www.dropbox.com/
Tweet ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBShotair Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBShotairFB
↓ More info and sources below ↓

We uploaded another version of this video on 11/9 but it had a big mistake in it. So we fixed it. This version is full of 100% real science! Sorry for the error.

In the interest of transparency, if you want to watch that wrong version and see what I was wrong about, here's the link: https://youtu.be/qR9hucj02u0

We’ve got t-shirts! Get yours here: http://store.dftba.com/collect....ions/its-okay-to-be-


Special thanks to:
The 2015 Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta http://www.balloonfiesta.com/

Pilot Doug Gantt and the Ham-let balloon team http://www.whenpigsfly.bz/


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Snapchat: YoDrJoe

-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc.
Kate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: “Ouroboros” by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Try 23andMe at: http://www.23andme.com/okay
Part 2 of our special series on Human Ancestry. Watch it all: http://bit.ly/OKTBSHuman
↓↓↓More info and sources below ↓↓↓

In part 2 of our special series on human ancestry, we ask why we are the only surviving branch on the human evolutionary tree. Just 50,000-100,000 years ago, Earth was home to three or four separate human species, including our most famous cousins: the Neanderthals. New research has shown that Neanderthals were not the brutish, unintelligent cavemen that cartoons make them out to be. They were creative, smart, social, and perhaps even had complex language. So why did they go extinct as soon as Homo sapiens moved into their territory? Does any trace of them live on today? Why don’t we have Neanderthal neighbors?

-----------
REFERENCES:

Papagianni, Dimitra, and Michael A. Morse. The Neanderthals Rediscovered: How Modern Science Is Rewriting Their Story. Thames & Hudson, 2015. http://amzn.to/2oov6GG (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/923279213)

Stringer, Chris. “Lone survivors: How we came to be the only humans on earth.” Macmillan, 2012. http://amzn.to/2oIFg3q (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/855581724)

Tattersall, Ian. “Masters of the planet: the search for our human origins.” Macmillan, 2012. http://amzn.to/2pOZrKS (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/733231407)

Walter, Chip. “Last ape standing: the seven-million-year story of how and why we survived.” Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2013. http://amzn.to/2pP2liy (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/872121723)


-----------
FOLLOW US:

Merch: https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Twitter: @okaytobesmart @DrJoeHanson
Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Instagram: @DrJoeHanson
Snapchat: YoDrJoe
-----------

It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Whales are INCREDIBLE! Check out #BigBlueLive: http://pbs.org/bigbluelive
Tweet ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSwhales Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSwhalesFB
↓ More info and sources below ↓

PBS and BBC are teaming up to bring you an incredible LIVE nature broadcast direct from Monterey Bay, California called BIG BLUE LIVE. In late summer, thousands and thousands of ocean animals come together here, in one of the richest ecosystems on Earth. We'll be bringing you a week of videos direct from Monterey Bay all about this incredible place and the biology it holds
Big Blue Live airs nightly on PBS 8/31-9/2 at 8 PM ET
Big Blue Live airs on BBC One 8/23 (7PM), 8/27 (8 PM), 8/30 (7 PM)

More info here:
pbs.org/bigbluelive
facebook.com/PBS
facebook.com/BBCBigBlueLive

Follow Joe during Big Blue Live!
Twitter/Periscope: @jtotheizzoe @okaytobesmart
Snapchat: YoDrJoe
Instagram: @jtotheizzoe
Facebook: facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart

(Whale illustrations by Nobu Tamura/CC-BY-3.0)

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Snapchat: YoDrJoe

-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Check out BrainCraft: http://youtu.be/aucscX191vQ
Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

↓ More info and sources below ↓

Part 1 of 3 in my series about why our bodies are shaped the way they are. Stay tuned for part 2 and 3 later this week! Make sure you head over BrainCraft and check out the rest of our collaboration!

More info:

Still of that crazy face comes from FKA twigs' "Water Me": http://youtu.be/kFtMl-uipA8

Evolution of the nervous system: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E....volution_of_nervous_

Step by step along the evolutionary tree:
http://tolweb.org/Bilateria/2459
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterostome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urochordata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalochordata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnathostomata

Evolutionary timeline of vertebrates: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2008/03/03/tree/

How old are Hox genes: http://www.nature.com/nrg/jour....nal/v8/n5/full/nrg21
Hox genes in development: The Hox Code http://www.nature.com/scitable..../topicpage/hox-genes

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Motion Graphics and Editing - Arts+Labor
Stephanie Noone - Producer, Arts+Labor
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

-----------
Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

If cold isn't real, then how can I feel it?
Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jtotheizzoe

You've felt cold before. Sometimes it's cold outside. But what if I told you that "cold" isn't real? There's no substance or quantity called "cold" in science. We can't measure the amount of "cold" in something. Instead it's about what's NOT there. In this week's video, learn the difference between heat and temperature, why a wind makes us feel colder, and what it's like to live as a mass of jiggling atoms. This is the physics of cold
Cool PBS NOVA episode on the search for absolute zero: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2jSv8PDDwA

Richard Feynman on jiggling atoms: http://youtu.be/v3pYRn5j7oI

The movement of atoms in a wind: http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/....askasci/chem03/chem0

Why a breeze feels cool: http://physics.stackexchange.c....om/questions/72163/w

Density of the interstellar medium: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!

-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Google+ https://plus.google.com/+itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images from Shutterstock

-----------------

Last week's video:
How many smells can you smell? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yEtBps-BnI

More videos:
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Why Did We Blow on NES Games? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gf9mtXnJfM
The Science of Game of Thrones - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Utu-LpJn3Is
There Was No First Human - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdWLhXi24Mo
How The Elements Got Their Names - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtg9p6A6xnY

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓

I ran one… FOR SCIENCE!

Don’t miss our next video! SUBSCRIBE! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

So maybe we can't outrun cheetahs or antelope, but humans are uniquely adapted for long distance running. What does science have to say about marathon running? To find out, (and because I was feeling a little crazy) I decided to run one!

Here's what I discovered about the science of long distance running
Endurance running adaptations: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wi....kipedia/commons/7/7d

For more on the science and evolution of distance running, from training plans to cellular physiology, check out Tim Noakes' "The Lore of Running" http://amzn.to/1eKYir9 and Christopher McDougall's "Born to Run" http://amzn.to/NnF7wb

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editor and motion graphics
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced for PBS Digital Studios
-----------
Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

This is part 3 of our special series on Human Ancestry!
Watch the entire series here ►► http://bit.ly/OKTBSHuman
↓↓↓More info and sources below ↓↓↓

In part 3 of our special series on human ancestry, we investigate how closely related we all really are. Basic math tells us that all humans share ancestors. But you’ll be amazed at how recently those shared ancestors lived. Thanks to genetic data in the 21st century, we’re even discovering that we really are all descended from one mother.

-----------
REFERENCES:

Chang, Joseph T. "Recent common ancestors of all present-day individuals." Advances in Applied Probability 31.04 (1999): 1002-1026.

Jorde, Lynn B. "Genetic variation and human evolution." (2003).

Rohde, Douglas LT. "On the common ancestors of all living humans." (2003)

Rohde, Douglas LT, Steve Olson, and Joseph T. Chang. "Modelling the recent common ancestry of all living humans." Nature 431.7008 (2004): 562-566.

Stringer, Chris. “Lone survivors: How we came to be the only humans on earth.” Macmillan, 2012. http://amzn.to/2oIFg3q (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/855581724)

Tattersall, Ian. “Masters of the planet: the search for our human origins.” Macmillan, 2012. http://amzn.to/2pOZrKS (Library: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/733231407)


-----------
FOLLOW US:

Merch: https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Twitter: @okaytobesmart @DrJoeHanson
Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Instagram: @DrJoeHanson
Snapchat: YoDrJoe
-----------

It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Thank you to CuriosityStream for supporting PBS! For more information, go to https://curiositystream.com/smart and USE code SMART.
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY

Follow me to Overview on PBS Terra! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjez0W8SPXc

Glass is made of sand, which is a kind of rock. But glass is transparent, and rocks aren’t transparent. What’s up with that? Why is glass clear? And why can I sit on a chair? And why can we touch anything? Today we zoom down to the weird world of electron clouds and quantum touching to find the answers.

We’re on PATREON! Join the community ►► https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

-----------

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:

Ahmed Elkhanany
Emile Edhouse
Zenimal
Salih Arslan
Baerbel Winkler
Denzel Holmes
Robert Young
Amy Sowada
Benjamin Teinby
Eric Meer
Jay Stephens
Peter Ehrnstrom
Oliver and Arden Bradshaw
Dustin
Marcus Tuepker
George gladding
vincbis .
Karen Haskell
AlecZero
Diego Lombeida
Zenimal

Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/