Check out Two Cents! https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCL8w_A8p8P1HWI3k6
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The flu might feel like some minor illness that you don’t need to worry about much, but tens of thousands of people still die from it every year. And back in 1918, Flu killed up to 5% of the world’s population. Could a flu that bad happen again?

REFERENCES:
https://docs.google.com/docume....nt/d/121YpoKjQvYp2FK

-----------
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Creative Director: David Schulte
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This is an educational video for children in which they will learn the letters c, k and q through a fun song and numerous examples. The kids will discover how to pronounce the letters accompanied by other vowels: ca, ce, ci, co, cu, ka, ke, ki, ko, ku, que, qui. In addition, they will sing along with super fun characters while learning the alphabet.

This video is a very useful and interesting resource for the little ones to learn the letters of the alphabet. It is an excellent video for early childhood education.

Thanks for visiting us! If you want your children to smile and learn, subscribe! :D

If you like our videos, download Smile and Learn now. You’ll discover thousands of activities for children aged 3 to 12 years, all designed by educators. We have hundreds of games, interactive stories and videos in five languages: English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Turkish and French. Try a month for free and start the adventure!

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Sequencing the banana genome: http://news.discovery.com/eart....h/plants/banana-geno

Reddit's r/ELI5 on "sympathetic vomiting": http://www.reddit.com/r/explai....nlikeimfive/comments

Chances we had more than one common ancestor: http://news.discovery.com/anim....als/dinosaurs/life-s

Greenland fossil microbes: http://www.nature.com/ngeo/jou....rnal/v7/n1/full/ngeo

Australia fossil microbes: http://online.liebertpub.com/d....oi/abs/10.1089/ast.2

Ed Yong's awesome article about the origin of the mitochondria: http://nautil.us/issue/10/merg....ers--acquisitions/th

History of "c" as the speed of light: http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/....physics/Relativity/S

Ask Joe #1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkSpmTvCRJA
Ask Joe #2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJvWQMt95A8

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editor and motion graphics
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Produced for PBS Digital Studios
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Welcome to Crash Course Psychology!

Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych!

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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This week Craig looks at the expressed powers of the President of the United States - that is the ones you can find in the Constitution. From appointing judges and granting pardons, to vetoing laws and acting as the nation’s chief diplomat on foreign policy, the Commander in Chief is a pretty powerful person, but actually not as powerful as you might think. The Constitution also limits presidential powers to maintain balance among the three branches of government. Next week we'll talk about the President's powers NOT mentioned in the Constitution - implied powers.

Support is provided by Voqal: http://www.voqal.org
This episode is sponsored by Squarespace: http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse

Chapters:
Introduction: Presidential Power 00:00
Qualifications to become President 1:41
Presidential powers 2:33
Commander-in-Chief 3:26
Diplomatic powers of the President 4:11
State of the Union 4:38
Other formal powers of the President 5:03
Credits 5:56

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Slave codes were a method of protecting the investment of white enslavers in the Colonies by restricting the lives of enslaved people in almost every imaginable way. The codes restricted enslaved people’s ability to move around, or engage in commerce that could make them financially independent - they restricted the opportunities that would allow them to live with even relative freedom. Today, we'll learn how Colonies put laws in place to restrict the movement and freedoms of enslaved people and free Black people.

VIDEO SOURCES

Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).
John Hope Franklin, From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans (New York: Knopf, 1967).
Claude M. Steele, Whistling Vivaldi: How Stereotypes Affect Us and What We Can Do (Reprint Edition ed. 2011).
Black Codes and Slave Codes, Colonial, , Oxford African American Studies Center , http://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.....1093/acref/978019530
Peter H. Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York: W.W. Norton, 1974).
Jennifer L. Morgan, Partus sequitur ventrem: Law, Race, and Reproduction in Colonial Slavery, 22 Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 1–17 (2018).

Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Check out Clint's book: https://bookshop.org/books/how....-the-word-is-passed-

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, Nick, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Laura Damon, Andrei Krishkevich, Sam Ferguson, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Brian Thomas Gossett, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
__

VIDEO SOURCES

-Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).
-John Hope Franklin, From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans (New York: Knopf, 1967).
-Claude M. Steele, Whistling Vivaldi: How Stereotypes Affect Us and What We Can Do (Reprint Edition ed. 2011).
-Black Codes and Slave Codes, Colonial, , Oxford African American Studies Center , http://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.....1093/acref/978019530
-Peter H. Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York: W.W. Norton, 1974).
-Jennifer L. Morgan, Partus sequitur ventrem: Law, Race, and Reproduction in Colonial Slavery, 22 Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 1–17 (2018).

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#crashcourse #history #slavery

We don’t always say exactly what we mean, and yet we’re still pretty good at understanding each other. That’s because we don’t just use meaning to figure out what’s going on, we also use context. This episode of Crash Course Linguistics is all about pragmatics, the area of linguistics that deals with context. We’ll cover the four main assumptions we make about context in language, also known as Grice’s Maxims, as well as the ways that languages can use grammar to convey politeness, and the different types of conversational styles within and between languages.

Want even more linguistics? Check out the Lingthusiasm podcast, hosted by the writers of Crash Course Linguistics: https://lingthusiasm.com/

Carefree by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.....io/song/3476-carefre
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

***
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--

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Comic book heroes ain't got nothin' on evolution.

Click here to SUBSCRIBE and get more great science, it's FREE! -- http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

Evolution has come up with some pretty amazing ways to get things done when it comes to animals, plants and microbes. From radiation-resistant bacteria (like Dr. Manhattan) to geckos who climb glass using atomic adhesion (like Spider-Man) to a shrimp that can shoot a bubble the temperature of the sun (like Aquaman), nature is pretty super!

Watch more YouTube Geek Week videos at http://youtube.com/geekweek

Clips from this episode: http://bit.ly/15aWwcF

Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by Painted On Productions (http://www.paintedon.com/)

Special thanks to Dragon's Lair Comics & Fantasy in Austin, TX

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This week Craig Benzine talks about the importance of elections in the strongest branch of the U.S. Government: Congress. He'll talk about the frequency of elections in the Senate and House, the typical characteristics of a candidate, and the motivating factors our congresspeople follow to get re-elected.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
Support is provided by Voqal: http://www.voqal.org

Chapters:
Introduction: Congressional Elections 00:00
How Congressional Elections Work 0:59
How Congressional Candidates Get Elected 2:16
Characteristics of Congressional Candidates 3:05
Incumbency Advantage 4:21
The Electoral Connection & Why Congressional Elections Matter 6:01
Credits 8:25

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This is our Tiny Tune all about fractions. In this video we look at how divide up a whole into equal parts to give us a denominator. Then the parts that we want to count are called the numerator. Together these give us a fraction. The song gives some simple demonstrations and has a few examples at the end for students to have a go at themselves.

Song Written and Performed by Nathan J Laud.
Animation by Squash & Stretch Animation Ltd.
Copyright 2019 Nathan J Laud/Tiny Tunes: All rights reserved.
This is an ORIGINAL song written in 2019 - any copying is illegal.

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#TinyTunes #NumberSongs #Fractions

Song lyrics
What is a fraction?
We use them for counting part of something,
and all of that something we call a whole.
Then we divide up the whole into equal parts
and we call that the denominator.
And then the parts that we want to count, the numerator.

We are fractions,
we are fractions.
The part of a whole that we want to count,
is a fraction.

If you take a whole pizza,
and cut it up into equal slices.
Then the number of slices goes under then line.
And then your friend comes along and eats up two slices,
and that leaves you with six.
And then the six goes on top,
and we're left with six eights of a pizza.

We are fractions,
we are fractions.
The part of a whole that we want to count,
is a fraction.

Take a big bar of chocolate,
that's divided up into twenty-four parts.
That makes the denominator 24.
And if we break off eight of those chunks of chocolate,
what fraction have we got?
That's right it's eight twenty-forths of a bar of chocolate.

We are fractions,
we are fractions.
The part of a whole that we want to count,
is a fraction.
We are fractions,
we are fractions.
The part of a whole that we want to count,
is a fraction.

So what does perception even mean? What's the difference between seeing something and making sense of it? In today's episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank gives us some insight into the differences between sensing and perceiving.

Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych!
--
Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
Perception: Your Mind's Eye 1:06
Perceptual Set 1:53
Optical Illusions 3:13
Form Perception & Figure-Ground Relationships 3:44
Rules of Grouping: Proximity, Continuity, & Closure 4:53
Depth Perception 5:40
Binocular vs. Monocular Visual Cues 6:11
Motion Perception 7:50
Perceptual Constancy 8:15
Review & Credits 9:12
--

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In the penultimate episode of Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology, Hank explains your adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune system's humoral response guards extracellular terrain against pathogens. Hank also explains B cells, antibodies, and how vaccines work.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!

Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Chapters:
Introduction: Adaptive Immune Responses 00:00
How B Cells Identify Antigens 2:14
B Cells Become Effector Cells & Memory Cells 4:05
How Antibodies Fight Antigens 5:22
Active and Passive Humoral Immunity 6:03
How Vaccines Work 6:27
Review 8:30

***

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks

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Can you take a derivative only partway? Is there any meaning to a "half-derivative"? Does such a concept even make sense? And if so, what do these fractional derivatives look like?


Previous video about Cauchy's Formula for Repeated Integration:
https://youtu.be/jNpKKDekS6k

A really nice video that derives the gamma function from scratch:
https://youtu.be/v_HeaeUUOnc


=Chapters=
0:00 - Interpolating between polynomials
1:16 - What should half derivatives mean?
3:56 - Deriving fractional integrals
8:22 - Playing with fractional integrals
9:12 - Deriving fractional derivatives
13:53 - Fractional derivatives in action
16:19 - Nonlocality
17:54 - Interpreting fractional derivatives
18:51 - Visualizing fractional integrals
22:10 - My thoughts on fractional calculus
23:10 - Derivative zoo


===============================
MAIN SOURCES USED FOR THIS VIDEO

Podlubny, Igor. Fractional Differential Equations: An Introduction to Fractional Derivatives, Fractional Differential Equations, to Methods of Their Solution and Some of Their Applications. Academic Press, 1999

Podlubny, I.: "Geometric and physical interpretation of fractional integration and fractional differentiation." Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis, vol. 5, no. 4, 2002, pp. 367--386.
- (for the visualization trick for fractional integrals)

Edmundo Capelas de Oliveira, José António Tenreiro Machado, "A Review of Definitions for Fractional Derivatives and Integral", Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2014, Article ID 238459, 6 pages, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/238459
- (for the zoo of alternative fractional derivatives)


===============================
Minor correction: The footnote at 7:34 should say the trig substitution produces another *whole* factor of pi (not a root pi) in the numerator which then cancels the *two* root(pi)'s that appear in the denominator from applying the half integral formula twice.


===============================
CREDITS

This video uses the song "Rubix Cube" coming courtesy of Audionautix.com


===============================
Want to support future videos? Become a patron at https://www.patreon.com/morphocular
Thank you for your support!


===============================
The animations in this video were mostly made with a homemade Python library called "Morpho". If you want to play with it, you can find it here:
https://github.com/morpho-matters/morpholib


===============================
This video is part of the 3Blue1Brown Summer of Math Exposition 2 (#SoME2). You can find out more about it here:
https://summerofmathexposition.....substack.com/p/the-

This video is for students aged 14+ studying GCSE Maths.

A video explaining how to simplify algebraic fractions by factorising.

Exam Question Booklets:📝

🔗Exam Question Edexcel Style: https://www.1stclassmaths.com/...._files/ugd/9f3fb0_d2
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🌐 https://www.1stclassmaths.com/ for more high quality revision questions.

0:00 Intro
0:10 How to factorise
2:44 Example 1
3:30 Example 2
4:10 Example 3
5:14 Example 4
6:33 Example with 2 fractions
8:21 Example with 2 fractions and another term

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What is a monopoly? It turns out, it's more than just a board game. It's a terrible, terrible economic practice in which giant corporations dominate markets and hurt consumers. Except when it isn't. In some industries, monopolies are the most efficient way to do business. Utilities like electricity, water, and broadband internet access are probably less efficiently delivered in competitive markets. Come along, and let us monopolize your attention for a few minutes. You might learn something. And you might land on Free Parking.


Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks

--

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In which John Green teaches you about one of the least funny subjects in history: slavery. John investigates when and where slavery originated, how it changed over the centuries, and how Europeans and colonists in the Americas arrived at the idea that people could own other people based on skin color.

Slavery has existed as long as humans have had civilization, but the Atlantic Slave Trade was the height, or depth, of dehumanizing, brutal, chattel slavery. American slavery ended less than 150 years ago. In some parts of the world, it is still going on. So how do we reconcile that with modern life? In a desperate attempt at comic relief, Boba Fett makes an appearance.

Learn more about the Transatlantic Slave Trade in Episode #1 of Crash Course Black American History here: https://youtu.be/S72vvfBTQws

Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
The Atlantic Slave Trade 0:30
The History of European Slave Trade 1:12
How Africans Became Enslaved 1:54
Living Conditions of Enslaved People 2:55
An Open Letter to the Word 'Slave' 5:41
What is the Definition of Slavery? 6:45
Other Models of Slavery: Greek, Roman, Judeo-Christian, and Muslim 7:26
Credits 10:35

Resources:
Inhuman Bondage by David Brion Davis: https://bit.ly/3vdSdTX
Up From Slavery by Booker T Washington: https://bit.ly/3JJlxH4

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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Hank brings us the story of the electron and describes how reality is a kind of music, discussing electron shells and orbitals, electron configurations, ionization and electron affinities, and how all these things can be understood via the periodic table.

Watch this video in Spanish on our Crash Course en Español channel! https://youtu.be/N5apS0tE67c

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Table of Contents
Snobby Scientists 00:43
Great Dane/Bohr Model 01:57
Electrons as Music 04:13
Electron Shells and Orbitals 04:44
Electron Configurations 05:54
Ionization and Electron Affinities 08:17
Periodic Table 10:18

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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Clint Smith teaches you about one of the most famous writers, orators, and advocates of the 19th century, Frederick Douglass. Douglass was born in slavery, escaped to the North, and became one of the most influential people of his time. Douglass wrote about the experience of slavery in a way that captured the attention of people throughout the world, and his work and influence helped directly in the struggle to abolish slavery and achieve emancipation.

Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is available now! https://bookshop.org/a/3859/9780316492935

Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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Sources and References
-David Blight, Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018)
-Christopher James Bonner, Remaking The Republic: Black Politics and the Creation of American Citizenship (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020)
-Kellie Carter Jackson, Force and Freedom: Black Abolitionists and the Politics of Violence (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019).


Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Katie Dean, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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