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This week we head to Tijuana, Mexico to talk with John Ewing, Carmen Montoya, and Christopher Robbins of Ghana Think Tank, who are working on a project to encourage communication at the U.S-Mexico border.
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2. Ask that person for help with your problem

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6. Fame and glory (Your work might be in a future episode)

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In 1958, scientists from Russia left a plastic bust of Vladimir Lenin at the Southern Pole of Inaccessibility, and as of 2007 it was still there. What does it mean? Guest host John Green ponders his fascination with this object and the changing nature of art.

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Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h Today we're going to continue our discussion of public art, this time focusing on murals. We've invited Richard McCoy back to the studio to share with us what exactly murals are, where they came from, and how they can contribute to the betterment of the community.

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Latin American and Latinx Art is celebrated across Southern California with the Getty-funded initiative Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA. Catch a glimpse of as much of the art, artists, experiences, and tacos as we could pack into three days. Thanks to LA Promise Fund for supporting this episode of the Art Assignment.

To support our channel, visit: http://www.patreon.com/artassignment. Thanks to our Grandmaster of the Arts Indianapolis Homes Realty, and all of our patrons, especially Patrick Hanna and Constance Urist.

Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA: http://www.pacificstandardtime.org
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Central Library: http://www.lapl.org/whats-on/exhibits/oaxaca
LA Plaza: http://lapca.org/
Institute of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles: http://www.theicala.org
Hammer Museum: https://hammer.ucla.edu/

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When particle physicist John Huth was briefly lost at sea, he started to wonder how the people around the world who navigate vast oceans figured their way around. What started as an afternoon activity gone awry led him to a years-long research journey, meeting many Pacific Islanders, expert navigators, and other researchers, hoping to crack the puzzle of open ocean navigation. And the key to all of it lies in these ancient stick charts, a non-writing form of communication passed down for generations. Here's how these charts and the observations of expert navigators are teaching physics researchers all about the motion of the ocean.

Hosted by: Madelyn Leembruggen (she/her)
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Most cultures who developed metalworking technology never let the skill go to waste. But in what's now Michigan, Native Americans started making metal tools well before anyone else did, and then stopped. And the reason why this happened is hiding in the very metal that they were working: Copper. Thanks to Alexis Dahl for joining us on this episode. Check her out on YouTube here: https://www.youtube.com/alexisdahl

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Another YouTube #shorts from Dr. Joe! Subscribe for more fun science stories

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The hottest and coldest temperatures in our universe are rarely witnessed, but in these rare spots, our understanding of physics is challenged. Weird things happen at extreme hot and absolute cold.


References:

Clark, J. B., Lecocq, F., Simmonds, R. W., Aumentado, J., & Teufel, J. D. (2017). Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light. Nature, 541(7636), 191.

An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed, Bradley W Carroll and Dale A Ostlie, 2006.

An Introduction to Thermal Physics, Daniel Schroeder, 1999.


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Animals as simple as bees and as complex as you and me… like to have fun. But what’s the point of fun? Do all animals have fun? And for that matter, what is fun?

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The sticky physics that let geckos do what they do!
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Geckos can grip and climb almost anything. Walking up walls, hanging upside down… even from glass. It’s almost like they can defy gravity. How do they do it? The secret lies in nanotechnology. I’ll tell you how that works and how scientists are using this incredible gripping ability to inspire next-generation adhesives. Here's the secret behind a gecko's gravity defying grip.

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Ever wonder why certain sounds make us cringe or even feel sick? Join me as I react to some of the most universally hated sounds, from nails on a chalkboard to the infamous word "moist," and we explore the science of why these sounds are so unbearable to so many and how they can impact our lives.

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At CERN, physicists are searching for answers to some of the biggest questions ever — like how the universe started and where everything comes from. To get one step closer to an answer, CERN scientists recreated the first moment after the Big Bang… making extreme temperatures that hadn’t existed anywhere in the universe in 13.8 billion years. Join us to see how they did it.

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Coin tosses aren't truly random. Lava lamps help secure the internet. And quantum physics might break encryption—or save it. This video is what randomness really means, and why your digital life depends on it!

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....lava-lamps-randomnes

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It’s been estimated that 1 in 10 works of fine art are forged or misattributed. The truth is, no one really knows how much fake art is out there, because many art counterfeiters are so skilled that their paintings are almost indistinguishable from the real works. But even counterfeiters can’t beat physics! From atomic bomb remnants to ancient atoms, here’s some of the amazing ways that science can detect fake art.

SOURCES:

“The Scientist and the Forger: Insights into the Scientific Detection of Forgery in Paintings” by Jehane Ragai (2015)

Ragai, J. (2013). The Scientific Detection of Forgery in Paintings. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 157(2), 164-175

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Are you more of a cat person?
Follow me to MinuteEarth to discover the origin of our feline friends! https://youtu.be/LWB0-tGwb_E
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Of all the species that humans have domesticated, dogs are our oldest animal friends. But how did a group of wolves become the furry pup at the end of the bed? New research is finally unlocking the paw-in-hand evolution of dogs and humans. In this episode we’re answering one big question: Did we domesticate dogs, or did dogs domesticate us?

Special thanks to our friends from MinuteEarth!

-----------
REFERENCES:

Frantz, Laurent AF, et al. "Genomic and archaeological evidence suggest a dual origin of domestic dogs." Science 352.6290 (2016): 1228-1231.

Freedman, Adam H., and Robert K. Wayne. "Deciphering the Origin of Dogs: From Fossils to Genomes." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 0 (2016).

Freedman, Adam H., et al. "Genome sequencing highlights the dynamic early history of dogs." PLoS Genet 10.1 (2014): e1004016.

Thalmann, Olaf, et al. "Complete mitochondrial genomes of ancient canids suggest a European origin of domestic dogs." Science 342.6160 (2013): 871-874.

Wang, Guo-Dong, et al. "Out of southern East Asia: the natural history of domestic dogs across the world." Cell research 26.1 (2016): 21-33.

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Scientists have found amino acids (the building blocks of life) inside the Bennu asteroid samples, hinting that the ingredients for life on Earth's may not be so unique in the universe after all!

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Here’s a thought: What IS a thought? I know it involves my brain, and my brain is made of neurons. And my brain’s neurons are listening to other neurons all over my body. But how do those neurons actually work? Maybe you’ve heard that it involves electricity, but does that mean you’ve got little zaps and lightning bolts running through your veins like Pikachu? Don’t worry, I’m here to set you straight on what a neuron is, what an action potential is, and how fast your nervous system really communicates.

Neuron spiker box from Backyard Brains (they didn’t sponsor this video in any way, but their kits are very educational!) https://backyardbrains.com/

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The first thing a baby giraffe experiences after being born is a 2 meter fall straight down to the ground. But within an hour, it’s standing, walking, and nursing on its own. And a blue whale calf, after nearly a year growing inside mom, can swim to the surface moments after being born. Human babies on the other hand? We’re born unable to move or eat on our own, we can’t communicate or fully sense our world, and we leak EVERYWHERE. If humans are so smart, why are our babies so… un-smart? You may think it’s all about head size, but the real science is more complex.

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Note: In videos like this one, we use the terms male and female to refer to biological sex and typical secondary characteristics seen across the human population.

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Is autism really on the rise—or are we just recognizing it more? This video breaks down what ASD is, explores real vs rumored causes, and examines how science separates fact from fiction. A clear, evidence-based look at autism amidst the noise from media, government officials, and online speculation.

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0:00 Intro - Autism myths vs. science
1:18 Is the autism epidemic real?
2:57 What IS autism anyway?
4:54 The untold history of autism
7:21 Is it really just changes in diagnosis?
9:23 The trend we CAN’T explain
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15:37 Maybe it’s our environment too
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On April 8, 2024, the Moon’s shadow fell upon the Earth, creating a total solar eclipse across North America. If you had the chance to see it, you're surely glad you didn't miss it. It’s an amazing coincidence that total eclipses happen at all — and that we’re alive at a time when we can see and predict them. We made this video so you can learn how to watch an eclipse safely, what to look for during an eclipse, why eclipses happen, and how eclipses have helped advance scientific research.

Explore this April 8, 2024 eclipse map from NASA! https://science.nasa.gov/eclip....ses/future-eclipses/

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Laughing is a universal human behavior, one that transcends borders of language and culture. But it's also REALLY WEIRD. Why do we do it? The answer has less to do with humor than you might think
Learn more:
"Laughter: A Scientific Investigation" by Robert Provine http://amzn.to/1fzZQLy

"Ha! The Science of When We Laugh and Why" by Scott Weems http://amzn.to/1etLLyv



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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
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More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

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It sounds like such an incredible fact. “Our own cells are outnumbered by our microbes 10 to 1!” I don’t remember where I first heard it. But I read it in science papers and articles by journalists, so I believed it without question. I even made one of my first videos based on this fact. Problem is, this fact is not true. So how did it remain firmly planted in our common knowledge for almost four decades without any scientific scrutiny? And how can you prepare yourself to not be fooled by other scientific urban legends? I look at a few of the most famous incorrect factoids in science, and give a few suggestions for how to make our common knowledge more correct.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....7-scientific-urban-l

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Across life on Earth, blood comes in red, blue, green, purple, even clear. But why? And what makes your blood different from mine? This video will teach you everything you need to know about the strange world of blood—what it does, why it varies, and why we can’t live without it.

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If you tried to sum up the last 150 years or so in one image, a chart of exponential growth would be a good place to start. It shows that some things change faster over time. You could apply it to life expectancy. Or compound interest. Or any number of things. But especially population growth. Back in 1798, a guy named Thomas Malthus noticed that not everything grows this way. And this caused people to worry because they were sure it would lead to massive death and starvation and famine. But that didn’t happen, thanks to something called the Green Revolution and a guy named Norman Borlaug. As we face a future population of ten billion and a world impacted by climate change, how will we do a Green Revolution 2.0? #GatesPartner

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....cansciencefeed10bill

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Follow the latest news on Zika:
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http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/

Special thanks to the following for personal interviews about Zika outbreak:

Dr. Peter Hotez - Baylor College of Medicine
Dr. Scott Weaver - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Nikos Vasilakis - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Dahotra Sarkar - University of Texas at Austin
Dr. Alex Wild - University of Texas at Austin
Mustapha Debboun - Harris County Mosquito Control

References/further reading:

Malaria and Rome: A History of Malaria in Ancient Italy - Robert Sallares
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50747841

Sallares, Robert, and Susan Gomzi. "Biomolecular archaeology of malaria."Ancient Biomolecules 3.3 (2001): 195-213.

Sallares, Robert, Abigail Bouwman, and Cecilia Anderung. "The spread of malaria to southern Europe in antiquity: new approaches to old problems."Medical history 48.03 (2004): 311-328.

Hotez, Peter J. "Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Anthropocene: The Cases of Zika, Ebola, and Other Infections." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10.4 (2016): e0004648.

Hotez, Peter J. "Blue marble health redux: Neglected tropical diseases and human development in the Group of 20 (G20) nations and Nigeria." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9.7 (2015): e0003672.


Thumbnail image credits:

Aedes aegypti mosquito: CDC/ Prof. Frank Hadley Collins, Dir., Cntr. for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Univ. of Notre Dame
Zika virus capsid: Manuel Almagro Rivas, Wikimedia Commons

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Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Like us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
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-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Music via APM
Stock images from SciencePhoto http://www.sciencephoto.com/ and Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
Stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted) http://www.videoblocks.com