So… baby teeth are pretty terrifying, huh?
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Teeth. We’ve all got ‘em (most of us, anyway). But how do they grow? Teeth are made from some biological nanotechnology that will blow your mind. They are strong enough to last hundreds of millions of years. Oh, and if you’ve ever wondered how adult teeth replace your baby teeth, get ready to see something terrifying.

Special thanks to Matthew Brown, Ph.D. and the University of Texas Vertebrate Paleontology Collection

Watch the tasty new series “Tacos of Texas” https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCdzQ_ilHPH3rQtgzo

REFERENCES:

Dr. Gareth J. Fraser, Department of Biology, University of Florida
Dr. Andrew Gillis, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge

S.J. AlQahtani Et al. (2010) Brief Communication: The London Atlas of Human Tooth Development and Eruption. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 142:481–490

Teruel Jde D Et al. (2015) Comparison of chemical composition of enamel and dentine in human, bovine, porcine and bovine teeth. Archives of Oral Biology Volume 60, Issue 5 768-775

Hill, M.A. (2018) Embryology Timeline human development. https://embryology.med.unsw.ed....u.au/embryology/inde



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More moon rocks on Smarter Every Day ►► https://youtu.be/QxZ_iPldGtI
And Objectivity ►► https://youtu.be/yvhLBzsDwSQ

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Fifty years ago, we sent the first astronauts to walk on the moon’s face. But what they brought back is just as important as what got them there. I’m talking about moon rocks, guys. And I got to go visit NASA’s lunar sample vault to learn more about them! NASA’s moon rock collection has helped us learn so much about the early solar system, the formation of rocky planets like ours, and where our moon came from. And let me tell you, the story of our moon is a VIOLENT one. It involves the word “magmoon”. That’s an awesome word! Enjoy this video, and I hope you learn not just some lunar geology, but also how exploring the moon helped change what the space program was all about.
#apollo #moon #apollo50

SOURCES: https://sites.google.com/view/....inside-nasa-moon-roc

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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D
Follow me on Twitter/Instagram: @DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart
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Last week's video:
The Recipe For Life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuBWjY9BpEc

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Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

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How far would ocean viruses stretch? http://www.virology.ws/2009/10..../19/ten-cool-facts-a

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Twitter @AaronPomerantz
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCHr0u7Jsktou2CFl2
http://www.thenextgenscientist.com/

Videos referenced in this episode:

Is Big Data Getting Too Big? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTMkc0bLRlI
Musical Tesla Coils in Slow Motion! Featuring Physics Girl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGhNgeg9IAw
Is Ultron Inevitable? Ft. Vsauce3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Irmtk5QG8s
Could Planet Minecraft Actually Exist? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5N7d8mcQk4
Why Are You Multicellular? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdVc2J_OwDc
The Most Important Moment in the History of Life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jf06MlX8yik
Traveling Light (from Vsauce3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOoFkwj91pk
Do Plants Think? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm6zfHzvqX4
Why Do We Have To Sleep? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mufsteNrTI
Hurricanes: Engines of Destruction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xtu2_ziBI_w

I don’t know why anyone would want to read this, but here’s my dissertation:
http://bit.ly/2cU8DuN

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Check out "Out of Our Elements" on PBS Terra! https://youtu.be/tp-FsXHVFoU
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Seemingly distant ecosystems, even half a world apart, are connected in surprising ways. In this special limited series, Emily Graslie and Trace Dominguez join me as we explore the universal rules of life that tie together Earth’s living systems. In episode 4, we look at some surprising ways that species use teamwork in order to survive. Why is one African tree full of ants? Why are there birds nesting in girafe armpits? What surprising guard animal keeps an endangered butterfly larva from becoming wasp food? Welcome to the world of mutualisms and animal partnerships.

In Our Nature is a special miniseries produced by It’s Okay To Be Smart for PBS. Stay tuned for more episodes coming this summer, here on our YouTube channel!

Original Production Funding provided by: Anne Ray Foundation, a Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropy

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All of modern society relies upon a seemingly simple but surprisingly complex unit of measurement: the second. But knowing exactly what a “second” is is more complicated than you might think!

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Thank you to the following for helpful discussions and research for this episode:
Geoff Chester - U.S. Naval Observatory
Judah Levine - National Institute of Standards and Technology
Jeffrey Sherman - National Institute of Standards and Technology
Elizabeth Donley - National Institute of Standards and Technology

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If everyone would just put more in the recycling bin instead of the trash can, the world would be a better place. Right? Well, that’s not exactly true. For many items that end up in the recycling bin, you’ve actually created more trash by trying to recycle them. You’ve also made it harder to recycle the stuff that CAN be saved, and basically demonstrated that recycling is broken… at least the way we do it today. Here’s how we can fix it.

What can you recycle? Some helpful links:
https://www.recyclenow.com/
https://www.wm.com/us/en/insid....e-wm/recycle-right/r

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....recycling-is-broken/

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Hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones are Earth’s most powerful storms, capable of unleashing destruction and death on coastal areas worldwide. As climate change warms Earth’s oceans, we face more risk of storms rapidly intensifying into category 5, sometimes in less than a single day. Being able to predict these rapidly intensifying storms will save lives, but studying hurricanes in detail is difficult and dangerous. So in order to improve our understanding of hurricanes, scientists have built a machine that can create hurricane conditions indoors. #weather #hurricanes

Filmed at the Alfred C. Glassell, Jr. SUSTAIN Laboratory at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami https://sustain.rsmas.miami.edu/

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What can you do to make the oceans plastic-free?
(HINT: Hitting the subscribe button uses zero plastic)
↓↓↓Check the resources below ↓↓↓

Ocean plastic pollution is a massive environmental problem. Millions of tons of plastic waste enter the ocean every year, even plastic that goes in the trash can often ends up in the sea! This week we learn about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and look at the dangers ocean plastic poses to ocean animals. Plus, a few tips for you to reduce your own plastic use!

Plastic Oceans Foundation: http://www.plasticoceans.org/

United Nations “Clean Seas” program: http://www.cleanseas.org/

The 5 Gyres Institute: https://www.5gyres.org/

Lonely Whale Foundation: https://www.lonelywhale.org/

Take this quiz to learn about your plastic impact: https://www.nytimes.com/intera....ctive/2016/science/b

10 ways to reduce plastic pollution: https://www.nrdc.org/stories/1....0-ways-reduce-plasti

The no plastic straw pledge: http://www.plasticpollutioncoa....lition.org/no-straw-

Ocean plastic pollution resources from Monterey Bay Aquarium: https://www.montereybayaquariu....m.org/conservation-a

What will it take to get plastic out of the ocean? https://ensia.com/features/wha....t-will-it-take-to-ge

Resources for teachers: https://www.montereybayaquariu....m.org/education/teac


-----------
REFERENCES:

Cózar, Andrés, et al. "Plastic debris in the open ocean." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.28 (2014): 10239-10244.

Jamieson, Alan J., et al. "Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna." Nature Ecology & Evolution 1 (2017): 0051.

Jambeck, Jenna R., et al. "Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean." Science 347.6223 (2015): 768-771.

“Moby-Duck” by Donovan Hohn (Harper’s Magazine) http://harpers.org/archive/200....7/01/moby-duck/?sing

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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A giant asteroid took out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. Could a big meteor hit Earth again? And if we find one coming our way, how can we use science to avoid a deadly asteroid or meteorite impact?

Want to wear your love for science? We’ve got merch: http://dftba.com/besmart

References/Learn More:

Impact Earth! Simulator: https://www.purdue.edu/impactearth/

Thanks to Destin for letting us use a clip from Smarter Every Day #84! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NLBtZKx2cA

National Academies report: “Defending Earth” https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12....842/defending-planet

3D asteroid simulation www.asterank.com/3d/

NASA’s near-Earth object program http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/

Facts about asteroids from NASA http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pa....ges/asteroids/overvi

Great meteor/meteorite FAQ http://www.amsmeteors.org/mete....or-showers/meteor-fa

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from SciencePhoto http://www.sciencephoto.com/ and Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

What you need to know about one of nature's scariest viruses.

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Read David Quammen's "Ebola": http://amzn.to/1wBLmzw

Ebola infection/death simulation from Washington Post: http://bit.ly/ebola_sim

Read the original 1976 case report describing the first Ebola patient: http://1.usa.gov/1svWp7i

Ebola outbreak disease info and case counts: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/o....utbreaks/2014-west-a

Ebola Deeply (a calm take on Ebola news): http://www.eboladeeply.org/

How contagious is Ebola? http://www.npr.org/blogs/healt....h/2014/10/02/3529837

Ebola outbreak and symptoms FAQ from WHO: http://bit.ly/1td3TBn

Can Ebola go airborne? No. http://www.virology.ws/2014/09..../18/what-we-are-not-

Ebola: What we should and shouldn't be worried about http://www.wired.com/2014/10/e....bola-virus-infection

Hi-tech Ebola treatments: http://arstechnica.com/science..../2014/08/bio-high-te

The political effects of Ebola in West Africa: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10..../14/world/africa/ebo

Maps of infectious disease vs. public health spending: http://ted.tumblr.com/post/996....54182795/heres-what-

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Graham Hutchins - Editing/Motion Graphics
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music:
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Stock images via Shutterstock

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“An Inconvenient Sequel” is former Vice President Al Gore’s newest film 🌎🎥
Learn more: http://InconvenientSequel.com #BeInconvenient
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

News about climate change is often full of doom, guilt, and anxiety. This can make many people reluctant to pay attention to or discuss it. We asked former Vice President Al Gore to help us find a different way to talk about climate change.

Special thanks to former Vice President Al Gore (@AlGore)
http://InconvenientSequel.com
Facebook: @AnInconvenientTruth
Twitter: @AITruthFilm
Instagram: @AnInconvenientTruth
The book: http://amzn.to/2vdTYCD

Unless otherwise noted, data used in this video comes from:
NASA, NOAA, The Global Carbon Project, U.S. Energy Information Administration, and Scripps Institute of Oceanography
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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A collaboration with Jorge Cham and Daniel Whiteson. Their book: http://www.WeHaveNoIdea.com
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Why is the universe organized the way it is? And why is it so empty? From planets and stars to superclusters and galactic filaments, the universe’s largest structures formed because of its smallest. In this special collaboration with PHD Comics, we’ll learn how the earliest, quantumest blips seeded the structure of everything everywhere.

Special thanks to Jorge Cham and Daniel Whiteson!
http://phdcomics.com/
@PHDcomics
@DanielWhiteson

-----------
READ MORE:
Check out “We Have No Idea”: http://amzn.to/2yFfWyr

We used visualizations from:
NASA Goddard
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov

The Aquarius Project
http://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/aquarius/

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Matt Caplan, Ph.D.
Editor/animator: David Schulte
Additional animation: Jorge Cham
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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You can learn more at https://curiositystream.com/smart
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I love coffee. Like, a lot. You know who else loves coffee? Astronauts! And also the people who help them do awesome things in space (I think NASA might be powered by coffee). But how do astronauts actually drink coffee in space, aboard the International Space Station, in microgravity? I visited astronaut Don Pettit to learn about his invention for having a cup o’ Joe in orbit. This is some awesome science.
#space #coffee #nasa

Special thanks to Don Pettit and NASA!

Don’s collaborator on this research is Mark Weislogel from Portland State University. Learn more about Mark’s research here: https://www.pdx.edu/profile/mark-weislogel

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They have some of the best caterpillars in Peru. The best.
Follow all of our Peru adventures on this playlist: http://bit.ly/SmartPeru
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Special thanks to Andy Warren, David Pfennig, Alex Wild, and Gustavo Londoño for helpful discussions for this video! #mimicry #rainforest

You should definitely be following Aaron Pomerantz:
http://www.thenextgenscientist.com/
Twitter: @AaronPomerantz
IG: @nextgenscientist

Special thanks to Rainforest Expeditions for hosting us! Visit http://www.perunature.com/

Check out Deep Look for more awesome up-close science: https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook

Cinerous mourner nest video courtesy of Dano Grayson: http://danograyson.com/
Cinerous mourner photos by Santiago David

References:
d'Horta, Fernando Mendonça, Guy M. Kirwan, and Dante Buzzetti. "Gaudy juvenile plumages of cinereous mourner (Laniocera hypopyrra) and Brazilian laniisoma (Laniisoma elegans)." The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 124.3 (2012): 429-435.

Forbes, Peter. Dazzled and deceived: mimicry and camouflage. Yale University Press, 2011. http://amzn.to/2dE444Z

Kikuchi, David W., and David W. Pfennig. "Predator cognition permits imperfect coral snake mimicry." The American Naturalist 176.6 (2010): 830-834.

Londoño, Gustavo A., Duván A. García, and Manuel A. Sánchez Martínez. "Morphological and behavioral evidence of Batesian mimicry in nestlings of a lowland Amazonian bird." The American Naturalist 185.1 (2015): 135-141.

Rabosky, Alison R. Davis, et al. "Coral snakes predict the evolution of mimicry across New World snakes." Nature communications 7 (2016).

Savage, Jay M., and Joseph B. Slowinski. "The colouration of the venomous coral snakes (family Elapidae) and their mimics (families Aniliidae and Colubridae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 45.3 (1992): 235-254.

Thompson, Martin J., and Martijn JTN Timmermans. "Characterising the phenotypic diversity of Papilio dardanus wing patterns using an extensive museum collection." Plos one 9.5 (2014): e96815.

Wickler, Wolfgang. Mimicry in Plants and Animals: Trans. by RD Martin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968.

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Thank you for watching our Converting Fractions to Decimals Song
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This video explains how to add and subtract Fractions.