As early astronomers studied the stars, using basic instruments they were able to figure out which day of the year was the longest, which day of the year was the shortest ,and which days had equal sunlight.

Welcome to MooMooMath and Science and what happens on the equinox and the solstice

Because the Earth is tilted at a 23.5 degrees angle and also rotates and revolves around the earth the length of the day varies though out the year
During each equinox, both hemispheres receive almost equal amounts of sunlight
12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of nighttime
The actual day in which both hemispheres receive exactly 12 hours sunlight and darkness is called the equilux and usually occurs a couple days before the march equinox and a few days after the September equinox.
The day of the solstice in either hemisphere has either the most sunlight of the year which is the summer solstice or the least sunlight of the year which is the (winter solstice) except at the equator.

Does the sun always rise exactly due east and due west ?
Remember the sun apears to rise and set due to the movement of the Earth
Actually the sun rises due east and sets due west two times a year. in each hemisphere
In the northern hemisphere on March 20 or 21 depending n the year you have the first day of spring and the sun is directly above the equator. This is called the vernal equinox. Vernal means fresh or new like spring. and the sun will rise due east. Moving forward the sun then starts rising a little more northeast each day until June 20th or 21st depending on the year . This is called the summer solstice and it is the longest day of the year. After the summer solstice sun starts rising less to the north until september 22nd or 23rd which is the autumn equinox. The sun will be directly above the equator again. After this the the sun will rise a little more southern until December 21st or 22nd which is the shortest day of the year called the winter solstice. After this day the sun will rise a little more northern until march 20th or 21st which is the vernal equinox. It takes a year to complete this cycle.
In the southern hemisphere the vernal equinox is september 22 or 23 the summer solstice is December 21 or 22, the autumnal equinox is March 20 or 21 and the winter solstice is June 20 or 21st.

Updated Video to fix some issues
https://youtu.be/ajWo6QnvqFU

Learn what an isotope is in chemistry. Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number, which represents the number of protons and position in the periodic table but have different mass numbers due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
In order to find the number of neutrons subtract the number of protons from the mass number.

Longshore Drift which is also called littoral Drift involves the movement of sand and other items along the shoreline.
As prevailing winds push waves up the shore which is called swash, the backwash moves the sand back down which results in the sand moving in the direction of the prevailing winds.

Wetlands are transitional lands between lands and other bodies of water.
There are four main types of wetlands
Marsh
Swamp
Fen
Bog
You may also enjoy: Freshwater Ecosystems
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwP1zxnKb14

How are concave and convex lenses different?
A convex lens is thicker in the middle compared to the edges. It is also called a converging lens because the rays and bent together. A convex lens is also called a positive lens because of the location of the focal point.
A concave lens is thinner in the middle compared to the edges.
It is called a diverging lens because the rays of light spread out.
A concave lens also is called a negative lens because the focal point is behind the lens.

Your metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in your body.

Learn to calculate average velocity. Velocity is a vector because it measures magnitude and direction.
The formula for average velocity equals
velocity = displacement divided by change in time
In this video, I solve two basic average velocity problems.

Learn how we classify living things using taxonomic rank. There are 8 levels of classification.
How do you create names for organisms that can be used anywhere in the world? This is where taxonomic classification, also called the Linnaean system, comes into play. Change music

Named after its inventor, Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician, the Linnaean classification system has 8 levels of classification. You may also hear this called a taxonomic rank. You will often see the levels displayed like a triangle. This is because the levels at the top are broad and general whereas the levels at the bottom are more specific. As you move down levels of taxonomic classification, the organisms will be more similar to one another.

The 8 levels of Taxonomic Classification are:

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Learn the difference between myopia and hyperopia
Myopia which is also called nearsightedness is when you can see items up close clearly and distance objects are blurry.
Hyperopia is the opposite. You can see distant objects clearly and objects that are close are blurry.

In this video, I cover the relationship of visible light and the electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light is found betwwen infared waves and ultraviolet waves.
White light is made up of different colors. You can use ROY G BIV to help remember the colors that make up white light.

Blogpost on Visible Light
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2022/04/visible-ligh

Difference between angiosperm and gymnosperm plants.
Angiosperms are flowering plants.
Their seeds are enclosed in a protective covering called fruit.
Gymnosperms have a naked seed and many are cone bearing trees.

You may enjoy
Parts of a flower crossword puzzle
http://www.moomoomath.com/flow....er-parts-crossword-p
*
*
For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

Functions of the pancreas
The pancreas is an important organ located in the abdominal area.
It has many jobs, two of which involve digestion and regulating our blood sugar levels.

Keywords:
How does pancreas help digestion?
How does pancreas regulate blood sugar levels?
Insulin levels
Endocrine system
Pancreas function in digestion.
Pancreas function and location

Additional pancreas resources,

The role and anatomy of the pancreas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZ4zcrTzUjA

Insulin and Glucagon overview
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1c6a0BNsyek

Pancreas Facts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1c6a0BNsyek

Definition Pancreas
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pancreas.html

What is the Carbon cycle? The carbon cycle is one of several biogeochemical cycles found on Earth. Carbon is found in almost all living organisms and makes up around .04 percent of our atmosphere.
What are the steps of the carbon cycle and how does the Carbon cycle work?
Carbon may travel several paths including,
The atmosphere, the terrestrial biosphere, the earth’s interior which includes the lithosphere, the ocean, and human influence like burning fossil fuels and other objects that store carbon.
In the video, I go through a carbon cycle diagram and explain each step.
Carbon can be found in several forms including carbon dioxide and methane.
The carbon cycle is essential for many ecosystems on Earth.

The Carbon Cycle
https://moomoomath.com/explain-the-carbon-cycle/

Biogeochemical Cycles - How the Earth Recycles
https://moomoomath.com/how-the....-earth-recycles-elem

Types of Proteins and their function in the human body
Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. Proteins are put together at ribosomes from a blueprint stored in DNA and more specifically from sections of the DNA called genes. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. The order of amino acids determines each protein’s unique shape and its specific function or job.

Let’s take a look at 5 important functions of proteins
Messenger Proteins.
Enzymatic Proteins
Structural Proteins
Defensive Protein
Storage and Transport Proteins

A rate is a comparison of two quantities that have different units.
A unit rate is a type of rate that has a denominator of 1

For more Math help visit our website
http://www.moomoomath.com/

Definition Unit Rate Short
https://youtube.com/shorts/HMGl28vc7ew

10 Mutualism Examples

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms involved in the relationship benefits from the relationship.
In this video, I introduce 10 examples of symbiotic relationships that are mutualistic.
Examples include,
clownfish and sea anemone,
termites and flagellates,
oxpecker,
pistol shrimp and goby,
bee and plants
acacia plant and ants
spider crab and algae

Symbiotic Relationships
https://youtu.be/uO_MXis2uRk

Symbiotic Plants
https://youtu.be/sjB1vbHUw64

Mutualism Examples
https://moomoomath.com/10-mutualism-examples/

The Earth is 70 % water. However, only 3% of this water is freshwater. Much of this freshwater is frozen in glaciers, you will find some of the water in rivers and streams, and almost 30% of this freshwater is groundwater.
But What is groundwater? Groundwater is water that finds it way between the gaps of rocks and sediments underground.
As the water seeps into the ground it may find it’s way into an aquifer. Aquifers are underground rock layers saturated with groundwater. An aquifer is not an underground river but large porous layers of rock.

Learn about the first four planets called the terrestrial planets and the gas giant planets called the Jovian planets.
The terrestrial planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
These planets are small, rocky, and close together.
The Jovian planets in Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Prime numbers 1-100
Prime numbers are only divisible by itself and 1
There are 25 prime numbers between 1-100
They include,

2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23.29,31,37,
41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,
83,89,97

Learn how to subtract fractions,
In this video, I subtract 3/4 - 5/6
Steps
Find a common denominator
Rename the fractions
Subtract
Simplify

Learn how to set up and solve word problems. Although they may seem tricky at first solving word problems can be fun.
I use these four steps to solve word problems. If you follow these steps you will have an equation set up to solve the problem.
Identify the variable
Identify the operation
Write an equation
Solve and label

Grasslands of the world. Learn about the grassland which is found in South Africa, Europe, Russia, and North America.
This biome is known for having grass and very few trees. The grasslands have occasional droughts and fires along which can prevent large numbers of trees from growing.

MooMooMat and Science upload a new Math and Science video every day. We have over 1500 math and science videos.

You may also enjoy ....
Introduction to Biomes
https://youtu.be/cXo9YczQBo4

Different types of triangles classified by side length and angle length.
A Scalene triangle has three different side lengths.
An isosceles triangle has two congruent or equal sides, and an Equilateral triangle has three congruent or equal sides.

Triangles can also be classified by their angles.
There are three angles often associated with triangles.
Acute angles are less than 90 degrees
Right angles are exactly 90 degrees
Obtuse angles are greater than 90 degrees

All triangles have two acute angles and the third angle determines the type of
the triangle you have.

An acute triangle is a triangle with three angles that measure less than 90 degrees
An obtuse triangle is a triangle with one angle greater than 90 degrees.

A right triangle is a triangle with one right angle or ( 90 degrees).

More on Types of Triangles
https://moomoomath.com/what-ar....e-the-different-type

Learn how to calculate the surface area of triangular prisms.
Use the formula 2 x one half base times height plus length times width in order to get the surface area of a triangular prism.

At @MooMooMath and Science, we end our videos with kindness multiplies kindness. In each of my #shorts I like to tell a quick Kindness story in order to inspire myself and others to practice kindness.
Acts of kindness make a lasting positive impact on the people around you.

You can find all of my kindness stories in this playlist.
https://youtube.com/playlist?l....ist=PLurjkZV1ykGZs20

For more Math help visit our website
http://www.moomoomath.com/

Learn how to simplify 4th roots. Complete a factor tree and find groups of 4 in order to pull out numbers from the radical symbol