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I took a trip to one of Austin's famous moontowers so I could put the enormity of our solar system into perspective. With the help of a grapefruit, and a lot of walking, you'll get an idea of just how tiny everything is out there!!
Do it yourself! Calculate sizes and distances, and then make your own solar system model using this calculator: http://dft.ba/-solarsystem
Veritasium "How Far Away Is The Moon?" http://youtu.be/Bz9D6xba9Og
Solar system as a football field: http://dft.ba/-6qnn
How far away is Voyager right now? http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/
Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by Painted On Productions (http://www.paintedon.com/)
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No use cleaning... the universe is full of dust. And some of its biggest action is a result of its smallest stuff.
SUBSCRIBE, it's FREE! http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
The Secret Life of Dust by Hannah Holmes: http://amzn.to/1hCuwtT
More dusty science:
Space dust and dirty cars: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/65443038570/s
The Science of Snow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUot7XSX8uA
The Bodele Depression fertilizes half the Amazon: http://bit.ly/1qAqK6w
From Africa to the Amazon: http://bit.ly/1p4ivm3
More about the Zodiacal Light: http://bit.ly/P15PLW
NASA atmospheric dust and aerosol visualization: http://1.usa.gov/1nn8WKm
Cosmic dust and the birth of our solar system: http://bit.ly/1iPBitH
WHO report on air pollution: http://bit.ly/1jFwTeU
Micrometeorites: http://bit.ly/1eBN9yQ
Thanks to Dr. Don Brownlee for helpful discussion on this episode!
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editor and motion graphics
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
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Follow me to Science Magic Show Hooray! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-idW62ibWQ
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Eating turkey this holiday season? Chowing down on a roast chicken? You’re eating a dinosaur! Entertain your family and friends with a little science lesson this year, and show them why bird bones tell us that birds are actually living dinosaurs.
Comparative anatomy of dinosaurs and chicken - HHMI https://www.hhmi.org/biointera....ctive/comparative-an
Special thanks to:
Anna Rothschild
Mary Beth Albright and The Washington Post Food Lab
Shaena Montanari, Ph.D.
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Head over to Animal IQ on Terra: https://youtu.be/Nc3mUNkJZZk
Celebrate Earth Day with other PBS Channels! https://bit.ly/32nmIsp
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Ocean currents are our planet’s circulatory system, and they keep everything from ecosystems to the climate healthy. But we’re changing Earth in ways that threaten to disrupt and even break critical ocean currents like the planet-wide Great Ocean Conveyor. This could have devastating effects on our future. In this video, we explain how ocean currents work, how climate change is threatening to disrupt them, and what we can do to stop that from happening.
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....ocean-conveyor-belt/
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Why does everyone use a 7 day week, and where did it come from? Where do the names of the days come from? And who can we blame for Mondays? Here’s the true story of one of the oldest human customs still in use today. It gets a little weird.
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....references-why-are-t
Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
AlecZero
Amy Sowada
Baerbel Winkler
Benjamin Teinby
Denzel Holmes
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Dustin
Eric Meer
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Jay Stephens
Karen Haskell
Marcus Tuepker
Oliver and Arden Bradshaw
Peter Ehrnstrom
Robert Young
Salih Arslan
Vincbis
Zenimal
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You can check out Google's Science Journal app at http://g.co/ScienceJournal
We’ve all gotten dizzy before… but have you ever gotten WEIRD DIZZY? I teamed up with Vanessa Hill from BrainCrat to answer the question “why do we get dizzy?” and in the process we learned about some very strange and hilarious ways to get extra-special dizzy! Get ready to learn about your vestibular system, the system that lets you know where your body is in space. You don’t even notice your vestibular system is there… until it stops working right! #dizzy #neuroscience #vestibular
SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
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REFERENCES:
Blakley, B. W., & Siegel, M. (1995). Feeling dizzy: Understanding and treating dizziness, vertigo, and other balance disorders. New York: Macmillan.
Brandt, T. (2003). Vertigo: Its multisensory syndromes (2nd ed.). London: Springer.
Ekdale, E. G. (2016). Form and function of the mammalian inner ear. Journal of Anatomy, 228(2), 324-337.
Hayes, S. H., Dinga, D. Slavia, R. J., & Allman, B. (2013). Chapter 1 - Anatomy and physiology of the external, middle and inner ear. In Handbook of Clinical Neurophysiology (pp. 3-23).
Plishka, C. M. (2015). A clinician’s guide to balance and dizziness: Evaluation and treatment. Thorofare, New Jersey: SLACK Incorporated.
Steward O. (2000) The Vestibular System. In Functional Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY.
Welgampola, M. S., Bradshaw, A., & Halmagyi, G. M. (2011). Practical neurology part 4: Dizziness on head movement. Medical Journal of Australia, 195 (9): 518-522. doi: 10.5694/mja11.11001
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Tweet this video ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzika1 Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzikaFB
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Get yourself an awesome IOTBS shirt! http://dftba.com/besmart
Follow the latest news on Zika:
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/
Special thanks to the following for personal interviews about Zika outbreak:
Dr. Peter Hotez - Baylor College of Medicine
Dr. Scott Weaver - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Nikos Vasilakis - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Dahotra Sarkar - University of Texas at Austin
Dr. Alex Wild - University of Texas at Austin
Mustapha Debboun - Harris County Mosquito Control
References/further reading:
Malaria and Rome: A History of Malaria in Ancient Italy - Robert Sallares
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50747841
Sallares, Robert, and Susan Gomzi. "Biomolecular archaeology of malaria."Ancient Biomolecules 3.3 (2001): 195-213.
Sallares, Robert, Abigail Bouwman, and Cecilia Anderung. "The spread of malaria to southern Europe in antiquity: new approaches to old problems."Medical history 48.03 (2004): 311-328.
Hotez, Peter J. "Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Anthropocene: The Cases of Zika, Ebola, and Other Infections." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10.4 (2016): e0004648.
Hotez, Peter J. "Blue marble health redux: Neglected tropical diseases and human development in the Group of 20 (G20) nations and Nigeria." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9.7 (2015): e0003672.
Thumbnail image credits:
Aedes aegypti mosquito: CDC/ Prof. Frank Hadley Collins, Dir., Cntr. for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Univ. of Notre Dame
Zika virus capsid: Manuel Almagro Rivas, Wikimedia Commons
----
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Like us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
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Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Snapchat: YoDrJoe
-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
Music via APM
Stock images from SciencePhoto http://www.sciencephoto.com/ and Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
Stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted) http://www.videoblocks.com
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓
You have questions, I have answers!
Richard Feynman - Fun To Imagine (playlist): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3pYRn5j7oI&list=PL2D30B1DEFFDA0310
Mapping a zombie apocalypse to model disease outbreaks: https://medium.com/the-physics....-arxiv-blog/61661d6a
People can't tell the difference between smell of Parmesan and vomit: http://www.rachelherz.com/uplo....ads/Odor_Illusions.p
Check out Ask Joe #1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkSpmTvCRJA
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editor and motion graphics
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
-----------
Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
Twitter
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Check out Say It Loud from PBSDS ►► https://www.youtube.com/SayItLoudPBS
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The eyes are often the first thing we see when we look at someone. And when you look at them up close, everyone’s eye color is a kaleidoscope of shapes and hues. How does eye color work? The answer involves some very cool physics, and probably isn’t what you were taught in school. And you’ve probably wondered how is eye color inherited, or why some people have blue eyes even if their parents’ eyes are brown? Get ready for a long look deep into the genetics and physics of eye color. #eyes #eyecolor #blueeyes
REFERENCES:
Genetics of human iris colour and patterns - Richard A. Sturm, Mats Larsson
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/full/10.1111/j
Iris Color Classification Scales
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC57292
GWAS Findings for Human Iris Patterns: Associations with Variants in Genes that Influence Normal Neuronal Pattern Development
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC31551
Characterization of melanin in human iridal and choroidal melanocytes from eyes with various colored irides.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18353148
Can blue eyed parents produce brown eyed children? - Richard A. Sturm
https://bioenv.gu.se/digitalAs....sets/1571/1571499_ey
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FOLLOW US for more curiosity:
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Books from our episodes:
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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate
Get your Audible trial here: http://audible.com/ok
Tweet this video ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzika1 Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzikaFB
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Get yourself an awesome IOTBS shirt! http://dftba.com/besmart
Follow the latest news on Zika:
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/
Special thanks to the following for personal interviews about Zika outbreak:
Dr. Peter Hotez - Baylor College of Medicine
Dr. Scott Weaver - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Nikos Vasilakis - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Dahotra Sarkar - University of Texas at Austin
Dr. Alex Wild - University of Texas at Austin
Mustapha Debboun - Harris County Mosquito Control
References/further reading:
Malaria and Rome: A History of Malaria in Ancient Italy - Robert Sallares
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50747841
Sallares, Robert, and Susan Gomzi. "Biomolecular archaeology of malaria."Ancient Biomolecules 3.3 (2001): 195-213.
Sallares, Robert, Abigail Bouwman, and Cecilia Anderung. "The spread of malaria to southern Europe in antiquity: new approaches to old problems."Medical history 48.03 (2004): 311-328.
Hotez, Peter J. "Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Anthropocene: The Cases of Zika, Ebola, and Other Infections." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10.4 (2016): e0004648.
Hotez, Peter J. "Blue marble health redux: Neglected tropical diseases and human development in the Group of 20 (G20) nations and Nigeria." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9.7 (2015): e0003672.
Thumbnail image credits:
Aedes aegypti mosquito: CDC/ Prof. Frank Hadley Collins, Dir., Cntr. for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Univ. of Notre Dame
Zika virus capsid: Manuel Almagro Rivas, Wikimedia Commons
----
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Like us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Follow on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Snapchat: YoDrJoe
-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
Music via APM
Stock images from SciencePhoto http://www.sciencephoto.com/ and Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
Stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted) http://www.videoblocks.com
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓
You have questions, I have answers!
Richard Feynman - Fun To Imagine (playlist): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3pYRn5j7oI&list=PL2D30B1DEFFDA0310
Mapping a zombie apocalypse to model disease outbreaks: https://medium.com/the-physics....-arxiv-blog/61661d6a
People can't tell the difference between smell of Parmesan and vomit: http://www.rachelherz.com/uplo....ads/Odor_Illusions.p
Check out Ask Joe #1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkSpmTvCRJA
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editor and motion graphics
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
-----------
Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart
Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
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Check out Say It Loud from PBSDS ►► https://www.youtube.com/SayItLoudPBS
SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
The eyes are often the first thing we see when we look at someone. And when you look at them up close, everyone’s eye color is a kaleidoscope of shapes and hues. How does eye color work? The answer involves some very cool physics, and probably isn’t what you were taught in school. And you’ve probably wondered how is eye color inherited, or why some people have blue eyes even if their parents’ eyes are brown? Get ready for a long look deep into the genetics and physics of eye color. #eyes #eyecolor #blueeyes
REFERENCES:
Genetics of human iris colour and patterns - Richard A. Sturm, Mats Larsson
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/full/10.1111/j
Iris Color Classification Scales
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC57292
GWAS Findings for Human Iris Patterns: Associations with Variants in Genes that Influence Normal Neuronal Pattern Development
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC31551
Characterization of melanin in human iridal and choroidal melanocytes from eyes with various colored irides.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18353148
Can blue eyed parents produce brown eyed children? - Richard A. Sturm
https://bioenv.gu.se/digitalAs....sets/1571/1571499_ey
-----------
FOLLOW US for more curiosity:
Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart
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http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart
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Books from our episodes:
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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Now you "sea" them, now you don't! Cuttlefish are more than the chameleons of the sea, these cephalopods take camouflage to a whole new level.
Follow Joe during Big Blue Live!
Twitter @DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart
Instagram: @DrJoeHanson
Facebook: facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D
Follow me on Twitter: @DrJoeHanson
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios
Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc
Kate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)
Big thank you to Rachel for lending her voice and photos to this episode!
Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate
Subscribe to It's Okay To Be Smart: http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
"The Oldest Living Things In The World" by Rachel Sussman:
Amazon: http://amzn.to/1uZ6wJp
Public Library: http://bit.ly/1s2gCnb
Species featured in this video:
Bristlecone pine: http://bit.ly/1o3zW4p
Baobab: http://bit.ly/1qJo6ul
Pando: http://bit.ly/1tLlRLU
Map lichens: http://bit.ly/WVgoFh
Yucca: http://bit.ly/1uZ71my
Creosote: http://bit.ly/1xUZrpj
Llareta: http://bit.ly/1ANGYPC
Black coral: http://bit.ly/1zLWn1s
Barrel sponge: http://bit.ly/1opvDjb
Posidonia sea grass: http://bit.ly/UVoN9u
Pond cypress: http://bit.ly/1okVPY6
"Old Tjikko" spruce: http://bit.ly/1s30eq7
Stromatolites: http://bit.ly/1pyymXs
Siberian Actinobacteria: http://bit.ly/1xUZ5yR
Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Editing/Motion Graphics - Andrew Matthews
Gaffer - John Knudsen
Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Stock images via Shutterstock
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
Unless otherwise indicated, all photos are © Rachel Sussman, used with permission
-----------
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Thanks to Brilliant for supporting PBS. Learn more at: https://brilliant.org/BeSmart
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Half a century ago, astronauts got on top of a really big rocket and sent a tiny little capsule on a 384,000 km trip to the moon and back. And they were able to do it because a lot of extremely smart and dedicated people pushed engineering and chemistry to the limits in order to create a 36-story tower of carefully-controlled space fire powerful enough to escape Earth’s gravity. I went to NASA in Houston to talk to astronaut Don Pettit about how they did it, and if we’ll be able to do it again.
Special thanks to Don Pettit and NASA
Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
AlecZero
Bob Rosset
Brent M.
Diego Lombeida
Ron Kakar
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How do we protect what we don’t know exists?
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How many species are there on Earth? In biology, this is one of a fundamental question that we still don’t have a very good answer for. Imagine if chemists didn’t know all the elements of the periodic table, or if physicists didn’t know all of the particles of the standard model. Knowing how many different species there are is information we need to know in order to protect the environment, but it’s a lot harder than you think!
Check out last week’s video, where we find a weird caterpillar in the Peruvian Amazon and ask “How do you discover a new species?”
LEARN MORE:
Costello, Mark J., Robert M. May, and Nigel E. Stork. "Can we name Earth's species before they go extinct?." Science 339.6118 (2013): 413-416.
Locey, Kenneth J., and Jay T. Lennon. "Scaling laws predict global microbial diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2016): 201521291.
May, Robert M. "The future of biological diversity in a crowded world." Current Science 82.11 (2002): 1325-1330.
May, Robert M. "How many species inhabit the earth." Scientific American 267.4 (1992): 42-48.
Mora, Camilo, et al. "How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?." PLoS Biol 9.8 (2011): e1001127.
Stork, Nigel E. "How many species are there?." Biodiversity and Conservation 2.3 (1993): 215-232.
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Editor/animator/producer: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox
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Bees see the world in some very interesting ways
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To begin this video, we launched a little confetti to celebrate the fact that I am now "Dr. Joe", since I successfully defended my Ph.D. in molecular biology! Woo! But you don't have to call me "Doctor."
Anyway, spring is in the air!! We're all thawing out from winter's chill, and for bees and flowers this season is about one thing: Feeding and fertilizing. Bees are amazing social insects, and their relationship with flowers is one of nature's coolest examples of "mutualism". It got me wondering: How do bees see the world? Enjoy this look at how bees see in ultraviolet and even sense electric fields!
References for this episode: http://dft.ba/-5Am1
Written and hosted by Joe Hanson
Produced by Painted On Productions (http://www.paintedon.com/)
Clips used:
Louie Schwartzberg - The hidden beauty of pollination https://vimeo.com/27328081
Jay Woo - October 1st https://vimeo.com/50513099
Music: Edvard Grieg "Morning Mood"
Special thanks to Klaus Schmitt for allowing us to use his awesome UV flower photos: All images used © Dr Schmitt, Weinheim Germany, http://uvir.eu
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And where do they keep their suitcases?
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As winter approaches, V-shaped flocks glide overhead as the world's birds begin their long treks to warmer climates. Humans used to have some pretty crazy theories about where birds went for winter, like the moon, or to the bottom of the ocean.
How did we learn the real story? And where DO birds go for winter? What are the longest bird migrations? How do birds store up energy for their long journey? How do birds navigate? Why do they fly in a V-shape?
Find out in this week's video!
Charles Morton's theory of birds on the moon: http://wrd.cm/1xMKc5k
Read Charles Morton's original 1703 pamphlet! http://bit.ly/1C5AKhk
The story of the stork with a spear in its neck: http://bit.ly/11PgkIs
Aristotle's theory of bird transmutation: http://bit.ly/1uwQwHX
The "barnacle goose" http://bit.ly/1C5BiUg
The Arctic tern's record-breaking migration: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm....c/articles/PMC283666
The bar-tailed godwit's fat-fueled migration: https://sora.unm.edu/sites/def....ault/files/journals/
Ruby-throated hummingbird mighty migration: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm....c/articles/PMC132505
The avian aerodynamics of the "flying V" http://bit.ly/1vFFlUs
The many senses that birds use to find their way: http://bit.ly/11qN9vr
How birds use magnetic fields to navigate: http://bit.ly/1r2jYLy
Produced for PBS Digital Studios
Joe Hanson - Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Dalton Allen - Post-production intern
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod
Stock images by Shutterstock
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Go to http://Raceforretirement.com and see how the action gap affects you.
Follow all of our Peru adventures on this playlist: http://bit.ly/SmartPeru
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Special thanks to Rainforest Expeditions for hosting us! Visit http://www.perunature.com/
References:
Wilson, E.O. "The Diversity of Life" http://eowilsonfoundation.org/....the-diversity-of-lif
Eichhorn, Markus P. "Latitudinal gradients." Natural Systems: The organisation of life: 249-264.
"Tropical Ecology" (textbook) by John Kircher (2011) http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9486.html
Condamine, Fabien L., et al. "What causes latitudinal gradients in species diversity? Evolutionary processes and ecological constraints on swallowtail biodiversity." Ecology letters 15.3 (2012): 267-277.
Jenkins, Clinton N., Stuart L. Pimm, and Lucas N. Joppa. "Global patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity and conservation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110.28 (2013): E2602-E2610.
Mannion, Philip D., et al. "The latitudinal biodiversity gradient through deep time." Trends in ecology & evolution 29.1 (2014): 42-50.
Mittelbach, Gary G., et al. "Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient: speciation, extinction and biogeography." Ecology letters 10.4 (2007): 315-331.
Wiens, John J., et al. "Evolutionary and ecological causes of the latitudinal diversity gradient in hylid frogs: treefrog trees unearth the roots of high tropical diversity." The American Naturalist 168.5 (2006): 579-596.
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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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When is now? Seems like a pretty simple question… just look at your watch. But do you and I share the same “now”? Let’s journey from Einstein’s thought experiments about relativity to cutting edge neuroscience research to try and answer that question.
References: https://sites.google.com/view/....when-is-now-referenc
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