How do you graph parabolas?
Easily?
Simply?
Quickly?

That's how you graph parabolas.


See more great math tricks here: https://www.youtube.com/user/tecmath

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How to divide decimals: first divide as if there is no decimal. Next, count the number of digits after the decimal in each number. Through a bit of subtraction you can work out where the decimal goes.
#decimals #decimaldivision #howtodividedecimals


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This math trick allows you to work out the square root of any number - NOT JUST PERFECT SQUARES - instantly. With decimals. With ease. Can you work faster than a calculator? With this tecmath trick you just might! The math shortcut magic is back!

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This video was sponsored by Skillshare.
The first 1000 people to use the link will get a free trial of Skillshare Premium Membership.
https://skl.sh/tecmath10201

The game of nim is an easy to learn math strategy game, that can be played anywhere with matchsticks, rocks, twigs....
But best of all, whilst it looks fair, there is a math strategy you can employ to win everytime!

Game of Nim link: https://www.archimedes-lab.org..../game_nim/play_nim_g

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#skillshare
#sponsoredvideo
#mathgame

My Daddy (PEPPA PIG)
Read by Let’s Read Stories

Just in time for Father's Day, read all the things Peppa loves about Daddy Pig. From cuddling up for bedtime stories to playing in the sand at the beach, Peppa and George love spending time with Daddy Pig no matter where they are!

Just in time for father’s day, beginning readers can join in with this Peppa Pig story for Father’s Day. Help your little one develop a love for reading and build literacy skills. Site and sound words are perfect to read along with as children begin to speak. Peppa Pig short stories read aloud are perfect for supplemental reading, story time, bedtime, or just entertainment. Thanks for watching!

Click here to purchase My Daddy (PEPPA PIG): https://www.amazon.com/My-Dadd....y-Peppa-Pig/dp/14093

Dad and the Dinosaur
by Gennifer Choldenko
Illustrated by Dan Santat
Read by Let's Read Stories

A heartwarming father-son story about bravery and facing fears.

Nicholas was afraid of the dark outside his door, the bushes where the giant bugs live, and the underside of manhole covers.

His dad was not afraid of anything.

Nicholas wants to be as brave as his dad, but he needs help. That’s why he needs a dinosaur. After all, dinosaurs like the dark, bugs are nothing to them, and they eat manhole covers for lunch (and everything under them for dinner).

With his toy dinosaur, Nicholas can scale tall walls, swim in deep water, even score a goal against the huge goalie everyone calls Gorilla. But when the dinosaur goes missing, everything is scary again.

Luckily, his dad knows that even the bravest people can get scared, and it’s okay to ask for help facing your fears. It’s just guy stuff.

A family classic in the making from the dream team of Newbery Honor-winner Gennifer Choldenko and Caldecott Medal-winner Dan Santat.

★ "[Choldenko's] knowing, understated storytelling and Santat’s warm, expressive spreads give full credence to the fears that weigh on kids, as well as the presences—both real and imagined—that can help alleviate them."—Publishers Weekly (starred review)
Click here to purchase Dad and the Dinosaur: https://www.amazon.com/Dad-Din....osaur-Gennifer-Chold

Charlotte the Scientist Is Squished
by Camille Andros
Illustrated by Brianne Farley
Read by Let's Read Stories

Charlotte is a serious scientist. She solves important problems by following the scientific method. She has all the right equipment: protective glasses, a lab coat, a clipboard, and a magnifying glass. What she doesn’t have is space. She has so many brothers and sisters (she is a rabbit, after all) that she is too squished to work on her experiments! Can she use science to solve her problem? This funny, satisfying story is a playful introduction to the scientific method and perfect for sparking an interest in STEM subjects.

Click here to purchase Charlotte the Scientist Is Squished: https://www.amazon.com/Charlot....te-Scientist-Squishe

What Do You Do With an Idea
by Kobi Yamada
Illustrated by Mae Besom
Read by Let's Read Stories

A New York Times Best Seller and award-winning book, What Do You Do With an Idea? is for anyone who's ever had a big idea.

This is the story of one brilliant idea and the child who helps to bring it into the world. As the child's confidence grows, so does the idea itself. And then, one day, something amazing happens. This is a story for anyone, at any age, who's ever had an idea that seemed a little too big, too odd, too difficult. It's a story to inspire you to welcome that idea, to give it some space to grow, and to see what happens next. Because your idea isn't going anywhere. In fact, it's just getting started.

Praise for What Do You Do With an Idea?

National best seller, appearing in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and Publishers Weekly.

Gold medal winner of the Independent Publishers Award, the Washington State Book Award, and the Moonbeam Children's Book Award.

"What makes this message so unique is the simple but beautiful way it's delivered, in narrative and illustration, through the eyes and voice of an innocent and hopeful child. What Do You Do With An Idea? is a spectacular book for all ages and is a wonderful treasure for any home or school library."—The Children's Book Review


"Despite the fact that it's Yamada's first time writing a children's book, it's had breakout success, selling over 300,000 copies since its publication date of January 2014."—Publisher's Weekly

Kids Books like What Do you Do With an Idea read aloud are the perfect stories and experiences to build children's imagination and creativity. Help develop confidence in your toddler, kindergartener, 1st or 2nd grader with this story to listen to as supplemental reading or to read along with. Hearing children read stories can introduce kids to sentence structure and literacy in a safe and supportive environment. Thank you for watching!

Click here to purchase What Do You Do With an Idea: https://www.amazon.com/What-Do....-You-Idea/dp/1938298

We interrupt your normally scheduled Crash Course content to bring a new and exciting project we're calling 'Recess'! These short, fully animated episodes are going to pop up a few times a year and will shed light on amazing stories from past or current Crash Course subjects that for one reason or another didn't make it into the shows. We're hoping they inspire you to get back into a series you may have drifted away from, or spark an interest in a subject you didn't even know you found cool! So kick back, relax, and enjoy some Recess time.

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Mark Brouwer, Nickie Miskell Jr., Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
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In eastern Europe, in the 17th century a couple of "great powers" were coming into their own. The vast empire of Russia was modernizing under Peter the Great, and the relatively tiny state of Prussia was evolving as well. Russia (and Tsar Peter) reformed many aspects of Russian governance, realigning them toward the way things were done in western Europe. In Prussia, efficiency of institutions became a thing, and Prussia turned into "a large army with a small state attached."

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Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haxiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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Sources
Hosking, Geoffrey. Russia: People and Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Hunt, Lynn et al. Challenge of the West: Peoples and Cultures from 1320 to the Global
Age. Lexington: D. C. Heath, 1995.
Kivelson, Valerie A. and Ronald Grigor Suny. Russia’s Empires. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2016.
Stites, Richard. Serfdom, Society, and the Arts in Imperial Russia The Pleasure and the Power. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.

IMAGES and FOOTAGE:
Wikimedia Commons
iStock/fotoVoyager
Storyblocks/guillaumelynn

From 1932 to 1972, the United States Public Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention operated an extremely unethical medical experiment on the effects of outcomes of untreated syphilis. Hundreds of poor Black men from Macon County, Alabama were enrolled in the study, and treatment for syphilis was withheld from them. Even after antibiotics became available that could cure syphilis, these men were left to suffer from the disease and expose their families to syphilis as well. Today we're learning about the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, a shameful example of racism in American medicine, and a tragedy that still impacts how many Black Americans think about healthcare today.

Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is available now! https://bookshop.org/a/3859/9780316492935

VIDEO SOURCES
● Susan Reverby, Examining Tuskegee: The Infamous Syphilis Study and Its Legacy (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2009).
● Susan Reverby ed., Tuskegee’s Truth’s: Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2000).
● Harriet A. Washington, Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present (New York: Penguin Random House, 2008).
Nia Johnson. Expanding Accountability: Using the Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress Claim to Compensate Black American Families Who Remained Unheard in Medical Crisis. Hastings Law Journal. (Forthcoming, Summer 2021).
Brandt, Allan M. 1978. "Racism and research: The case of the Tuskegee Syphilis study." The Hastings Center Report 8(6): 21-29.
Tuskegee's Truths: Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (edited by Susan M. Reverby)
https://www.npr.org/sections/h....ealth-shots/2021/03/

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Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
__

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#crashcourse #history #tuskegee

The Milky Way is our neighborhood in the universe. It’s a galaxy and there are many others out there. Galaxies contain gas, dust, and billions of stars or more. They come in four main shapes: elliptical, spiral, peculiar, and irregular. Galaxies can collide, and grow in size by eating each other.

Check out the Crash Course Astronomy poster here: http://store.dftba.com/product....s/crashcourse-astron

--
Chapters:
Introduction: Galaxies 00:00
Spiral Galaxies 3:00
Elliptical Galaxies 5:22
Galactic Collisions 6:18
Peculiar Galaxies 8:46
Irregular Galaxies 9:29
Review 11:08
--
PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer

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--
PHOTOS/VIDEOS
NGC 5363 http://aftar.uaa.alaska.edu/gallery/details.cfm?img=316&type=# [credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage) and H. Schweiker (WIYN and NOAO/AURA/NSF)]
Panorama of Spiral Galaxy, M31 http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im1259.html [credit: Local Group Survey Team and T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage)]
Animation of a variable star http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1323j/ [credit: NASA, ESA, M. Kornmesser]
Hubble M31 PHAT Mosaic http://hubblesite.org/newscent....er/archive/releases/ [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Dalcanton, B.F. Williams, and L.C. Johnson (University of Washington), the PHAT team, and R. Gendler]
Elliptical - Death of giant galaxies spreads from the core https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1508/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
Spiral - HUBBLE VIEW OF BARRED SPIRAL GALAXY MESSIER 83 http://sci.esa.int/hubble/5359....0-hubble-view-of-bar [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). Credit: William Blair (Johns Hopkins University)]
Peculiar - Colliding galaxies make love, not war https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic0615/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
Irregular - Little Galaxy Explored http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pa....ges/spitzer/multimed [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/STScI]
Hubble Image of Messier 101 http://hubblesite.org/newscent....er/archive/releases/ [credit: NASA, ESA, K. Kuntz (JHU), F. Bresolin (University of Hawaii), J. Trauger (Jet Propulsion Lab), J. Mould (NOAO), Y.-H. Chu (University of Illinois, Urbana), and STScI]
A poster-size image of the beautiful barred spiral galaxy NGC 1300 http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo0501a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA)]
NGC 3344 http://skycenter.arizona.edu/g....allery/Galaxies/NGC3 [credit: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona]
Flocculent spiral NGC 2841 http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1104/ [credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team]
Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC1365 https://www.noao.edu/image_gal....lery/html/im1034.htm [credit: SSRO/PROMPT and NOAO/AURA/NSF]
Magnificent Details in a Dusty Spiral Galaxy http://hubblesite.org/newscent....er/archive/releases/ [credit: The Hubble Heritage Team]
Panning across Messier 77 http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1305b/ [credit: NASA, ESA, Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgement: A. van der Hoeven]
Hubble Mosaic of the Sombrero Galaxy http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo0328a/ [credit: NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team]
Spiral Galaxy NGC 4565 http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0525a/ [credit: ESO]
M87 (with Jet) http://skycenter.arizona.edu/g....allery/Galaxies/M87% [credit: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona]
M59, NGC4621 https://www.noao.edu/image_gal....lery/html/im0579.htm [credit: NOAO/AURA/NSF]
Fulldome simulation of colliding galaxies http://www.spacetelescope.org/....videos/gal_coll_dome [credit: NASA/STScI]
Antennae Galaxies http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1345a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
Terzan 5 Artist’s Concept http://www.sdss3.org/press/ima....ges/20111130.fourtai [credit: Amanda Smith, Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge]
Interacting Galaxy Pair Arp 87 http://hubblesite.org/newscent....er/archive/releases/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team]
Doing cartwheels to celebrate the end of an era http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1036a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
Hoag's Object http://hubblesite.org/newscent....er/archive/releases/ [credit: NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team]
Paranal Nights https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1401a/ [credit: Y. Beletsky (LCO)/ESO]
Tarantula Nebula http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1023a/ [credit: TRAPPIST/E. Jehin/ESO]
Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2014 http://hubblesite.org/newscent....er/archive/releases/ [credit: NASA, ESA]

Your heart gets a lot of attention from poets, songwriters, and storytellers, but today Hank's gonna tell you how it really works. The heart’s ventricles, atria, and valves create a pump that maintains both high and low pressure to circulate blood from the heart to the body through your arteries and bring it back to the heart through your veins. You'll also learn what your blood pressure measurements mean when we talk about systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!

Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Chapters:
Introduction: The Heart 00:00
Structure of the Heart 1:41
The Heart's Ventricles, Atria, and Valves 3:25
Arteries & Veins 4:35
Pulmonary Circulation Loop 5:04
Systemic Loop 6:14
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure 7:58
Review 8:59
Credits 9:29

***

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Jan Schmid, Anna-Ester Volozh, Robert Kunz, Jason A Saslow, Christian Ludvigsen, Chris Peters, Brad Wardell, Beatrice Jin, Roger C. Rocha, Eric Knight, Jessica Simmons, Jeffrey Thompson, Elliot Beter, Today I Found Out, James Craver, Ian Dundore, Jessica Wode, SR Foxley, Sandra Aft, Jacob Ash, Steve Marshall

***SUBBABLE MESSAGES***

TO: My Student
FROM: Earle

Check out www.youtube.com/amorsciendi for supplementary content.

--

TO: Everyone
FROM: Magnus Krokstad

Keep dreaming!

***SUPPORTER THANK YOU!***

Thank you so much to all of our awesome supporters for their contributions to help make Crash Course possible and freely available for everyone forever:

Damian Shaw, Taylor Garget, Emily Barker, Librarifan, Damian Shaw, Courtney Spurgeon, juliagraph, Katherine Allen, Stephen DeCubellis, Vanessa Benavent

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In which you are introduced to the life and accomplishments of Alexander the Great, his empire, his horse Bucephalus, the empires that came after him, and the idea of Greatness. Is greatness a question of accomplishment, of impact, or are people great because the rest of us decide they're great?

Also discussed are Kim Kardashian and the Situation, gender bias in history, Catherine the Great's death (not via horse love), the ardent love other generals--from Pompey the Great to Napoleon--had for Alexander, and a bit of Persian history.

Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
What Makes Historical Figures So 'Great?' 1:19
The Life of Alexander the Great 2:01
Death & Legacy of Alexander the Great 4:28
The Legend of Alexander the Great 6:11
An Open Letter to the Ladies 7:29
What Makes Alexander So Great? 8:34
Credits 10:29

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In which John Green teaches you about the Market Revolution. In the first half of the 19th century, the way people lived and worked in the United States changed drastically. At play was the classic (if anything in a 30-year-old nation can be called classic) American struggle between the Jeffersonian ideal of individuals sustaining themselves on small farms vs. the Hamiltonian vision of an economy based on manufacturing and trade. I'll give you one guess who won. Too late! It was Hamilton, which is why if you live in the United States, you probably live in a city and are unlikely to be a farmer. Please resist the urge to comment about this if you live in the country and/or are a farmer. Your anecdotal experience doesn't change the fact that most people live in cities. In the early 19th century, new technologies in transportation and communication helped remake the economic system of the country. Railroads and telegraphs changed the way people moved goods and information around. The long and short of it is, the Market Revolution meant that people now went somewhere to work rather than working at home. Often, that somewhere was a factory where they worked for an hourly wage rather than getting paid for the volume of goods they manufactured. This shift in the way people work has repercussions in our daily lives right down to today. Watch as John teaches you how the Market Revolution sowed the seeds of change in the way Americans thought about the roles of women, slavery, and labor rights. Also, check out high school John wearing his Academic Decathalon medals.

Hey teachers and students - Check out CommonLit's free collection of reading passages and curriculum resources to learn more about the events of this episode. As America invested in its market economy, certain transcendentalists resisted the rise of production and consumerism over individual freedoms, including Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/excerpt-from-walde
Ralph Waldo Emerson promoted transcendental values as well in his essay “Self-Reliance”: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/excerpt-from-self-

Chapters:
Introduction: The Market Revolution 00:00
The Era of Good Feelings 1:00
New technology in transportation 1:43
Steamboats and canals 2:45
Railroads & telegraphs 3:35
Factories & interchangeable parts 4:02
The rise of modern banking 4:51
Encouraging Competition 5:37
Work & life during the Market Revolution 6:29
Westward expansion & "Manifest Destiny" 8:32
Mystery Document 10:09
Transcendentalists 11:28
Wealth disparities after the Market Revolution 11:53
Credits 13:33

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The Renaissance was a cultural revitalization that spread across Europe, and had repercussions across the globe, but one smallish city-state in Italy was in many ways the epicenter of the thing. Florence, or as Italians might say, Firenze, was the home to a seemingly inordinate amount of the art, architecture, literature, and cultural output of the Renaissance. Artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo daVinci, Sandro Boticelli, and many others were associated with the city, and the money of patrons like the Medici family made a lot of the art possible. Today you'll learn about how the Renaissance came to be, and what impact it had on Europe and the world.

Our Sources:
Hunt, Lynn et al. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, 6th ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2019.
Donald R. Kelley, Renaissance Humanism. Boston: Twayne, 1991.

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Laura Busby, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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#crashcourse #europeanhistory #renaissance

In which John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. At the beginning of the 1800s, Latin America was firmly under the control of Spain and Portugal. The revolutionary zeal that had recently created the United States and had taken off Louis XVI's head in France arrived in South America, and a racially diverse group of people who felt more South American than European took over. John covers the soft revolution of Brazil, in which Prince Pedro boldly seized power from his father, but promised to give it back if King João ever returned to Brazil. He also covers the decidedly more violent revolutions in Mexico, Venezuela, and Argentina. Watch the video to see Simón Bolívar's dream of a United South America crushed, even as he manages to liberate a bunch of countries and get two currencies and about a thousand schools and parks named after him.

Chapters:
Introduction: Latin American Revolutions 00:00
Spheres of Influence: Spain, the Catholic Church, and the Patriarchy 0:37
Latin American Culture 2:12
Brazilian Independence 3:29
Mexican Independence 5:31
Venezuelan Independence 7:59
An Open Letter to Simón Bolívar 9:15
The Legacy of the Latin American Revolutions 10:25
Credits 12:49

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In which John Green teaches you about the fall of the Roman Empire, which happened considerably later than you may have been told. While the Western Roman Empire fell to barbarians in 476 CE, the Byzantines in Constantinople continued the Eastern Empire nicely, calling themselves Romans for a further 1000 years. Find out what Justinian and the rest of the Byzantine emperors were up to over there, and how the Roman Empire dragged out its famous Decline well into medieval times. In addition to all this, you'll learn about ancient sports riots and hipster barbarians, too.

Chapters:
Introduction: The Fall of Rome 00:00
Why Did the Roman Empire Fall? Barbarians at the Gates 0:30
Why Did the Roman Empire Fall? Barbarians Inside the Gates 2:07
An Open Letter to Pants 4:10
Constantine and the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire 5:10
Comparing the Eastern & Western Roman Empires 6:57
Emperor Justinian 8:08
The Orthodox and Catholic Churches Split 10:38
Credits 12:06

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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In which John Green teaches you about one of the least funny subjects in history: slavery. John investigates when and where slavery originated, how it changed over the centuries, and how Europeans and colonists in the Americas arrived at the idea that people could own other people based on skin color.

Slavery has existed as long as humans have had civilization, but the Atlantic Slave Trade was the height, or depth, of dehumanizing, brutal, chattel slavery. American slavery ended less than 150 years ago. In some parts of the world, it is still going on. So how do we reconcile that with modern life? In a desperate attempt at comic relief, Boba Fett makes an appearance.

Learn more about the Transatlantic Slave Trade in Episode #1 of Crash Course Black American History here: https://youtu.be/S72vvfBTQws

Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
The Atlantic Slave Trade 0:30
The History of European Slave Trade 1:12
How Africans Became Enslaved 1:54
Living Conditions of Enslaved People 2:55
An Open Letter to the Word 'Slave' 5:41
What is the Definition of Slavery? 6:45
Other Models of Slavery: Greek, Roman, Judeo-Christian, and Muslim 7:26
Credits 10:35

Resources:
Inhuman Bondage by David Brion Davis: https://bit.ly/3vdSdTX
Up From Slavery by Booker T Washington: https://bit.ly/3JJlxH4

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Hank describes how cells regulate their contents and communicate with one another via mechanisms within the cell membrane.

"Concert" music used with permission from Chameleon Circuit.
This video uses sounds from Freesound.org

Table of Contents time codes:
1) Passive Transport - 1:17
2) Diffusion - 1:25
3) Osmosis - 2:12
4) Channel Proteins- 4:37
5) Active Transport - 4:58
6) ATP - 5:37
7) Transport Proteins - 6:19
8) Biolography - 6:37
9) Vesicular Transport - 9:02
10) Exocytosis - 9:21
11) Endocytosis - 9:50
12) Phagocytosis - 9:57
13) Pinocytosis - 10:29
14) Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis - 10:48

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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