This is an educational video for children in which they will learn about the excretory system and the organs that make it up. The excretory system is formed by the urinary system and the sweat glands. Its function is to get rid of substances that the body does not need. The main organs of the urinary system are the kidneys. They are dark red, bean-shaped and are responsible for filtering waste from the blood. We also have the bladder, which is a balloon-shaped organ that stores urine. Once it is full, the urine travels out of the body through a tube called the urethra. Finally, we have the skin. Under the skin we can find the sweat glands, which are also responsible for filtering waste from the blood by expelling sweat.

This video is a very useful and interesting resource for children. It is perfect for teaching how the excretory system works. It is an excellent video for primary education.

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Educational video for kids to guess the odd one out. This challenge is a wonderful resource to practice visual attention skills and mental agility. You'll have 15 seconds to spot the different picture. If you can't make it within this time frame, you could always stop the video. Test you attention skills. Will you be able to reach the hardest level of the game? Only the best players have managed to make it to the end.

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Welcome to Crash Course Psychology!

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Over the course of 51 episodes, we're going to learn about Black American History. Clint Smith will teach you about the experience of Black people in America, from the arrival of the first enslaved Black people who arrived at Jamestown all the way to the Black Lives Matter movement.

You can get Clint's book here: https://bookshop.org/books/how....-the-word-is-passed-

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#crashcourse #Black #history

Continuing with last week's calculus introduction, Shini leads us through how integrals can help us figure out things like distance when we have several other essential bits of information. Say, for instance, you wanted to know how far your window was off the ground. You can figure that out by using integrals, a tennis ball, and a stopwatch! It's all here in this episode of Crash Course Physics!


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Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

***

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This week we’re exploring aerospace engineering and its two main fields: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. We’ll explore life & buoyancy, propulsion systems, and the challenges of managing the human body in space.

Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PL1mtdjDVOoO

PBS Space Time: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UC7_gcs09iThXybpVg

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RESOURCES:
https://www.history.com/topics/space-race
https://www.spacex.com/mars
https://www.princeton.edu/~asm....its/Bicycle_web/Bern
https://www.livescience.com/47....702-aerospace-engine
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/archit....ecture-and-engineeri
https://www.real-world-physics....-problems.com/hot-ai
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k....-12/airplane/bgp.htm
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/....forstudents/5-8/feat
https://www.nasa.gov/hrp/bodyinspace
https://www.space.com/25452-ze....ro-gravity-affects-a
https://www.space.com/21353-sp....ace-radiation-mars-m
http://www.planetary.org/blogs..../guest-blogs/2018/04
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/g....oddard/the-fact-and-
https://www.space.com/16907-wh....at-is-the-temperatur
https://www.wired.com/2010/11/....1110mars-climate-obs
http://edition.cnn.com/TECH/sp....ace/9909/30/mars.met
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/....forstudents/k-4/stor
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/8965.aspx
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/t....he-next-generation-o
http://curious.astro.cornell.e....du/about-us/150-peop
https://engineering.purdue.edu..../~propulsi/propulsio
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k....-12/airplane/inlet.h


***

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What is globalization? Is globalization a good thing or not. Well, I have an answer that may not surprise you: It's complicated. This week, Jacob and Adriene will argue that globalization is, in aggregate, good. Free trade and globalization tend to provide an overall benefit, and raises average incomes across the globe. The downside is that it isn't good for every individual in the system. In some countries, manufacturing jobs move to places where labor costs are lower. And some countries that receive the influx of jobs aren't prepared to deal with it, from a regulatory standpoint. Anyway, Jacob and Adriene can explain the whole thing to you in 10 minutes.

***

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So today Craig is going to look at political ideology in America. We're going to focus on liberals and conservatives and talk about the influencers of both of these viewpoints. Now, it's important to remember that political ideologies don't always perfectly correspond with political parties, and this correspondence becomes less and less likely over time. So, sure we can say that Democrats tend to be liberal and Republicans tend to be conservative, but we're not going to be talking about political parties in this episode. It's also important to note, that there are going to be a lot of generalizations here, as most peoples' ideologies fall on a spectrum, but we're going to try our best *crosses fingers* to summarize the most commonly held viewpoints for each of these positions as they are used pretty frequently in discussions of American politics.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

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In this, THE FIRST EPISODE of Crash Course Physics, your host Dr. Shini Somara introduces us to the ideas of motion in a straight line. She talks about displacement, acceleration, time, velocity, and the definition of acceleration. Also, how does a physicist discuss speed as opposed to a police officer? And did you deserve that ticket? You can figure it all out with the help of Physics!

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Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

What's that smell? Smell's like Organic Chemistry! This week Hank talks about Aromatics and Cyclic Compounds, naming their substituents, resonance, and common reactions & uses.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

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Table of Contents

Cyclic Organic Compounds & Naming Their Constituents 1:06
Aromatic Compounds 3:02
Resonance 3:18
Naming Aromatic Compounds 5:05
Common Reactions & Uses 7:24

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You’re probably familiar with the basics of magnets already: They have a north pole and a south pole. Two of the same pole will repel each other, while opposites attract. Only certain materials, especially those that contain iron, can be magnets. And there’s a magnetic field around Earth, which is why you can use a compass to figure out which way is north. In this episode of Crash Course Physics, Shini takes us into the world of magnetism!

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Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

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In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks about OCD and anxiety disorders in the hope we'll understand what people with actual OCD have to deal with as well as how torturous anxiety disorders and panic attacks can actually be.

Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych
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Chapters:
Introduction: Social Stigma of Psychological Disorders 00:00
What Defines an Anxiety Disorder? 1:55
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 2:35
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) 4:17
Panic Disorder & Panic Attacks 4:48
Phobias & Avoidance Behaviors 6:06
The Learning Perspective 7:38
The Biological Perspective 9:14
Review & Credits 10:38
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This week Craig continues our conversation on presidential powers by looking at those NOT found in the Constitution - implied or inherent powers. We’ll talk about how the President uses their power to negotiate executive agreements, recommend legislative initiatives, instate executive orders, impound funds, and claim executive privilege in order to get things done. Implied powers are kind of tough to tack down, as they aren’t really powers until they’re asserted, but once they are, most subsequent Presidents chose not to give them up. So we’ll try to cover those we’ve seen so far and talk a little bit about reactions to these sometimes controversial actions from the other branches of Congress.

Support is provided by Voqal: http://www.voqal.org
This episode is sponsored by Squarespace: http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse

Chapters:
Introduction: Informal Powers of the President 00:00
Informal powers of the President 0:50
Inherent power to use troops 1:20
War Powers Resolution 2:23
Executive agreements vs. treaties 2:42
CEO of the U.S. 3:31
Legislative Initiative 4:18
Executive orders 5:20
Impounding funds 6:02
Executive privilege 6:20
The importance of presidential precedent 6:56
Credits 7:21

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Now that we’ve started talking about identity, today Hank tackles the question of personhood. Philosophers have tried to assess what constitutes personhood with a variety of different criteria, including genetic, cognitive, social, sentience, and the gradient theory. As with many of philosophy’s great questions, this has much broader implications than simple conjecture. The way we answer this question informs all sorts of things about the way we move about the world, including our views on some of our greatest social debates.

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All other images via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace.
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In which Jacob Clifford and Adriene Hill teach you about Economic Systems and Macroeconomics. So, economics is basically about choices. We'll look at some of the broadest economic choices when we talk about the difference between planned economies and market economies. We'll get into communism, socialism, command economies, and capitalism. We'll look at how countries choose the kind of system they're going to use (spoiler alert: many end up with mixed economies). We'll also look into how individuals make economic choices.

Crash Course is now on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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Mark Brouwer, Jan Schmid, Anna-Ester Volozh, Robert Kunz, Jason A Saslow, Christian Ludvigsen, Chris Peters, Brad Wardell, Beatrice Jin, Roger C. Rocha, Eric Knight, Jessica Simmons, Jeffrey Thompson, Elliot Beter, Today I Found Out, James Craver, Ian Dundore, Jessica Wode, SR Foxley, Sandra Aft, Jacob Ash, Steve Marshall

TO: Everyone
FROM: Martin

To gild refined gold is just silly.


TO: Dana
FROM: Cameron

Still holding out. We're going to make it!

Thank you so much to all of our awesome supporters for their contributions to help make Crash Course possible and freely available for everyone forever:

Raymond Cason, Marcel Pogorzelski, Cowgirlgem, Chua Chen Wei, Catherine Emond, Victoria Uney, Robin Uney, Damian Shaw,
Sverre Rabbelier

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Before we dive into the big questions of philosophy, you need to know how to argue properly. We’ll start with an overview of philosophical reasoning and breakdown of how deductive arguments work (and sometimes don’t work).

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Images and video via VideoBlocks or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0:
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Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace.
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We’re picking up where we left off last time, exploring the “ethics of care” and how it applies to extreme poverty. Are we responding to global poverty in a moral way? Philosophers like Peter Singer argue that we have an obligation to prevent harm caused by poverty, whereas Garrett Hardin offers a “lifeboat analogy” to explain our obligations to focus on caring for our own.
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https://www.oxfam.org
http://www.thelifeyoucansave.org
https://www.againstmalaria.com
http://www.givewell.org/intern....ational/top-charitie

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As we continue explore free will, today Hank considers a middle ground between hard determinism and libertarian free will: compatibilism. This view seeks to find ways that our internally motivated actions can be understood as free in a deterministic world. We’ll also cover Frankfurt Cases and Patricia Churchland’s rejection of the free-or-not-free dichotomy and her focus on the amount of control we have over our actions.

--

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace.
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Nachos are great...if you are among the lucky ones whose bodies can digest them. When digestion goes according to plan, the small intestine performs most of your chemical digestion in the duodenum, while accessory organs including the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas contribute enzymes that all but finish the job. Then your large intestine, which is actually shorter than the small intestine, tries to extract the last bit of nutrition, including the occasional attempt to turn nachos into energy, which for most humans, ends in gassy failure.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!

Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Chapters:
Introduction: Lactose Intolerance 00:00
The Small Intestine 1:41
Parts of the Small Intestine: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum 2:53
The Duodenum 3:16
The Liver 4:17
The Gallbladder 5:14
The Pancreas 5:35
The Large Intestine 6:37
Why Nachos Might Make You Gassy 7:46
How Do We Poop? 8:13
Review 9:10
Credits 9:48

***

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark , Elliot Beter, Moritz Schmidt, Jeffrey Thompson, Ian Dundore, Jacob Ash, Jessica Wode, Today I Found Out, Christy Huddleston, James Craver, Chris Peters, SR Foxley, Steve Marshall, Simun Niclasen, Eric Kitchen, Robert Kunz, Avi Yashchin, Jason A Saslow, Jan Schmid, Daniel Baulig, Christian , Anna-Ester Volozh

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Nachos are delicious. And versatile because today they're also going to help us learn a thing or two about your digestive system. Nachos can provide us with energy and raw materials, by first ingesting something nutritious, propelling it through the alimentary canal where it will be mechanically broken down, and chemically digested by enzymes until my cells can absorb their monomers and use them to make whatever they need. And eventually, there will be pooping.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!

Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

Chapters:
Introduction: Why We Eat Food 00:00
Digestive System: Your Body's Disassembly Line 2:18
Structure of the Digestive System 4:18
Ingestion 6:24
Propulsion 7:00
Mechanical Breakdown 7:38
Digestion 8:01
Absorption 8:30
Defecation 8:50
Review 9:50
Credits 10:27

***

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark , Elliot Beter, Moritz Schmidt, Jeffrey Thompson, Ian Dundore, Jacob Ash, Jessica Wode, Today I Found Out, Christy Huddleston, James Craver, Chris Peters, SR Foxley, Steve Marshall, Simun Niclasen, Eric Kitchen, Robert Kunz, Avi Yashchin, Jason A Saslow, Jan Schmid, Daniel Baulig, Christian , Anna-Ester Volozh

***

Episode co-sponsors:
Bryan Drexler
Peter Rapp, Lightbow - www.lightbow.net
Sigmund Leirvåg
Mikael Modin - http://www.msf.org/
Jeremy Bradley

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In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank goes over the ideas of keeping your life balance... well, your chemical life. Equilibrium is all about balance and today Hank discusses Chemical Equilibrium, Concentration, Temperature, and Pressure. Also, he'll chat about Le Chatalier's Principle and Fritz Haber.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ
--
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Equilibrium = Balance: 0:19
Chemical Equilibrium: 1:25
Le Chatalier's Principle 4:37
Fritz Haber 5:31
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Today we start our unit on language with a discussion of meaning and how we assign and understand meaning. We’ll cover sense and reference, beetles in boxes, and language games.

We’re also getting into the meaning-making game ourselves: bananas are now chom-choms. Pass it on.

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Image Credits:
Chutes & Ladders by Ben Hussman https://www.flickr.com/photos/....benhusmann/312009594
Wizard School © DFTBA Games

All other images and video via ThinkStock or VideoBlocks
either public domain or via VideoBlocks, or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

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Today we're talking about the heart and heartthrobs -- both literal and those of the televised variety. Hank explains how your heart’s pacemaker cells use leaky membranes to generate their own action potentials, and how the resulting electricity travels through the cardiac conduction pathway from SA Node to Purkinje fibers, allowing your heart to contract. He's also going to make you better able to spot inaccuracies in medical dramas by explaining how defibrillators work to reset the rhythm of your heart.

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Chapters:
Introduction: Cardiac Arrest 00:00
Cardiac Muscle Tissue Structure 1:24
Pacemaker Cells - The Brain of Your Heart 2:49
The Intrinsic Cardiac Conduction System 3:56
How Defbrilators Work 6:46
Review 8:33
Credits 9:07

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Empire, imperialism, and colonialism are all interrelated tactics of geopolitics that are used to achieve similar goals of one state maintaining economic, political, or even cultural dominance over other territories. Today, we’re going to unravel the impacts of colonialism at different times throughout history from Taiwan to Myanmar as we examine the longstanding impacts of these relationships. We’ll also take a look at how some countries today, like Thailand, have taken the control of the narrative through culinary colonization.

SOURCES

General:
Getis, Bjelland, and Getis. Introduction to Geography, 15 ed. McGraw-Hill Education. 2017. ISBN: 978-1-259-57000-1

Gregory, Derek, Ron Johnston, Geraldine Pratt, Michael Watts, and Sarah Whatmore, eds. 2009. The Dictionary of Human Geography. 5th ed. Willey-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-3288-6

For a free and open source option for Intro to Human Geography, see: https://humangeography.pressbooks.com/

For a free and open source option for World Regional Geography, see: https://worldgeography.pressbo....oks.com/front-matter

Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam: 2020 edition.  The Princeton Review.

Taiwan: 
http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/7376/402.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/16493/
https://www.brookings.edu/rese....arch/taiwans-economi
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-....factbook/countries/t
https://eh.net/encyclopedia/th....e-economic-history-o
https://journals.openedition.o....rg/chinaperspectives

Condensed history of Asian Empire:
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/....main_pop/kpct/kp_190

Mongolia:
https://www.nationalgeographic.....com/culture/article
https://geohistory.today/mongo....l-empire-effects-rus

Myanmar:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-....factbook/countries/b
https://www.bbc.com/news/world....-asia-pacific-129928
https://www.newmandala.org/col....onialism-and-ethnic-
https://newint.org/features/2008/04/18/history/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Myanmar

Thailand
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-....factbook/countries/t
https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1140&context=dgs

Qing Dynasty
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_dynasty

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#CrashCourse #Geography #Colonization

Next stop in our tour of your sensory systems? VISION. With a little help from an optical illusion, we take a look inside your eyes to try to figure out how your sense of vision works -- and how it can be tricked.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
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Chapters:
Introduction: Optical Illusions 00:00
How Does Light Work? 1:31
Structure of the Eye 2:31
Layers of the Eye: Fibrous, Vascular, and Inner Layers 3:33
The Retina 4:56
Rods and Cones 6:07
How do Optical Illusions Work? 7:15
Review 8:33
Credits 9:14

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

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