Welcome to Crash Course Statistics! In this series we're going to take a look at the important role statistics play in our everyday lives, because statistics are everywhere! Statistics help us better understand the world and make decisions from what you'll wear tomorrow to government policy. But in the wrong hands, statistics can be used to misinform. So we're going to try to do two things in this series. Help show you the usefulness of statistics, but also help you become a more informed consumer of statistics. From probabilities, paradoxes, and p-values there's a lot to cover in this series, and there will be some math, but we promise only when it's most important. But first, we should talk about what statistics actually are, and what we can do with them. Statistics are tools, but they can't give us all the answers.

Episode Notes:

On Tea Tasting:
"The Lady Tasting Tea" by David Salsburg

On Chain Saw Injuries:
https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/chainsaws.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15027558
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aem/2015/459697/

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What exactly are Personality Disorders? How can they be diagnosed? Can we prevent some of them? In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank gives us the down-low on things like Ego-Dystonic and Ego-Syntonic Disorders, Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorders, and the potential biological, psychological, and social roots of these disorders.

Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych!

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Chapters:
Introduction: Personality Disorders 00:00
Ego-Dystonic vs. Ego-Syntonic Disorders 00:44
Personality Disorders 1:12
Modern Classifications of Personality Disorders 2:03
Three Clusters of Personality Disorders 2:23
Overlapping Traits, PDNOS, & the Dimensional Model of Personality Disorders 3:35
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) 4:31
Anti-Social Personality Disorder (Psychopathy & Sociopathy) 5:29
Early Indicators & Genetic Factors of Anti-Social Personality Disorder 6:54
Neural Basis of Anti-Social Personality Disorder 7:58
Treatments for Anti-Social Personality Disorder 9:01
Review & Credits 10:07
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In this episode, Hank goes over Reversible Reactions, the water dissociation constant, what pH and pOH actually mean, Acids, Bases, and Neutral Substances as well as the not-so-terrifying Logarithms, strong acids, weak acids, and how to calculate pH and pOH. Oh, and litmus paper!

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
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Table of Contents
Reversible Reactions 3:40
Water Dissociation Constant 5:00
Acids, Bases, & Neutral Substances 6:38
Strong and Weak Acids 7:43
Logarithms 1:46
Calculating pH and pOH 8:45
Cool Mathematical Connections 9:54

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In which John Green teaches you about the life and death of one of history's great explorers, Captain James Cook of the British Navy. He charted large swaths of the Pacific ocean, laid claim to Australia and New Zealand, and died a bizarre death in the Sandwich Islands, which are now called the Hawaiian Islands. Exactly how and why Captain Cook was killed in Hawaii is a long-running historical debate. John presents two interpretations of the event and talks about what the differing interpretations say about history. It turns out how the story is told depends on who is doing the storytelling, and people from different backgrounds can interpret events in very different ways. Also, there is a celebration and a mustache involved in this episode, so you definitely don't want to miss it.

Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
Captain James Cook 0:33
An Open Letter to "The White Man's Burden" 2:44
Captain Cook's Controversial Death 3:40
Interpretations of Captain Cook's Death: Makahiki 4:19
Issues with the Ritual Death Story 5:19
How Cook Actually (Probably) Died 6:34
Why Did Cook's Ritual Death Myth Persist? 8:03
Credits 10:00

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Today we are moving on from the existence of God to look at the philosophical debate surrounding the traditional divine attributes - omnipotence, omniscience, omnitemporality, and omnibenevolence. We are exploring the puzzles that these attributes create as well as some possible solutions to those puzzles, from Aquinas’ ideas of analogical predication, to the work of Eleanor Stump.

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"The Avengers" copyright 2012 Marvel Studios
"Suicide Squad" copyright 2016 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.
All other images and via Wikimedia Commons licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

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You're already learning on YouTube — why not get college credit for it? https://link.gostudyhall.com/my1

What is college? And should you go? In our first episode of Crash Course How to College, Erica talks us through some of the reasons you may or may not want to go after that degree.

Dr. Erica Brozovsky (from PBS's Otherwords) hosts and breaks down how to apply for, succeed at, and graduate from college. Check out our all new Study Hall Channel (linked above) where you can watch Fast Guides about college majors and even more series.

***
Now you can take top-tier college courses with Study Hall! Study Hall videos are available to watch at no cost, and first-year courses are $25 to sign-up and begin coursework. Once you're satisfied with your grade, receive credit for only $400. Sign up at https://link.gostudyhall.com/my1

Follow Study Hall on socials!
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Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GoStudyHall
__________________________________________________________________________
Chapters:
0:00 - Introduction
1:28 - What is college? + Types of colleges
5:42 - Why be an educated person
8:06 - Do you want to go to college?
__________________________________________________________________________
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#CrashCourse #StudyHall #College

Today we explore what obligations we hold with our personal beliefs. Hank explains epistemic responsibility and the issues it raises with everything from religious belief, to ship owning, to vaccinations.

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Images via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Today, we’re going to take a closer look at borders and the stories they tell. When we look at a map, the shapes we’re seeing can seem so permanent, but a map is just a snapshot of the Earth at a particular time, and by looking a countries shape (and how it has changed across time) we can learn so much about how power moves and the ebb and flow of conflict. We’ll talk about the different types of borders, and power dynamics at play in Armenia and Azerbaijan and even look to the oceans as we explore conflict in the South China Sea.

SOURCES

General

CIA Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/pu....blications/resources
Getis, Bjelland, and Getis. Introduction to Geography, 15 ed. McGraw-Hill Education. 2017. ISBN: 978-1-259-57000-1
Gregory, Derek, Ron Johnston, Geraldine Pratt, Michael Watts, and Sarah Whatmore, eds. 2009. The Dictionary of Human Geography. 5th ed. Willey-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-3288-6
For a free and open source option for Intro to Human Geography, see:
https://humangeography.pressbooks.com/
For a free and open source option for World Regional Geography, see:
https://worldgeography.pressbo....oks.com/front-matter
Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam: 2020 edition. The Princeton Review.
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-....factbook/field/dispu

South China Sea

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/0....7/15/world/asia/sout
https://www.cfr.org/global-con....flict-tracker/confli
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea

Armenian/Azerbaijan Conflicts

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU2v38hRRbg
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-....factbook/countries/a
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-....factbook/countries/a
https://pulitzercenter.org/sto....ries/how-azerbaijan-
https://www.mei.edu/publicatio....ns/diplomacy-attriti
https://www.bbc.com/travel/art....icle/20200721-nakhch
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Nakhchivan_Autonomou
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU2v38hRRbg

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#CrashCourse #Geography #Borders

Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology continues the journey through sensory systems with a look at how your sense of hearing works. We follow sounds as they work their way into the ear where they are registered and transformed into action potentials. This mechanism not only helps you hear but also helps maintain your equilibrium.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
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Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
How Sound Works 1:17
External Ear Structure & Function 2:18
Middle Ear Structure & Function 3:06
Inner Ear Labyrinth 4:12
Cochlea: Basilar Membrane 5:00
Cochlea: Organ of Corti 6:33
Equilibrium: Vestibular Apparatus 7:34
What Causes Motion Sickness? 9:04
Review 9:39
Credits 10:13

***

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In which John Green teaches you how the Civil War played a large part in making the United States the country that it is today. He covers some of the key ways in which Abraham Lincoln influenced the outcome of the war, and how the lack of foreign intervention also helped the Union win the war. John also covers the technology that made the Civil War different than previous wars. New weapons helped to influence the outcomes of battles, but photography influenced how the public at large perceived the war. In addition, John gets into the long-term effects of the war, including the federalization and unification of the United States. All this plus homesteading, land grant universities, railroads, federal currency, and taxes.

Check out the US National Archives Flickr. They have an awesome collection of Matthew Brady Civil War photography here: http://www.flickr.com/photos/u....snationalarchives/co

Hey teachers and students - Check out CommonLit's free collection of reading passages and curriculum resources to learn more about the events of this episode. One of the most influential moments of the Civil War was when President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/the-emancipation-p
However, Lincoln faced a long and difficult road before abolishing slavery, as seen in his relationship with Frederick Douglass: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/abolishing-slavery
When President Lincoln was assassinated, the nation grieved and pondered how it would recover from the Civil War: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/o-captain-my-capta

Learn more about the Civil War, Frederick Douglass, and more in Crash Course Black American History:
Frederick Douglass (#17): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QOTexnD-NE
Black Americans in the Civil War (#18): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NgdnsjPFNE

Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
Did Lincoln Free the Slaves? 0:59
How Some Slaves Freed Themselves 1:55
Why Lincoln Signed the Emancipation Proclamation 2:41
The Gettysburg Address 4:20
The First Modern War 5:01
Mystery Document 6:04
Matthew Brady - Civil War Photographer 6:26
A New Nation 7:01
The Homestead Act, Morrill Land Grant Act, and Pacific Railway Act 8:16
Financing the Civil War 8:54
Post-War Industrialization 9:37
Credits 10:21

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In which John Green explores F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel of the Jazz Age, The Great Gatsby. John introduces you to Nick Carraway, Jay Gatsby, Daisy and Tom Buchanan, and the other characters in the novel, and tries to look beyond the surface story to figure out what this thing is ABOUT. Set in the 1920s against a conflicted backdrop of prohibition and excess, The Great Gatsby takes a close look at the American Dream as it existed in Fitzgerald's time. It turns out, it had a lot to do with money and status, and it still does today. John will cover the rich symbolism of the novel, from the distant green light to the pale gold of wealth and decay. Also, Paris Hilton drops by.

Turn on the captions. You'll like it.

Consider supporting local bookstores by purchasing your books through our Bookshop affiliate link https://bookshop.org/shop/complexly or at your local bookseller.

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Organic reactions are kind of like carefully choreographed fight scenes, and nucleophilic attack is a key move. This episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry is all about nucleophiles and electrophiles, or what happens at those molecular hot spots we’ve been talking about. We’ll also learn about what IR spectra can tell us about reactions, and how cyanide is more than just a poison from mystery stories. Let’s get to it organophiles!

Series Sources:
Brown, W. H., Iverson, B. L., Ansyln, E. V., Foote, C., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2018.
Bruice, P. Y., Organic Chemistry, 7th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2014.
Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren., S., Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press, New York, 2012.
Jones Jr., M.; Fleming, S. A., Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 2014.
Klein., D., Organic Chemistry; 1st ed.; John Wiley & Sons, United States, 2012.
Louden M., Organic Chemistry; 5th ed.; Roberts and Company Publishers, Colorado, 2009.
McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, 9th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2016.
Smith, J. G., Organic chemistry; 6th ed.; McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2020.
Wade., L. G., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2013.

***
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Today we’re going to talk about climate change which is when there is a change in the average weather patterns in a region over a long period of time - these changes can be natural or human-caused. We’ll discuss the main driving forces of climate change in the past and show you how what’s happening now is unlike anything in the past. Global warming, or when there is an increase in the average surface temperature of the planet, has been well-documented since the Industrial Revolution, and scientists have concluded that there is a 95% probability that human activities like burning fossil fuels, industrialization, modern agriculture, and deforestation have caused most of this most recent warming. And while individual actions do matter in helping to curb the disastrous implications of a warming planet, it’s also up to us to hold corporations and governments responsible for the policies and the large-scale emissions that play a disproportionate role in impacting our atmosphere and climate.

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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, Nick, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Laura Damon, Andrei Krishkevich, Sam Ferguson, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Brian Thomas Gossett, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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#CrashCourse #Geography #Climate

Today we're going to tell the story of a quiet revolution in the 1960s that shifted our entire understanding of how the Earth works. We currently believe that the Earth's broken outer shell rises from the mantle and folds back in - kind of like a dance of creative destruction and reconstruction - giving us our continents and oceans, mountains and valleys, volcanoes, and earthquakes. And it would take a group of scientists all over the world to get us this grand unifying theory of plate tectonics.

SOURCES
Petersen, et al 2011. Fundamentals of Physical Geography. Cengage
Christopherson, R.W. 2010. Elemental Geosystems. Prentice Hall. 6th edition
Strahler, A. 2011. Introducing Physical Geography. Wiley and Sons. 5th Edition
http://metrocosm.com/earth-19000bc-3000ad.html
https://dinosaurpictures.org/ancient-earth#750
https://earthsky.org/space/ear....th-as-seen-from-spac
https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov..../explorations/lewis_
https://www.nationalgeographic.....org/encyclopedia/ri
ttps://www.ck12.org/earth-science/Oce....an-Ocean-Convergent-
https://www.reference.com/scie....nce/oceanic-oceanic-
http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/....users/prey/ACSGT/ERe

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Michael M. Varughese, Ben Follows, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Chris Routh, Evan Lawrence Henderson, Vincent, Emilee Murphy, Michael Wang, Jordan willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, Nick, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Katie Dean, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Jason A Saslow, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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#CrashCourse #Geography #Tectonics

Hank guides us through the process of natural selection, the key mechanism of evolution.

Table of Contents:
1) Natural Selection 1:27
2) Adaptation 2:56
3) Fitness 3:36
4) Four Principals 3:54
a. Variations 4:01
b. Heritability 4:17
c. "The Struggle for Existence" 4:25
d. Survival and Reproductive Rates 5:00
5) Biolography 5:59
6) Modes of Selection 7:40
a. Directional Selection 8:17
b. Stabilizing Selection 8:56
c. Disruptive Selection 9:27
7) Sexual Selection 10:22
8) Artificial Selection 11:24

References:
http://curiosity.discovery.com..../topic/ecology-and-e
http://www.globalchange.umich.....edu/globalchange1/cu
http://blogs.scientificamerica....n.com/observations/2
http://www.aibs.org/bioscience....-press-releases/reso
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.....edu/faculty/michael.
http://www.irac-online.org/about/resistance/
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolut....ion/library/01/6/l_0
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/....evolibrary/article/e

This video uses the following sounds from Freesound.org:
"20071104.forest.04.binaural.mp3" by dobroide
"ForestBirds.wav" by HerbertBoland

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The Harlem Renaissance produced many remarkable artists, writers, and thinkers. Today we'll talk about one of the most interesting minds of the time, Zora Neale Hurston. Hurston was an anthropologist by training and spent much of her career studying and documenting the lives of Black people in the southern US. She later went on to write several remarkable novels, including Their Eyes Were Watching God, which we discussed in Crash Course Literature. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kF0U8kIMp4&t=1s

Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is available now! https://bookshop.org/a/3859/9780316492935

VIDEO SOURCES

Susan Reverby, Examining Tuskegee: The Infamous Syphilis Study and Its Legacy (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2009).
Susan Reverby ed., Tuskegee’s Truth’s: Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2000).
Harriet A. Washington, Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present (New York: Penguin Random House, 2008).
“Alice Walker ~ Alice Walker Shines Light on Zora Neale Hurston | American Masters | PBS.” 2014. American Masters. January 30, 2014. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/ameri....canmasters/alice-wal
Burke, Marion C. 2012. “Zora Neale Hurston’s ‘Sweat’ and the Black Female Voice: The Perspective of the African-American Woman.” Inquiries Journal 4 (05). http://www.inquiriesjournal.co....m/articles/646/zora-
Hemenway, Robert E. n.d. “UI Press | Robert E. Hemenway | Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Biography.” Accessed June 23, 2021. https://www.press.uillinois.ed....u/books/catalog/75wf
“John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Zora Neale Hurston.” n.d. Accessed June 23, 2021. https://www.gf.org/fellows/all....-fellows/zora-Neale-
“Zora Neale Hurston | Biography, Books, Short Stories, & Facts.” n.d. Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed June 23, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/bio....graphy/Zora-Neale-Hu
Salamone, Frank A. "His Eyes Were Watching Her: Papa Franz Boas, Zora Neale Hurston, and Anthropology." Anthropos 109, no. 1 (2014): 217-24. Accessed July 4, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43861696.
https://www.c250.columbia.edu/....c250_celebrates/rema
Propaganda and aesthetics : the literary politics of Afro-American magazines in the twentieth century. Johnson, Abby Arthur. / Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press, 1979

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In which John Green teaches you about the beginnings of the American Revolution in a video titled The Seven Years War. Confusing? Maybe. John argues that the Seven Years' War, which is often called the French and Indian War in the US, laid a lot of the groundwork for the Revolution. More confusing? Why does this war have two names? Why were the French and Indians fighting each other? The Seven Years' war was actually a global war that went on for nine years. I think I'm having trouble making this clear. Anyway, the part of this global war that happened in North America was the French and Indian War. The French and Indian tribes were the force opposing the British, so that's the name that stuck. Let's get away from this war, as it makes my head hurt. Other stuff was going on in the colonies in the 18th century that primed the people for revolution. One was the Great Awakening. A religious revival was sweeping the country, introducing new ideas about religion and how it should be practiced. At the same time, thinkers like John Locke were rethinking the relationship between rulers and the ruled. So in this highly charged atmosphere, you can just imagine what would happen if the crown started trying to exert more control over the colonies. The colonists would probably just rise up, right? We'll see what happens next week.

Read the Mystery Document in its entirety in the Minutes of the Provincial Province of Pennsylvania Vol. IX: https://bit.ly/3jxHcrc

Hey teachers and students - Check out CommonLit's free collection of reading passages and curriculum resources to learn more about the events of this episode. Learn about how the European struggle for dominance throughout the French and Indian War impacted natives in North America: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/french-and-indian-

Still curious? Watch this other Crash Course video!
The Seven Years War: Crash Course World History #26 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0qbzNHmfW0


Chapters:
Introduction: The Seven Years War 00:00
Causes of the Seven Years War 0:32
Mercantilism in the American Colonies 1:14
Slave Labor in the American Colonies 1:46
French vs British Tensions Rise 2:09
The Battles of the Seven Years War 3:27
Outcomes of the Seven Years War 4:43
Mystery Document 5:35
Pontiac's Rebellion and the Proclamation Line 6:57
Republicanism & Liberalism in the American Colonies 7:42
The Great Awakening 8:37
Anti-Authority Sentiments in the American Colonies 9:44
Credits 10:11

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We’re continuing our look at engineering materials with third main type of material that you’ll encounter as an engineer: polymers. They’re made of long, repeating chains of smaller molecules known as monomers and today we’ll explore their strange history of polymers and the things that contributed to how we use them today.

Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PL1mtdjDVOoO

Check out Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12f

***

RESOURCES:
http://www.slate.com/articles/....news_and_politics/ex
https://www.britannica.com/science/polymer
http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/basics.htm
https://www.livescience.com/60682-polymers.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/copolymer
https://www.britannica.com/science/elastomer
https://www.cmu.edu/gelfand/ed....ucation/k12-teachers
http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/xlink.htm
https://www.britannica.com/tec....hnology/vulcanizatio
https://news.nationalgeographi....c.com/news/2010/06/1
https://www.britannica.com/sci....ence/polyvinyl-aceta
https://sciencebob.com/make-your-own-bouncy-ball/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com..../smart-news/once-upo
https://www.britannica.com/bio....graphy/Hermann-Staud
https://www.theatlantic.com/te....chnology/archive/201
https://www.britannica.com/sci....ence/polyethylene-te
https://physics.aps.org/articles/v11/29

***

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Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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Well, it wouldn't be too long after we started developing Ecology that we would try to control the environment. In some ways this was helpful and likely prevented a lot of people from starving. But, there have been a few downsides.


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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Naman Goel, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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In which John Green, Hank Green, and Emily Graslie teach you about the Anthropocene, an unofficial geological era that covers the last century or so, in which humanity has made massive progress. We've discovered the Higgs-Boson particle, and awesome electric cars, and amazing smartphones. So all this collective learning and progress has been good for everyone, right? Maybe not. We'll look at some of the pros and cons of all this "progress," including environmental impact, changes in the way people live and work, and political changes and wars that come along with the modern world. We've come a long way, but there's a long way to go. Crash Course will also take a look at what's going to happen in the near future. If we manage to make our way through the coming bottlenecks, we could be OK in coming centuries. Don't get too hopeful, though. The Sun will eventually die, and the Earth will be destroyed, and later the universe will eventually experience heat death. But we won't talk about those downers until next week.

For more information: http://www.bighistoryproject.com