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Our lizard friend the Gila monster probably has no idea that a chemical in its spit inspired one of the most important medical advancements of the 21st century. But this story is really about something bigger. Something deeper, beneath the surface. About why we do science in the first place. And about what kind of questions are the best ones for scientists to ask.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....useless-knowledge-re

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Check out or friends from Two Cents for more great videos about money and finance! https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCL8w_A8p8P1HWI3k6

Money. We all use it. But is it real? I mean, you can touch a coin or bill, but who decided that’s worth anything? And what about all those 1’s and 0’s getting swapped and traded by computers thousands of times per second? How are those worth anything? We trace the history of money, from physical barter to bitcoin, and discover that money isn’t just a lie we all agree to share, it’s been built on the back of technology and invention for millennia.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....invention-of-money-r

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Check out our whole series on ENERGY! http://bit.ly/1BnH5zu
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We've heard news of "peak oil" and "the end of the oil age" for years now, but we keep coming up with ways to find and pump more of it to the surface. Rising CO2 levels and the changing climate that results from burning fossil fuels mean that we should probably stop using oil sooner rather than later, though
Let's take a look at history and see how we've used different fuels, so that we might figure out when and how to make oil a thing of the past
LEARN MORE:
Special thanks to Sheril Kirshenbaum and the Webber Energy Group at the University of Texas at Austin for their help with this series. http://www.webberenergygroup.com/

Check out their awesome online course "Energy 101" to learn about energy and energy policy from A to Z! http://www.energy101.com/

And to find out what people think about energy, check out the UT Energy Poll: http://www.utenergypoll.com/


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks

-----------------

Last week's video:
Does the Moon Orbit the Earth? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cJ3AemeUFM

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

The cutest conservation story ever? Maybe.
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Special thanks to Dr. Donna Shaver and the Padre Island National Seashore Division of Sea Turtle Science and Recovery for having us!
Andrés Herrera film courtesy of Dr. Thane Wibbels - University of Alabama at Birmingham

References/Learn More:

Bevan, E., et al. "Estimating the historic size and current status of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) population." Ecosphere 7.3 (2016).

Johnsen, Sönke, and Kenneth J. Lohmann. "The physics and neurobiology of magnetoreception." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6.9 (2005): 703-712.

Lohmann, Kenneth J., Nathan F. Putman, and Catherine MF Lohmann. "Geomagnetic imprinting: a unifying hypothesis of long-distance natal homing in salmon and sea turtles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences105.49 (2008): 19096-19101.

Lohmann, Kenneth, and Catherine Lohmann. "Detection of magnetic inclination angle by sea turtles: a possible mechanism for determining latitude." Journal of Experimental Biology 194.1 (1994): 23-32.

Putman, Nathan F., et al. "Evidence for geomagnetic imprinting as a homing mechanism in Pacific salmon." Current Biology 23.4 (2013): 312-316.

Shaver, Donna J., and Charles W. Caillouet Jr. "Reintroduction of Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtle to Padre Island National Seashore, Texas and its connection to head-starting." Herpetological Conservation and Biology 10.1 (2015): 378-435.

Ueda, H. "Physiological mechanisms of imprinting and homing migration in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp." Journal of fish biology 81.2 (2012): 543-558.

----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Check out Planet Earth II! https://youtu.be/c8aFcHFu8QM
On BBC One in the UK this Sunday and coming to BBC America on 28th January 2017
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Find out when you can watch Planet Earth II:
http://www.bbcamerica.com/shows/planet-earth
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02544td
Special thanks to BBC Earth: https://www.youtube.com/user/BBCEarth

Planet Earth II is a BBC Studios Natural History Unit Production, co-produced with BBC America, ZDF, Tencent and France Télévision

Books from this episode:
“Superdove” by Courtney Humphries: http://amzn.to/2h0sZly
“Unseen City” by Nathanael Johnson http://amzn.to/2g3v1nM

-References/Learn More-

Robert Fulton’s illustrated “Book of Pigeons” - 1876 https://archive.org/details/illustratedbooko00robe

Scarf, Damian, Harlene Hayne, and Michael Colombo. "Pigeons on par with primates in numerical competence." Science 334.6063 (2011): 1664-1664.

Scarf, Damian, et al. "Orthographic processing in pigeons (Columba livia)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113.40 (2016): 11272-11276.

Skinner, Burrhus F. "Pigeons in a pelican." American Psychologist 15.1 (1960): 28.

Watanabe, Shigeru, Junko Sakamoto, and Masumi Wakita. "PIGEONS'DISCRIMINATION OF PAINTINGS BY MONET AND PICASSO." Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 63.2 (1995): 165-174.

----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you ) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

You're gonna lobe this video
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Are you a left-brained person or a right-brained person? Spoiler: You're neither. Each of us uses both sides of our brain for most of what we do. But still, there are a number of brain functions that do show lateralization, where they are localized to one side or another. Why is this? And how does it influence our definition of consciousness? People with "split brains" can help us figure it out.

Special thanks to Dr. Michael Gazzaniga for his help researching this video!
Here's a wonderful vintage film featuring Dr. Gazzaniga's early split brain work: https://archive.org/details/splitbrain

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READ MORE:

Gazzaniga, Michael S. "Forty-five years of split-brain research and still going strong." Nature reviews. Neuroscience 6.8 (2005): 653.
http://bit.ly/2ymOh55

Gazzaniga, Michael S. "The split-brain: Rooting consciousness in biology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.51 (2014): 18093-18094.
http://bit.ly/2yoacZo

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It's Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Shaena Montanari, Ph.D.
Editor/animator: Andrew Orsak
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
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Get your Audible trial here: http://audible.com/ok
Tweet this video ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzika1 Share on FB ⇒ http://bit.ly/OKTBSzikaFB
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Follow the latest news on Zika:
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/

Special thanks to the following for personal interviews about Zika outbreak:

Dr. Peter Hotez - Baylor College of Medicine
Dr. Scott Weaver - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Nikos Vasilakis - UT Medical Branch, Galveston
Dr. Dahotra Sarkar - University of Texas at Austin
Dr. Alex Wild - University of Texas at Austin
Mustapha Debboun - Harris County Mosquito Control

References/further reading:

Malaria and Rome: A History of Malaria in Ancient Italy - Robert Sallares
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50747841

Sallares, Robert, and Susan Gomzi. "Biomolecular archaeology of malaria."Ancient Biomolecules 3.3 (2001): 195-213.

Sallares, Robert, Abigail Bouwman, and Cecilia Anderung. "The spread of malaria to southern Europe in antiquity: new approaches to old problems."Medical history 48.03 (2004): 311-328.

Hotez, Peter J. "Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Anthropocene: The Cases of Zika, Ebola, and Other Infections." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10.4 (2016): e0004648.

Hotez, Peter J. "Blue marble health redux: Neglected tropical diseases and human development in the Group of 20 (G20) nations and Nigeria." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9.7 (2015): e0003672.


Thumbnail image credits:

Aedes aegypti mosquito: CDC/ Prof. Frank Hadley Collins, Dir., Cntr. for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Univ. of Notre Dame
Zika virus capsid: Manuel Almagro Rivas, Wikimedia Commons

----

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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-----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Music via APM
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Stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted) http://www.videoblocks.com

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
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You can check out Google's Science Journal app at http://g.co/ScienceJournal

We’ve all gotten dizzy before… but have you ever gotten WEIRD DIZZY? I teamed up with Vanessa Hill from BrainCrat to answer the question “why do we get dizzy?” and in the process we learned about some very strange and hilarious ways to get extra-special dizzy! Get ready to learn about your vestibular system, the system that lets you know where your body is in space. You don’t even notice your vestibular system is there… until it stops working right! #dizzy #neuroscience #vestibular

SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

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REFERENCES:

Blakley, B. W., & Siegel, M. (1995). Feeling dizzy: Understanding and treating dizziness, vertigo, and other balance disorders. New York: Macmillan.

Brandt, T. (2003). Vertigo: Its multisensory syndromes (2nd ed.). London: Springer.

Ekdale, E. G. (2016). Form and function of the mammalian inner ear. Journal of Anatomy, 228(2), 324-337.

Hayes, S. H., Dinga, D. Slavia, R. J., & Allman, B. (2013). Chapter 1 - Anatomy and physiology of the external, middle and inner ear. In Handbook of Clinical Neurophysiology (pp. 3-23).

Plishka, C. M. (2015). A clinician’s guide to balance and dizziness: Evaluation and treatment. Thorofare, New Jersey: SLACK Incorporated.

Steward O. (2000) The Vestibular System. In Functional Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY.

Welgampola, M. S., Bradshaw, A., & Halmagyi, G. M. (2011). Practical neurology part 4: Dizziness on head movement. Medical Journal of Australia, 195 (9): 518-522. doi: 10.5694/mja11.11001

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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

What is this? A forest for ANTS?! Deep Look: https://youtu.be/fguo3HvWjb0
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Follow Aaron Pomerantz: http://www.thenextgenscientist.com/
Twitter: @aaronpomerantz

Special thanks to Dr. Corrie Moreau from The Field Museum for helpful discussions while we were making this episode!

References/Learn More:

Edwards, David P., et al. "A plant needs ants like a dog needs fleas: Myrmelachista schumanni ants gall many tree species to create housing." The American Naturalist 174.5 (2009): 734-740.

Frederickson, Megan E. "Conflict over Reproduction in an Ant‐Plant Symbiosis: Why Allomerus octoarticulatus Ants Sterilize Cordia nodosa Trees." The American Naturalist 173.5 (2009): 675-681.

Frederickson, Megan E., and Deborah M. Gordon. "The intertwined population biology of two Amazonian myrmecophytes and their symbiotic ants." Ecology 90.6 (2009): 1595-1607.

Haddad Junior, Vidal, Luiz Roberto Hernandes Bicudo, and Adílson Fransozo. "The Triplaria tree (Triplaris spp) and Pseudomyrmex ants: a symbiotic relationship with risks of attack for humans." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 42.6 (2009): 727-729

Heil, Martin, et al. "Partner manipulation stabilises a horizontally transmitted mutualism." Ecology letters 17.2 (2014): 185-192.

Hölldobler, Bert, and Edward O. Wilson. The ants. Harvard University Press, 1990.

Sanchez, Adriana, and Edwin Bellota. "Protection against herbivory in the mutualism between Pseudomyrmex dendroicus (Formicidae) and Triplaris americana (Polygonaceae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46 (2015): 71.

Solano, Pascal-Jean, Monique Belin-Depoux, and Alain Dejean. "Formation and structure of food bodies in Cordia nodosa (Boraginaceae)." Comptes rendus biologies 328.7 (2005): 642-647.

Yu, Douglas W., and Naomi E. Pierce. "A castration parasite of an ant–plant mutualism." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 265.1394 (1998): 375-382.

----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
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Counting stars from the shore of the cosmic ocean…
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LIKE THE SHIRT I'M WEARING? It's glow in the dark! You can get it here (along with space undies and other good stuff): https://www.etsy.com/shop/makeitgoodpdx

How many stars are there in the universe? Are there more stars out there than grains of sand on Earth? Thanks to advanced space telescopes, we've been able to peer farther into deep time and the distant universe than we ever thought possible, and we might finally be able to answer these mind-boggling questions
Every star visible from Earth (naked eye): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bright_Star_Catalogue
Number of stars in the universe (estimated): http://www.universetoday.com/1....02630/how-many-stars
Hubble gigapixel image of Andromeda: http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1502a/
Hubble eXtreme Deep Field: http://xdf.ucolick.org/
How big is the sky? http://www.badastronomy.com/bitesize/bigsky.html
How much sand is there on Earth? http://www.hawaii.edu/suremath/jsand.html
What would the cosmic sandbox look like? https://what-if.xkcd.com/83/

Carl Sagan's Cosmos: "The Shore of the Cosmic Ocean": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pa1ImgOcOPM


Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!
Follow on Twitter: http://twitter.com/okaytobesmart
http://twitter.com/jtotheizzoe
Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
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-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Google+ https://plus.google.com/+itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images from Shutterstock

-----------------

Last week's video:
What Color Is The Universe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibVofIHq71s

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate
More info and sources below ↓

Check out the FULL video from Smarter Every Day of jellyfish stinging in microscopic slow-motion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WJCnC5ebf4

Jellyfish are mesmerizing and beautiful and I have no idea how they work. So I went behind the scenes at the Monterey Bay Aquarium with my new friend Tommy to learn all about them. I saw some things…

Why are we in Monterey? PBS and BBC are teaming up to bring you an incredible LIVE nature broadcast direct from Monterey Bay, California called BIG BLUE LIVE. In late summer, thousands and thousands of ocean animals come together here, in one of the richest ecosystems on Earth. We'll be bringing you a week of videos direct from Monterey Bay all about this incredible place and the biology it holds
Big Blue Live airs nightly on PBS 8/31-9/2 at 8 PM ET
Big Blue Live airs on BBC One 8/23 (7PM), 8/27 (8 PM), 8/30 (7 PM)

More info here:
pbs.org/bigbluelive
facebook.com/PBS
facebook.com/BBCBigBlueLive

Follow Joe during Big Blue Live!
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(Whale illustrations by Nobu Tamura/CC-BY-3.0)

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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Follow on Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
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-----------------
It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted)

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Subscribe so we can hit 1 MILLION! http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
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How far would ocean viruses stretch? http://www.virology.ws/2009/10..../19/ten-cool-facts-a

Follow Aaron Pomerantz!
Twitter @AaronPomerantz
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCHr0u7Jsktou2CFl2
http://www.thenextgenscientist.com/

Videos referenced in this episode:

Is Big Data Getting Too Big? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTMkc0bLRlI
Musical Tesla Coils in Slow Motion! Featuring Physics Girl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGhNgeg9IAw
Is Ultron Inevitable? Ft. Vsauce3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Irmtk5QG8s
Could Planet Minecraft Actually Exist? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5N7d8mcQk4
Why Are You Multicellular? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdVc2J_OwDc
The Most Important Moment in the History of Life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jf06MlX8yik
Traveling Light (from Vsauce3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOoFkwj91pk
Do Plants Think? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm6zfHzvqX4
Why Do We Have To Sleep? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mufsteNrTI
Hurricanes: Engines of Destruction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xtu2_ziBI_w

I don’t know why anyone would want to read this, but here’s my dissertation:
http://bit.ly/2cU8DuN

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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How the night sky tricks our brains!
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Here’s how you all described the color of the moon:
https://www.facebook.com/itsok....aytobesmart/photos/a
http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/128880963932/

More about the white squares illusion: http://www.psy.ritsumei.ac.jp/....~akitaoka/illgelbe.h

Checker shadow illusion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Checker_shadow_illus

Special thanks to Dr. Alan Gilchrist!
Read his paper “Perceptual Organization in Lightness” http://www.gestaltrevision.be/....pdfs/oxford/Gilchris

Josef Albers “The Interaction of Color” https://www.brainpickings.org/....2013/08/16/interacti

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc.
Kate Eads - Producer
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Katie Graham - Camera
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Theme music: “Ouroboros” by Kevin MacLeod

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If everyone would just put more in the recycling bin instead of the trash can, the world would be a better place. Right? Well, that’s not exactly true. For many items that end up in the recycling bin, you’ve actually created more trash by trying to recycle them. You’ve also made it harder to recycle the stuff that CAN be saved, and basically demonstrated that recycling is broken… at least the way we do it today. Here’s how we can fix it.

What can you recycle? Some helpful links:
https://www.recyclenow.com/
https://www.wm.com/us/en/insid....e-wm/recycle-right/r

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....recycling-is-broken/

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Hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones are Earth’s most powerful storms, capable of unleashing destruction and death on coastal areas worldwide. As climate change warms Earth’s oceans, we face more risk of storms rapidly intensifying into category 5, sometimes in less than a single day. Being able to predict these rapidly intensifying storms will save lives, but studying hurricanes in detail is difficult and dangerous. So in order to improve our understanding of hurricanes, scientists have built a machine that can create hurricane conditions indoors. #weather #hurricanes

Filmed at the Alfred C. Glassell, Jr. SUSTAIN Laboratory at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami https://sustain.rsmas.miami.edu/

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You can learn more about your personal DNA story by going to https://23andMe.com/okay

↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

Why do we love people we're related to? Compared to strangers, why do we feel such a deep sense of connection with our family members? Sure, they're nice to us, we take care of each other, and we often live with them, but there has to be a deeper biological reason. That reason, unsurprisingly is evolution. In this video, I explain why taking care of our family, or even dying for them, makes sense in the eyes of evolution.

SOURCES:
This video covers more than a half century of evolutionary biology theory and observation, but here's some reading if you'd like to learn more:

Dawkins, Richard. (1976) "The Selfish Gene" http://amzn.to/2Dhd257

Fisher, R. A. (1930). "The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection" http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880368061

Haldane, J.B.S. (1932). "The Causes of Evolution." London: Longmans, Green & Co.

Hamilton, W. D. (1963). "The evolution of altruistic behavior." The American Naturalist, 97(896), 354-356.

Hamilton, W. D. (1964). "The genetical evolution of social behaviour I." Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7(1), 1-16.


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It's Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Stephanie Keep
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Orsak
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Ever wonder why you have thumbs?

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The human hand, with its multi-talented thumb, might be man's greatest tool. But did you know we can trace that thumb, and the hand and arm it's connected to, all the way back to a 375 million-year-old fish named Tiktaalik?

This week I sit down with paleontologist and geneticist Dr. Neil Shubin to learn what a fish, and a little blue hedgehog, can teach us about the evolution of thumbs.

Be sure to watch Neil Shubin's special 3-part series "Your Inner Fish" on your local PBS station, premiering Wednesday, April 9 at 10 PM Eastern!
http://www.pbs.org/your-inner-fish/home/

Also check out Neil's book "Your Inner Fish": http://amzn.to/1ssBCFt

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
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Music:
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Produced for PBS Digital Studios
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“In Our Nature” is a NEW special limited series on It’s Okay To Be Smart!
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Seemingly distant ecosystems, even half a world apart, are connected in surprising ways. In this special limited series, Emily Graslie and Trace Dominguez join me as we explore the universal rules of life that tie together Earth’s living systems. In episode 2, we study the complex family relationships of elephants in Africa’s Serengeti plains and how their shared knowledge can help them survive. Then we travel to San Francisco to discover how the intricate songs of birds have changed in the face of our own culture. How common is culture in the animal kingdom? And what role does it play in the survival of species?

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....in-our-nature-episod

00:00 Intro
00:45 What is culture?
02:42 Do animals have culture?
03:33 Serengeti: Culture in African elephants
14:18 San Francisco: Culture in urban songbirds
23:34 Conclusion

In Our Nature is a special miniseries produced by It’s Okay To Be Smart for PBS. Stay tuned for more episodes coming this summer, here on our YouTube channel!

Original Production Funding provided by: Anne Ray Foundation, a Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropy

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The finest burritos in the world are made in San Francisco’s Mission District. But how can you get a hot & fresh one in New York City in time for lunch? Physics, that’s how. For this very serious and scientific video, we dug a classic documentary out of the vault that tells the story of the transcontinental burrito tunnel, and its successor, the transcontinental burrito hypertunnel. They are both true marvels of physics. Oh, and they aren’t real… but the science is.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....burrito-tunnel-refer

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Here we are, just a year after the first news of the coronavirus we now call SARS-CoV-2 and the global pandemic known as COVID-19… and scientists have already developed more than one safe & effective vaccine. How did they do that so quickly? I visited the lab whose work directly led to these first COVID vaccines, so you can learn how basic research connects to life-saving medicine. This is how to make a COVID-19 vaccine.

Coronavirus animation courtesy of: Janet Iwasa, University of Utah, with funding from the NSF, the Coronavirus Structural Task Force and the German Federal Ministery of Research

References:
Wrapp, D. et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science 367, 1260–1263 (2020) doi: 10.1126/science.abb2507

Watanabe, Y., Allen, J. D., Wrapp, D., McLellan, J. S. & Crispin, M. Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Science eabb9983 (2020) doi:10.1126/science.abb9983.

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...and other Christmas mysteries answered with science!
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Happy Holidays! Ever wonder how Santa could possibly manage to deliver all those presents in a single night? Or what gives red-nosed reindeer the ability to fly? And why do your Christmas lights get tangled in knots no matter how carefully you put the away?!

Here's some Christmas-themed science, as our gift to you. See you in 2015!

SOURCES:
Why Christmas lights tangle: "Spontaneous knotting of an agitated string" http://www.pnas.org/content/104/42/16432

Apollo 8 "Santa sighting" https://archive.org/details/Apollo8Highlights

Santa's reindeer are probably female: http://www.livescience.com/321....49-are-santas-reinde

Reindeer hair is hollow and "buoyant" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6150798

Reindeer really do have red noses: http://www.bmj.com/content/345..../bmj.e8311.full.pdf+

Reindeer eyes change color: http://phenomena.nationalgeogr....aphic.com/2013/10/29

Santa's challenge (check my math!): http://bit.ly/1sOW15q

Produced for PBS Digital Studios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen Inc
Kate Eads - Associate Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
John Knudsen - Gaffer
Dalton Allen - Post-Production Intern

Theme music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

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I’m vaccinated. I’m boosted. And I still got infected with the omicron variant of COVID-19. Here’s what I learned, and what it means for the possible end of this pandemic.

References and sources:
https://sites.google.com/view/....be-smart-omicron-cov

0:00 Intro
1:16 What is Omicron?
2:23 Is Omicron more contagious?
4:31 What's different about Omicron?
5:42 Is Omicron less severe?
8:07 Are the vaccines ineffective?
9:55 What no one's saying about vaccines
11:34 Injection + Infection: Is "hybrid immunity" better?
13:46 Will Omicron end the pandemic?
15:41 Final thoughts

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This video covers all of the main rules associated with fractions. Often math students get intimidated by questions involving fractions; hopefully this helps you understand fractions better and improve your confidence when working with them! Go to jensenmath.ca for FREE math resources.

0:00 - What is a fraction?
1:35 - Reducing fractions
6:06 - Multiplying fractions
10:41 - Dividing fractions
13:43 - Adding and Subtracting fractions
18:21 - Mixed and improper fractions
22:22 - Percent
25:12 - Equations with fractions
28:53 - Rational Exponents
32:10 - Rationalizing the denominator

Visit Numberock's website for exclusive content, lesson materials & much more.
FREE TRIAL: https://learnmore.numberock.com/free-cfd.

Thank you for watching our Converting Fractions to Decimals Song
This song targets learning standards from 4th Grade - 6th Grade.

»»-------------¤-------------««»»-------------¤-------------««

Newly Available for Website Subscribers:
1. Number Notes | Highly-visual math worksheets that integrate drawing and creative processes that make problem-solving and note-taking way more fun.

Research has shown that resources like these worksheets help students to integrate their artistic side with the mathematical side of their brain and as a result aides with long-term memory retention.

Our own research has shown us that teachers who try these activities love them! It seems to be a natural extension beyond song and video and into additional visual learning tools that when used in concert with our videos, cater to the many different types of learners that in your classroom - especially those non-mathy types.

Hope to see you at https://learnmore.numberock.com/free-cfd.