Key aspects of pyramid construction from quarry to completion.
Check out Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe
Live show in Alabama: http://bit.ly/VeRAOI

The most common misconception about the pyramids is that they were built by slaves. Recent archeological evidence suggests they were instead constructed by paid workers. Some may have performed this work as a form of tax payment for several months of the year. Skilled engineers would have planned and orchestrated the building. An estimated 10,000-20,000 people would have been working on a pyramid at any one point in time. They were well fed and provided with shelter near the pyramids. Plus their burial sites close by indicate they were respected and were not slaves.

Much of the limestone was quarried from the Giza plateau itself, meaning the stones did not need to be transported far. The granite casing of Menkaure's pyramid, on the other hand, was transported from Aswan, around 600 miles, or 1000 km up the Nile.

Editing assistance by Dustin Chow

Music by Kevin MacLeod, Incompetech.com "Desert City" and "Ibn Al-Noor"

Droplets levitate on a bath of liquid nitrogen and are spontaneously self-propelled. Thanks Audible! Start a 30-day trial and your first audiobook is free. Go to https://audible.com/VERITASIUM or text VERITASIUM to 500500.

Special thanks to Dr. Anaïs Gauthier
Physics of Fluids: https://pof.tnw.utwente.nl/

Self-propulsion of inverse Leidenfrost drops on a cryogenic bath
Anaïs Gauthier, Christian Diddens, Rémi Proville, Detlef Lohse, and Devaraj van der Meer
PNAS January 22, 2019 116 (4) 1174-1179; published ahead of print January 22, 2019
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/4/1174

For a detailed description of the setup:
http://www.lps.ens.fr/~adda/pa....piers/Langmuir2016.p

And self-propulsion is also seen: http://www.lps.ens.fr/~adda/pa....piers/InvLeidenfrost

Other recent (hot) Leidenfrost experiments that might be interesting:
* Leidenfrost wheels: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glRGl-eYuXo
* Leidenfrost maze: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=174&v=vPZ7sx3EwUY
* Leidenfrost explosions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0sp3AjgUy4

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Donal Botkin, James M Nicholson, Michael Krugman, Nathan Hansen, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Terrance Shepherd

Thanks to Prof. Kevin McKeegan at UCLA for the liquid nitrogen

Filming by Raquel Nuno

Additional animations by Alan Chamberlain

A rare look inside the Svalbard Global Seed Vault which is closed ~350 days a year
Check out Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe
More info on the seed vault: http://wke.lt/w/s/EKFlK
My trip to Norway was funded by Screen Australia, Film Victoria and Genepool Productions as part of a new project. More information soon.

Special thanks to Bente Naeverdal and the Crop Trust: https://www.croptrust.org

A recent survey of scientific literacy in Australia found 30% believe it takes one day for the Earth to go around the sun. This video provides qualitative evidence for the finding from Sydney's Eastern beaches.

I always wanted to know why film looked better than video. Moving electronic images have as long a history but were invented for a different purpose. This video was sponsored by B&H Photo: https://www.bhphotovideo.com

Huge thanks to:

Richard Diehl, Video Labguy https://www.youtube.com/user/videolabguy
https://www.labguysworld.com

Branch Education for awesome animations
https://ve42.co/BranchEd

Minutephysics for mechanical TV animations
https://www.youtube.com/minutephysics

Mark Schubin
Engineer and explainer, SMPTE Life Fellow
https://www.smpte.org

This is a video I've long wanted to make, about what makes video look like video and, up until 10 years ago or so, not as appealing as film. I grew up with the two technologies (film and video) in parallel and to me they always seemed like two ways of achieving the same ends: recording and replaying moving images. But their histories are quite distinct. Film was always a way to capture moving images for later replaying. Video started out as a way to transfer images from one place to another instantaneously. This dates back to the first fax machine, mechanical TV, live broadcast tv and ultimately videotapes. This history focuses on the early decades of video and not the more recent switches to chip cameras and solid state storage. Maybe that's a story for another day.

Additional resources and references:

The Dawn of Tape: Transmission Device as Preservation Medium
https://ve42.co/dawnoftape

What Sparked Video Research in 1877? The Overlooked Role of the Siemens Artificial Eye
https://ve42.co/sparkvideo

Video Preservation Website:
http://videopreservation.conservation-us.org

Image Orthicon Tube:
http://interiorcommunicationse....lectrician.tpub.com/

Film vs Digital
https://stephenfollows.com/film-vs-digital/

Eyes of a Generation:
http://eyesofageneration.com

Television in the US:
http://www3.northern.edu/wild/th100/tv.htm

http://www.classictvinfo.com

Music from https://www.epidemicsound.com "Seaweed" "Capture a Picture 1" "Colorful Animation 4"

How does Japan prepare for its devastating earthquakes? With this giant simulator. For a free trial to Shopify go to https://www.shopify.com/veritasium.

If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, head to https://ve42.co/SnatomsV to try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically.

▀▀▀
A massive thank you to everyone at NIED for allowing access to their facility. Massive thanks to Okouchi-san for arranging this shoot.

A huge thank you to Dr. Yohsuke Kawamata for the tour of E-defense and for sharing his deep expertise.

▀▀▀
References:
Nakashima, M., et al. (2018). Experiences, accomplishments, lessons, and challenges of E‐defense. Tests using world's largest shaking table. Japan Architectural Review, 1(1), 4-17. - https://ve42.co/Nakashima
Suganuma, K. (2005). 3-D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility (E-Defense). NISTEP Science & Technology Foresight Center. - https://ve42.co/Suganuma
Ohtani, K., et al. (2004). Construction of E-Defense (3-D full-scale earthquake testing facility). In Thirteenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (Vol. 189). - https://ve42.co/Ohtani
Horiuchi, T., et al. (2022). Contributions of E-Defense Shaking Table to Earthquake Engineering and its Future. Journal of Disaster Research, 17(6), 985-999. - https://ve42.co/Horiuchi
Nakamura, I., et al. (2008). E-Defense experiments on full-scale wooden houses. In Proceedings of the 14th World conference on earthquake engineering, Beijing, China (pp. 12-17). - https://ve42.co/Nakamura
Japan: The Next Big Quake. Financial Times. - https://ve42.co/BigQuake


Images & Video:
Kobe earthquake compilation - https://ve42.co/Kobe


▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
carrotcypher, Chris Harper, Max Paladino, Balkrishna Heroor, Adam Foreman, Orlando Bassotto, Tj Steyn, meg noah, KeyWestr, TTST, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, David Johnston, Ubiquity Ventures, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Sam Lutfi.

▀▀▀
Directed by Will Wood and Petr Lebedev
Written by Will Wood, Petr Lebedev and Derek Muller
Edited by Jack Saxon and Trenton Oliver
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, Leigh Williamson, David Szakaly
Filmed by Petr Lebedev, Lui Kimishima and Derek Muller
Produced by Will Wood, Petr Lebedev, Han Evans and Derek Muller
Thumbnail by Ren Hurley

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and NIED (E-defense)
Music from Epidemic Sound

The Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity aims to make the first powered flight on another planet when it takes off on Mars. It has now landed and safely checked in with the rover. It should detach and fly within the first 30-60 days of the mission. I learned a lot getting to visit the drone right before it was mounted on the rover at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena.

How do you fly in 1% of Earth's atmosphere:
Have large rotors (they are 1.2m in diameter) and spin them very fast, around 2500 RPM (5x the speed of a helicopter on Earth).

Plus the aircraft has to be light:
The Mars helicopter weighs in at 1.8kg or around the same as a laptop. Every piece had to be stripped down for weight. Instead of using aerogel for insulation, the craft makes use of CO2 gaps between components. Even aerogel was too heavy!

One of the major challenges is surviving the Martian night:
Temperatures plunge to -80C to -100C so two thirds of the craft's power is actually used to keep its electronics warm. Only one third is used for flying. The estimated flight time is 90 seconds.

The craft can't be driven remotely, it will have to fly autonomously, using its own sensor suite to determine how to fly. The round trip 20 minute delay with Earth means steering the craft from mission control would be impossible.

Huge Thanks to Patreon Supporters:
Philipp Volgger, Chris Vargas, Ron Neal, Alfred Wallace, Colin Bellmore, Michael Krugman, James Knight, Donal Botkin, Sam Lutfi, Mohammed Al Sahaf, Kevin Beavers, Chuck Lauer Vose, Bryan Baker, James Wong, kkm, Manuel Zürcher, Tige Thorman, Jasper Xin, Leah Howard, Daniel Milum, Mathias Göransson, Stan Presolski, Lyvann Ferrusca, Arjun Chakroborty, June Kang, Listen Money Matters, Pindex, Joar Wandborg, DALE HORNE, Parker Linn, Roberto Rezende

Jonny Hyman was a legend in editing, animation, filming, and sound design for this video.

I've created an educational product to help people learn chemistry!
You can buy it here: http://www.snatoms.com

How an SAT question became a mathematical paradox. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

Special thanks to our Patreon supporters! Join this list to help us keep our videos free, forever:
https://ve42.co/PatreonDEB

I invented Snatoms, a molecule modeling kit where the atoms snap together magnetically. Try it at https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

Huge thanks to Dr. Doug Jungreis for taking the time to speak with us about this SAT question.
Thanks to Stellarium, a wonderful free astronomy simulator – https://ve42.co/Stellarium
Thanks to Newspapers.com, a database of historical newspapers – https://ve42.co/Newspapers

▀▀▀
References:
Summary of this problem by MindYourDecisions – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kN3AOMrnEUs
More cool math about this problem by Kyle Hill – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zCDbB9wvrc
Discussion of a solar day by MinutePhysics – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZMMuv0Ltyo
Murtagh, J. (2023). The SAT Problem That Everybody Got Wrong. Scientific American – https://ve42.co/SATSciAm
United Press International (1982). Error Found in S.A.T. Question. New York Times – https://ve42.co/SAT-NYT
Yang (2020). What's the hardest SAT math problem that you've seen? Quora – https://ve42.co/SATQuora
Coin rotation paradox via Wikipedia – https://ve42.co/CoinParadox
Simmons, B. (2015). Circle revolutions rolling around another circle. MathStackExchange. – https://ve42.co/CircleRoll
Sidereal time via Wikipedia – https://ve42.co/SiderealWiki
Solar Time vs. Sidereal Time via Las Cumbres Observatory – https://ve42.co/SiderealLCO

Images & Video:
Zotti, G., et al. (2021). The Simulated Sky: Stellarium for Cultural Astronomy Research - https://ve42.co/Stellarium
Newspapers from 1980s - 1990s via Newspapers.com – https://ve42.co/Newspapers
SAT Practice Test via the College Board – https://ve42.co/PracticeSAT
Revolution Definition via NASA – https://ve42.co/RevolutionNASA
Revolution Definition via Merriam-Webster – https://ve42.co/RevolutionWebster
Earth motion animation via NASA – https://ve42.co/OrbitNASA
Satellite animation via NASA – https://ve42.co/SatNASA

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Chris Harper, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Max Paladino, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures

▀▀▀
Directed by Emily Zhang
Written by Emily Zhang and Gregor Čavlović
Edited by Peter Nelson
Animated by Ivy Tello and Fabio Albertelli
Filmed by Derek Muller
Produced by Emily Zhang, Han Evans, Gregor Čavlović, and Derek Muller

Thumbnail by Ren Hurley
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound

What happens when you shrink robots down to the size of insects? Let’s explore the mind-bending physics behind their superpowers! Engineers get Onshape Professional free up to 6 months: go to https://www.onshape.pro/veritasium to create CAD models and bring your ideas to life.

▀▀▀
00:00 The Problem Of Surface Tension
3:16 How Does A Bee Fly?
7:08 What Powers Something So Small?
8:16 Tiny Muscles
10:36 Pogo Sticks On Mars
11:27 Mini Search Parties
13:29 Swarms Of Spybots
15:55 Penny Sized Combustion Engines
18:40 Science For Science’s Sake

▀▀▀
A massive thank you to Kevin Chen and the Soft and Micro Robotics Laboratory at MIT.
for hosting us and showcasing their incredible robots. Do check out their paper Acrobatics at Insect Scale: https://www.science.org/doi/10.....1126/scirobotics.ad
We’re incredibly grateful to Mechanical Engineering at Cornell and the Harvard Microrobotics Lab for their groundbreaking work that informed much of what we’ve shared here.
Special thanks to Pakpong Chirarattananon and Cameron Aubin for their expertise and insights into mini-robot science.

CORRECTION: The scale bar at 18:19 is wrong. It should be 2cm, not 2mm. Thanks @nicolaszaugg5825 for pointing it out.

▀▀▀
If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically. https://snatoms.com/

Sign up to the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates - https://ve42.co/Newsletter

References: https://ve42.co/botsrefs

Video and Image Credits:
Giving bug-like, flying robots a boost by MIT via YouTube - https://ve42.co/FlyingRobots
Leading edge vortex stably attached near the base of a freely flying maple seed Acer pseudo-platanus by Francis Villatoro via YouTube - https://ve42.co/VortexStab
NASA Mars Helicopter Ingenuity Animations by JPLRaw via YouTube - https://ve42.co/IngenuityAnim
Rolls-Royce | SWARM Robots by Rolls Royce via YouTube - https://ve42.co/SWARMRobots
Robot Rescue: Behind The Technology Deployed For Disaster Relief | by NBC News via YouTube - https://ve42.co/RobotRescue
Call to Service: The Final Rescue of 9/11 by 5.11 Tactical via YouTube - https://ve42.co/CallToService
Colony Collapse: The Mystery of the Missing Bees | Retro Report | by NYT via YouTube - https://ve42.co/ColonyCollapse

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Autodidactic Studios, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, Evgeny Skvortsov, Farbod Mansorian, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, Greg Scopel, I. H., Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Spilmann Reed, TTST, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, gpoly, meg noah, wolfee

▀▀▀
Directed by Henry van Dyck
Written by Henry van Dyck
Edited by Nick Lear and Trenton Oliver
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek, Emma Wright and Ivy Tello
Filmed by Henry van Dyck, Petr Lebedev and Michael Cimpher
Additional Research by Geeta Thakur and Gabe Strong
Produced by Derek Muller, Henry van Dyck, Rob Beasley Spence, and Tori Brittain
Thumbnail contributions by Ben Powell, Peter Sheppard, Ren Hurley and Henry van Dyck
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Story blocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

Scientists like Prof Sinclair have evidence of speeding up, slowing, and even reversing aging.
Thanks to LastPass for sponsoring this video. Click here to start using LastPass: https://ve42.co/VeLP

What causes aging? According to Professor David Sinclair, it is a loss of information in our epigenome, the system of proteins like histones and chemical markers like methylation that turn on and off genes. Epigenetics allow different cell types to perform their specific functions - they are what differentiate a brain cell from a skin cell. Our DNA is constantly getting broken, by cosmic rays, UV radiation, free radicals, x-rays and regular cell division etc. When our cells repair that damage, the epigenome is not perfectly reset. And hence over time, noise accumulates in our epigenome. Our cells no longer perform their functions well.

To counter this decline, we can activate the body's own defenses against aging by stressing the body. Eat less, eat less protein, engage in intense exercise, experience uncomfortable cold. When the body senses existential threats it triggers longevity genes, which attempt to maintain the body to ensure its survival until good times return. This may be the evolutionary legacy of early bacteria, which established these two modes of living (repair and protect vs grow and reproduce). Scientists are uncovering ways to mimic stresses on the body without the discomfort of fasting. Molecules like NMN also trigger sirtuins to monitor and repair the epigenome. This may slow aging.

Reversing aging requires an epigenetic reset, which may be possible using Yamanaka factors. These four factors can revert an adult cell into a pluripotent stem cell. Prof. Sinclair used three of the four factors to reverse aging in the retinal cells of old mice. He found they could see again after the treatment.

Special thanks to:
Professor David Sinclair, check out his book "Lifespan: Why We Age & Why We Don't Have To"
Assistant Professor David Gold
Noemie Sierra (for polyp images)
Genepool Productions for telomere animations from Immortal: https://ve42.co/immortal
Epigenetics animations (DNA, histones, methylation etc) courtesy of: http://wehi.tv
Animation: Etsuko Uno
Art and Technical Direction: Drew Berry
Sound Design: Francois Tetaz & Emma Bortignon
Scientific Consultation: Marnie Blewitt
Courtesy of Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research

Filming, editing and animation by Jonny Hyman and Derek Muller

Music from https://epidemicsound.com "Clearer Views" "Innovations" "A Sound Foundation" "Seaweed"
Additional music by Kevin MacLeod from https://incompetech.com "Marty Gots a Plan"

I got the chance to interview Bill Gates so I asked him: Will Covid-19 be the last pandemic? How does he deal with misinformation and conspiracy theories? And what is the next disaster? The Foundation Letter is here: https://ve42.co/BG21

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Ludovic Robillard, jim buckmaster, Robert, fanime96, Marc Forand, Juan Benet, Robert Blum, Grace O'Maille KRON x Arc iOS, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Lyvann Ferrusca, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex , Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal

Thanks to Petr Lebedev for the thumbnail, early edits and Jonny Hyman for feedback

In a zero-g plane I experimented with flames and slinkies with surprising results.
Check out e-penser's video: http://ve42.co/EPzeroG
Check out Physicsgirl's video: http://ve42.co/PGzeroG

Thanks to Novespace: http://ve42.co/novespace

Special thanks to Patreon Supporters:
Tony Fadell, Donal Botkin, Nick Luchsinger, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen

The zero-g plane allows for a lot of experiments to be conducted without the expense of getting equipment into orbit. Apparently 80% of microgravity research can be performed in a zero-gravity plane, which is much cheaper than going to space. The flame from the lighter seemed much lazier in zero-g because without weight there is no buoyant force and therefore no convection. This makes the process of combustion more challenging because it's difficult for oxygen to reach the fuel.

Music from the Epidemic Sound: http://ve42.co/epidemic
"Serene Story 2" "In Orbit 2"

Imagine solving a rabies outbreak with chicken heads.

#kurzgesagt
#inanutshell #kurzgesagt_inanutshell #learnwithshorts #science

Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/kgs-tiktok-sources

Follow us for more sciencey content! 🦆

OUR CHANNELS
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
German: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE
Spanish: https://kgs.link/youtubeES
French: https://kgs.link/youtubeFR
Portuguese: https://kgs.link/youtubePT
Arabic: https://kgs.link/youtubeAR
Hindi: https://kgs.link/youtubeHI
Japanese: https://kgs.link/youtubeJA
Korean: https://kgs.link/youtubeKO


HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!

Get Products designed with ❤ https://shop.kgs.link/shorts
Become a Part of kurzgesagt by joining the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon


DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
TikTok: https://kgs.link/tiktok
Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit
Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram
Twitter: https://kgs.link/twitter
Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook
Discord: https://kgs.link/discord
Newsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletter


OUR VOICE
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
The Kurzgesagt voice is from
Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voice


OUR MUSIC ♬♪
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

We got a bird flu simulator before GTA 6... 🐔

But seriously – why does bird flu spread so quickly and why is it so difficult to contain its spread? Let's look at it together.

#kurzgesagt
#inanutshell #kurzgesagt_inanutshell #learnwithshorts #science #birdflu #birdflutreatment #biology

Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/kgs-tiktok-sources

Follow us for more sciencey content! 🦆

OUR CHANNELS
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
German: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE
Spanish: https://kgs.link/youtubeES
French: https://kgs.link/youtubeFR
Portuguese: https://kgs.link/youtubePT
Arabic: https://kgs.link/youtubeAR
Hindi: https://kgs.link/youtubeHI
Japanese: https://kgs.link/youtubeJA
Korean: https://kgs.link/youtubeKO


HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!

Get Products designed with ❤ https://shop.kgs.link/shorts
Become a Part of kurzgesagt by joining the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon


DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram
TikTok: https://kgs.link/tiktok
Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit
Discord: https://kgs.link/discord
Twitter: https://kgs.link/twitter
Bluesky: https://kgs.link/bluesky
Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook
Newsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletter


OUR VOICE
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
The Kurzgesagt voice is from
Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voice


OUR MUSIC ♬♪
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

Did you know whales evolved from dog-sized land animals? Meet Pakicetus, the ancestor that started it all.

#kurzgesagt
#inanutshell #kurzgesagt_inanutshell #learnwithshorts #science #evolution #whales

Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/kgs-tiktok-sources

Follow us for more sciencey content! 🦆

OUR CHANNELS
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
German: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE
Spanish: https://kgs.link/youtubeES
French: https://kgs.link/youtubeFR
Portuguese: https://kgs.link/youtubePT
Arabic: https://kgs.link/youtubeAR
Hindi: https://kgs.link/youtubeHI
Japanese: https://kgs.link/youtubeJA
Korean: https://kgs.link/youtubeKO


HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!

Get Products designed with ❤ https://shop.kgs.link/shorts
Become a Part of kurzgesagt by joining the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon


DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
TikTok: https://kgs.link/tiktok
Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit
Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram
Twitter: https://kgs.link/twitter
Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook
Discord: https://kgs.link/discord
Newsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletter


OUR VOICE
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
The Kurzgesagt voice is from
Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voice


OUR MUSIC ♬♪
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

A nuclear war doesn’t take weeks or days, it unfolds in minutes. In this scenario, 86 missiles are on the way and only you, the president, can authorize a counterattack. What would you do?

#kurzgesagt
#inanutshell #kurzgesagt_inanutshell #learnwithshorts #science #nuclearwar #nuclearthreat

Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/kgs-tiktok-sources

Follow us for more sciencey content! 🦆

OUR CHANNELS
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
German: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE
Spanish: https://kgs.link/youtubeES
French: https://kgs.link/youtubeFR
Portuguese: https://kgs.link/youtubePT
Arabic: https://kgs.link/youtubeAR
Hindi: https://kgs.link/youtubeHI
Japanese: https://kgs.link/youtubeJA
Korean: https://kgs.link/youtubeKO


HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!

Get Products designed with ❤ https://shop.kgs.link/shorts
Become a Part of kurzgesagt by joining the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon


DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram
TikTok: https://kgs.link/tiktok
Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit
Discord: https://kgs.link/discord
Twitter: https://kgs.link/twitter
Bluesky: https://kgs.link/bluesky
Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook
Newsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletter


OUR VOICE
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
The Kurzgesagt voice is from
Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voice


OUR MUSIC ♬♪
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

Size is the most under appreciated regulators of living things. Let us demonstrate that by throwing animals from buildings.


OUR CHANNELS
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE
Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES


HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!

Get Merch designed with ❤ from https://kgs.link/shop
Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon


DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit
Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram
Twitter: https://kgs.link/twitter
Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook
Discord: https://kgs.link/discord
Newsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletter


OUR VOICE
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
The Kurzgesagt voice is from
Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voice


OUR MUSIC ♬♪
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

The Soundtrack of this video:

Soundcloud: http://bit.ly/2urNZeI
Bandcamp: http://bit.ly/2vRndw0
Facebook: http://bit.ly/2qW6bY4


🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons from http://kgs.link/patreon who support us every month and made this video possible:

Tommy Palm, Rob Kay, Krystian Jagoda, Nathaniel Caza, Ing Apilitkitsmai, Felix Nilsson, Andrew Czarnietzki, Curtis Light, Shalay Hudson, Devin Harris, Sascha Holste, Garret Robinson, Eric Korhonen, Ivy McLeod, Jonathan Smithson, Kristin Wolff, Bram Vandenbogae, Dane Shea, Jean Rossi, Tom Hoy, Nick, Luke Chromy, Benjamin Rich, Florian Wilke, Nomubiku, Brad Gordon, Alec Wassill, Andrew Ferrell, André Campos, Andrea Stiffelman, Annette Allen, Luke England, Quique Bengochea, Mikael Linderholm, Robin Fernandes, Gabriel Marante, Jonathan Kelly, Christian Frinken, JD Manuel, Simon Naus, Matthew Remillard, James Camidge, Joao Neves, Brenton Doherty, Janet Low, Lucy Zhang, Harry Kingsley, Allan Lazo, Aleksandar Milanov, Lennart Hensler, John P., zjweele13, Simon Strandgaard, Owen, Drake Hardy, Harry Dong, Lci larocci, Graham Shumway, Jona Derks, David Matlock, Hans Wurst, Steven Boliek, Paul Chensy, Philip Preston, Daniel Du, Oskuro, Mark Simonson, Mārtiņš Zinbergs. Dylan Mason, Cameron Stewart, Joanne Chou, Andrew O’Neill, Ramsay Kamal, Dani Rabinowitz, Vlad Zinchenko, Dennis Kaur, Benjamin Davis, Waltimus Prime, Daniele A. muchtas, Matt Randall, Ani, Quintc, Eugene Zingerman, Stephen Collis, Kevin Keogh, Scott Stevens, John Cantwell, Marcin Lepczyk, Jannik Wagner, John Tschampel, David, Augusto, Mike Rotondo, Matthew Leibowitz, Martin Gauer, ShiroKuma, William Closson, Jeff Cerminar, Marc Kuiper, Samuel Choy, Per Opedal, Oddysen, TJ, Váradi Bence, Marcie Shepherd, Ken Rutabana, Roman Rys, Chase Reynolds, Nathan Skirrow, Charles Mowers, Brandon Lane, Mitch Haggman, Patrick Nobl, vladimir šebez, Nicholas Evers, David Hirsch, Misko Giboreau, Friedrich Reider, Christian Massold, Björn Keßel, Ron Leonard, Johann Goergen, Tonina Zhelyazkova, Tony Nitowski, Geoffrey Major, William Bonwitt, Arslan Ablikim, James Tran, JP Hastings-Spital, Michael Shi, Anni Gill, Cymon Carlisle, bob smith, Jonathan Brunette, George Murray, John, Bryan Lawlor, Bjarne Kohnke, Christopher Isar, Renee Undrits, Joshua Hardin, Diego, Maggs, Akram Jamal-Allail, shoftee, Dattu Patel, Josh Heri, Christopher Dein DeltaNutmeg, Julian Hartline, Jesper Sølvsten, Adam Thompson, Amadon Faul, Ben Spicer, Dan-Dumitru Donici, Kaushik Narasimhan, Dennis Kok, Carlo Fajardo, Zaneksy, Rami Najjar, Rik Muschamp, César Rdez, David Marsden, Klasoweit, Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage, Nicholas, Nathan Dietrich, Manolo Calderon, Gil Nemesh, Caleb, Karthik Sekar, Jean-Francois Blain, Travis Harger, Jose Zamora, Danilo Metzger, Olle Karlberg, TJ, Patrick Hart, SCPNostalgia, Devin, David Oxley, Andy Hill, Maxime Cony, Vjenceslav, Neil Mukhopadhyay, Cory Bosse, Kara M., Dogydogsun, Andy Zeng, Angela Flierman, Tyler Alden, Klaus Prünster, Alex Boyd, Diana Martínez, Danny Fast, Bryce Watson, Chan Maneesilasan, Johanna Lind, Orphansmith, 彥霖 陳, Emanuel Hafner, James Dominguez, Kevin Hackbarth, Pablo Pagano, Liam Quin, Dan Rossiter, James Phan, Leon Klang, Romain Isnel, Anthony Eales, Freebite, Logan Rankin, Udi Eylat


Help us caption & translate this video!

http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2

What Happens If We Throw an Elephant From a Skyscraper? Life & Size 1

Did you ever wonder what happened if you detonated a nuclear bomb in the Marianas Trench? No? We neither! Let us find out together!

This video was inspired by xkcd and a video that shall remain unnamed.
https://what-if.xkcd.com/15/

Sources and further reading
http://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com..../wp-content/uploads/
https://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/effects/
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/737271.pdf


OUR CHANNELS
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE
Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES


HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!

Get Merch designed with ❤ from https://kgs.link/shop
Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon


DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit
Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram
Twitter: https://kgs.link/twitter
Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook
Discord: https://kgs.link/discord
Newsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletter


OUR VOICE
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
The Kurzgesagt voice is from
Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voice


OUR MUSIC ♬♪
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

The Soundtrack of this video:

Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/2LCuhlj
Bandcamp: https://bit.ly/2zVL7Kb
Facebook: https://bit.ly/2GIoZlH


🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons from http://kgs.link/patreon who support us every month and made this video possible:

Aleksandr Fedorov, Fabio Legario, Tom Wood, XiledLucifer, Daniel Roden, Nathan Blubaugh, Elliott Kajdan, Wade Tregaskis, Aaron Pagel, RH, Erik Rinard, Timothy Novotny, Mobin Araghi, Stephen Davies, InsecureSpike, Paweł Dybiec, Natty Zepko, Sydney Odell, Tom Mulcahy, Tobias Kruft, Yuvraaj Kelkar, Alex Stirling, Lisa Yuan, Patrick Lopes, Joe Magnabosco, Guatón, Mason Mast, Johan Giraldo, Sean Southard, Vasily Drobot, flickers, Shannon McDowell,Lorenzo Castro, Patrick Yun, Andres Gonzalez, Keith Byrne, Michal Bandzi, Антон Мороз, Tuan Pham, Matt Kowalski, Jamie Middleton, Arjun, Suicune2000, Vlad Catanescu, Oliviero Chiodo, pineapplethief, Jared Gay, Jer My, Noah Rosenfield, Rafael Puentes, Kevin Kelleher, Léo, Alex Meadows, myoubae, Sam Woodrow, Hannah Morris, Romain Richard, Brendan Lawton, MattS, Callum Sewell, Tobias Haase, Justin Logan, Erhan GULLU, Cardo Sommerhage

Help us caption & translate this video!

http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_p...

Everything will end. Even the universe. But in a future so far away that it defies description, there will still be light and therefore a chance for life. It will be around White Dwarfs, the corpses of stars. But even they will fade one day..

Check out Epic Mountain Music: http://www.epic-mountain.com/


OUR CHANNELS
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
German Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE
Spanish Channel: https://kgs.link/youtubeES


HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!

Get Merch designed with ❤ from https://kgs.link/shop
Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon


DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit
Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram
Twitter: https://kgs.link/twitter
Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook
Discord: https://kgs.link/discord
Newsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletter


OUR VOICE
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
The Kurzgesagt voice is from
Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voice


OUR MUSIC ♬♪
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

The Soundtrack of this video:

Soundcloud: http://bit.ly/2q1sVt2
Bandcamp: http://bit.ly/2qHYmF1
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/epic-mountain-music


🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons from http://kgs.link/patreon who support us every month and made this video possible:

Whangam, Sanghyun Park, Brian Boerner, iffn, Michael Andersen, Patrick Haugh, Stephan Broek, Zach Keith, Shaun, Danny Lo, Andre Szarmach, YL Kang, Maaike, vivian james, Kevin LI, darkmage0707077, Teruki Ito, Tovi Sonnenberg, Chandan Grayson-Pattar, Robert Holloway, oscar schreuder, Toni Tadolini, Dakota Vadimsky, Sapphire, Jon Adams, Matt, Gavin Kirby, ANIRUDH PATEL, Alfonso Ortiz, Adam Wiggins, Arvid Tunvall, Stefan Lˆrwald, Sean Fujiwara, ”lafur Reynir, Rayan Mestiri, Jason Heath, Shane, Michael Odom, Joost Uitdehaag, Bradley Thomas, Vladimir Fleurima, Ivan Kanev, Juan Marchetto, James Gemelli, Jamie Denysek, Zbigniew, Rolandas Brazauskas, Skylar Dodds, Duncan Lewis, Ivan Avdeev, Marc Watine, Mitchell Hulick, Christopher Meyers, Gavin Sellers, Maggie Siu, ANTIcarrot, Dan Buchoff, Daniel Ploch, Gabriele Michieletto, Sean Boone, Hayden Froehlich, Jakub Furicka, Snakes!, Benjamin Wood, Alexander Vocaet, Beth Notturno, John Wiggains, Guy Shtainer, Ursa Oannes, Patrick Duthie, Ami Noo, Ryan Dougherty, David Darko, Jun, Jon Tidd, Zach Smith, Susanne Seibt, Zane Bacon, Thibault Siouffi, MF RUCKUS, Jonathan Tseng, Zach Donnell, Andrew Cafourek, Mitchel Laihinen, Ginette Ng, adam lenk, Jay Buys, Jaben Cargman, Tizian Danzinger, Nick Hutcherson, Julia Robak, James Seckelman, Hristo Dimitrov, Gary Wong, DR EBERLE, Janico Greifenberg, Bobby Biswal, David Reddy, Aykin «akaloz, Steve Downing, Andy Carlson, Jesse Richards, Jason Michaels, Dillon Laster, Mikel Serralde

Help us caption & translate this video!

http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2

The Last Light Before Eternal Darkness – White Dwarfs & Black Dwarfs