Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Part 4 of our special series on Human Ancestry. Watch it all ►► http://bit.ly/OKTBSHuman
Watch Mutant Menu on BrainCraft: https://youtu.be/NrDM6Ic2xMM
↓↓↓More info and sources below ↓↓↓

In part 4 of our special series on human ancestry and evolution, we look into the future. Now that genetic engineering tools like CRISPR allow us to edit our genes, how will that impact human evolution going forward? Are designer babies or eugenics around the corner? Welcome to a world of nonrandom mutation and unnatural selection.

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REFERENCES:

WHO fact sheet on obesity risks and death vs underweight: http://www.who.int/mediacentre..../factsheets/fs311/en

Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2012). A programmable dual-RNA–guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science, 337(6096), 816-821.

Knoepfler, P. (2015). GMO Sapiens: the life-changing science of designer babies. World Scientific.

Enriquez, J., & Gullans, S. (2015). Evolving Ourselves. Oneworld Publications.

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It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson
Producer/editor/animator: Andrew Matthews
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/PBSDSDonate

Try Audible today: http://www.audible.com/ok
“I Contain Multitudes” by Ed Yong http://amzn.to/2aE5rlf
↓ More info and sources below ↓

Get yourself an awesome IOTBS shirt! http://dftba.com/besmart

Learn more/references:
Fujimura, Kei E., et al. "House dust exposure mediates gut microbiome Lactobacillus enrichment and airway immune defense against allergens and virus infection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.2 (2014): 805-810.

Strachan, David P. "Family size, infection and atopy: the first decade of the 'hygiene hypothesis'." Thorax 55.Suppl 1 (2000): S2.

Gerrard, J. W., et al. "Serum IgE levels in white and metis communities in Saskatchewan." Annals of allergy 37.2 (1976): 91-100.

Kuleshov, Volodymyr, et al. "Synthetic long-read sequencing reveals intraspecies diversity in the human microbiome." Nature biotechnology 34.1 (2016): 64-69.

Li, Junhua, et al. "An integrated catalog of reference genes in the human gut microbiome." Nature biotechnology 32.8 (2014): 834-841.

Elahi, Shokrollah, et al. "Immunosuppressive CD71+ erythroid cells compromise neonatal host defence against infection." Nature 504.7478 (2013): 158-162.

Gibbons, Deena, et al. "Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) production is a signatory T cell effector function of human newborn infants." Nature medicine 20.10 (2014): 1206-1210.

German, J., et al. "Human milk oligosaccharides: evolution, structures and bioselectivity as substrates for intestinal bacteria." Personalized Nutrition for the Diverse Needs of Infants and Children. Vol. 62. Karger Publishers, 2008. 205-222.

Sela, D. A., et al. "The genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis reveals adaptations for milk utilization within the infant microbiome."Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105.48 (2008): 18964-18969.

C-section statitics: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/s....ocial-issues-migrati

Kroiss, Johannes, et al. "Symbiotic streptomycetes provide antibiotic combination prophylaxis for wasp offspring." Nature Chemical Biology 6.4 (2010): 261-263.

Zaneveld, Jesse, et al. "Host-bacterial coevolution and the search for new drug targets." Current opinion in chemical biology 12.1 (2008): 109-114.



----------------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
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Produced by PBS Digital Studios
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Stock footage from Videoblocks (unless otherwise noted) http://www.videoblocks.com

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY
↓ More info and sources below ↓

I ran one… FOR SCIENCE!

Don’t miss our next video! SUBSCRIBE! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub

So maybe we can't outrun cheetahs or antelope, but humans are uniquely adapted for long distance running. What does science have to say about marathon running? To find out, (and because I was feeling a little crazy) I decided to run one!

Here's what I discovered about the science of long distance running
Endurance running adaptations: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wi....kipedia/commons/7/7d

For more on the science and evolution of distance running, from training plans to cellular physiology, check out Tim Noakes' "The Lore of Running" http://amzn.to/1eKYir9 and Christopher McDougall's "Born to Run" http://amzn.to/NnF7wb

Joe Hanson - Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer
Katie Graham - Director of Photography
Andrew Matthews - Editor and motion graphics
John Knudsen - Gaffer

Music:
"Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM

Stock images via Shutterstock

Produced for PBS Digital Studios
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Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

This week’s assignment comes from artist Paula McCartney, whose work explores the boundaries between the natural and unnatural. Her assignment asks you to reexamine what those terms even mean by constructing an image of the so-called natural world.
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Gather materials to make a constructed landscape of your choosing
2. Combine natural elements with things that reference natural landscape
3. Take lots of photos, but only upload your favorite one using #theartassignment
4. Fame and glory (your work might be in a future episode)

Find out more about The Art Assignment and how to submit your response: http://theartassignment.com/

Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

In which The Art Assignment visits Chicago-based artist Deb Sokolow and receives the assignment to do a stakeout!

EPISODE 02 INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Find an interesting object

2. Place the object in a public spot where people can interact with it

3. Pick a location to observe these interactions

4. Document your experience (photo, video, drawing, anything)

5. Upload it using #theartassignment

6. Fame and glory (your work might be in a future episode)

Learn more about Deb's work here: http://debsokolow.com
Listen to a great interview with her here: http://badatsports.com/2013/deb-sokolow-interview/

Follow us!
@artassignment
@PBSDS
@SWUSUG
@realjohngreen
@olsenvideo

Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

In which we visit artist Kate Gilmore in her Brooklyn studio and receive the assignment to Walk on It.

INSTRUCTIONS - Walk On It

1. Find a big piece of wood or board

2. Paint it heavy with a color that you love

3. Put on a fabulous pair of shoes and walk on it. When it looks cool, you're done.

4. Upload it using #theartassignment

5. Fame and glory (your work might be in a future episode)

Learn more about Kate Gilmore: www.kategilmore.com
Watch an excellent video by MOCA Cleveland: http://vimeo.com/66081903
And here's one of me talking to Kate back in 2010 when she was commissioned to create a work for the Indianapolis Museum of Art: http://youtu.be/C3PjWmUJZsM

Also mentioned:
Jackson Pollock: http://youtu.be/6cgBvpjwOGo
Lynda Benglis: http://whitney.org/WatchAndLis....ten/Artists?play_id=
Bruce Nauman: http://www.pbs.org/art21/artists/bruce-nauman
Process Art: http://www.artspace.com/magazi....ne/art_101/process_a

Video Games are fun, but are they art? Heck yes. We explore the history and present of video games and what sets them apart as a means of artistic expression. To learn about many other alternative means of expression, preorder a copy of You Are An Artist: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h
#videogames #gaming #videoart

Thanks to our Grandmasters of the Arts Tyler Calvert-Thompson, Divide by Zero Collection, David Golden, and Ernest Wolfe, and all of our patrons, especially Rich Clarey, Iain Eudaily, Tom Forwood, Patrick Hanna, Andrew Huynh, Eve Leonard, David Moore, Jane Quale, Gabriel Civita Ramirez, Constance Urist, Nicholas Xu, and Roberta Zaphiriou. To support our channel, visit: http://www.patreon.com/artassignment.

Subscribe for new episodes of The Art Assignment every other Thursday, and follow us elsewhere for the full Art Assignment experience:
Twitter: http://twitter.com/artassignment
Instagram: http://instagram.com/theartassignment/
Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/group....s/artassignmentextra

Sampling, appropriating, borrowing, stealing. Whatever you want to call it, artists have been copying since time immemorial. We look into the history of the practice, and share our theories of why it is done, and what it can offer us. To support our channel, or at least consider it: http://www.patreon.com/artassignment.

Written by Joanna Fiduccia

Thanks to our Grandmaster of the Arts Indianapolis Homes Realty, and all of our patrons, especially Patrick Hanna and Constance Urist.

Subscribe for new episodes of The Art Assignment every other Thursday!

--
Follow us elsewhere for the full Art Assignment experience:
Website: http://www.theartassignment.com
Instagram: http://instagram.com/theartassignment/
Extra Credit Group: http://www.facebook.com/groups..../artassignmentextrac
tumblr: http://theartassignment.tumblr.com/
All responses tumblr: http://all.theartassignment.com
Twitter: http://twitter.com/artassignment
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/theartassignment
and maybe Reddit?: http://www.reddit.com/r/TheArtAssignment

Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

In which we meet with Indianapolis-based artist Lauren Zoll and are challenged to see what we find when we turn OFF our screens.

INSTRUCTIONS - Off

1. Turn off a screen

2. Take a photo of only the screen

3. Make sure to think of color, pattern, and form. Don't include any humans in the frame.

4. Upload it to your social media platform of choice using #theartassignment

5. Fame and glory (your work might be in a future episode)

Learn more about Lauren's work: http://www.laurenzoll.com/
And watch another video about her: http://youtu.be/4IU41v7Y9-I

Find out more about The Art Assignment and how to submit your response: http://theartassignment.com/

Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

Ai Weiwei has been called an iconoclast, a radical, a voice for the voiceless, and was once named the most powerful artist in the world. Who is Ai Weiwei? And why is he considered one of the most renowned artists of our time?


----
Follow us elsewhere for the full Art Assignment experience:
Website: http://www.theartassignment.com
Instagram: http://instagram.com/theartassignment/
Extra Credit Group: http://www.facebook.com/groups/artass...
tumblr: http://theartassignment.tumblr.com/
All responses tumblr: http://all.theartassignment.com
Twitter: http://twitter.com/artassignment
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/theartassignment
and maybe Reddit?: http://www.reddit.com/r/TheArtAssignment

Pre-order our book YOU ARE AN ARTIST (which includes new assignments!) here: http://bit.ly/2kplj2h

We visit Assaf Evron in Chicago to consider how photography can help us see the familiar places we visit everyday differently.

INSTRUCTIONS - Blow Up
1. Go to a public place that you pass daily and take a photo, not too close and not too far
2. Download the photo to a computer and look at it for 3 minutes
3. Return to the location and take detail photos of things you noticed while looking at the original
4. Upload your photos and description with #theartassignment
5. Fame and glory (your work might be in a future episode)

Learn more about Assaf's work: https://www.assafevron.com/

Find out more about The Art Assignment and how to submit your response: http://theartassignment.com/

Sometimes art is paintings, and sometimes it's a chair. Why? Let's learn about "Conceptual Art," where the idea is more important than the form. Oh, and take the PBS Digital Studios survey!: https://to.pbs.org/Survey2018

To support our channel, visit: http://www.patreon.com/artassignment. Thanks to our Grandmasters of the Arts Vincent Apa and Indianapolis Homes Realty, and all of our patrons, especially Bronze Bond, Patrick Hanna, M12 Studio, and Constance Urist.

Subscribe for new episodes of The Art Assignment every other Thursday!

--
Follow us elsewhere for the full Art Assignment experience:
Tumblr: http://theartassignment.com
Response Tumblr: http://all.theartassignment.com
Twitter: http://twitter.com/artassignment
Instagram: http://instagram.com/theartassignment/
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/theartassignment
and don't forget Reddit!: http://www.reddit.com/r/TheArtAssignment

Step into a world of musical wonder with ABCmouse's Alphabet Magic! 🌟 In our special 25-minute feature, join ABC and watch as the spinning wheel picks alphabet songs in a delightful mixed-up order.

Each spin unveils a new music video, making learning letters an exciting and interactive experience. Perfect for our young viewers, this collection of music videos is designed to captivate, educate, and help teach young learners every letter of the alphabet.

Join our vibrant learning community by subscribing to our YouTube channel at youtube.com/abcmouse, and explore more about our comprehensive program for children 2-8 at https://www.abcmouse.com/learn/youtube.

© Age of Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.

https://www.abcmouse.com/learn/youtube

Ham with Jam? - ABCmouse.com Beginning Reader Series

Introducing the --am word family!

Pam likes jam and dislikes ham, while Sam likes ham and dislikes jam. This quirky story about a sister and brother who find an unlikely compromise is based on the book, 'Ham with Jam?' which is part of ABCmouse.com's Beginning Reader Series. This animated video introduces young learners to words in the --am word family (a word family is a group of words with the same ending sound and letters, such as Pam, Sam, and jam).

About Us:
ABCmouse.com is an award-winning website that uses a variety of activities, including these songs, to help children build a strong foundation for future academic success. ABCmouse.com Early Learning Academy provides a full online curriculum from preschool through 2nd grade, with more than 10,000 interactive learning activities that teach the subjects of reading, math, science, social studies, art, and music.

Parents, learn more about ABCmouse.com at https://www.abcmouse.com/learn/youtube

Website: https://www.abcmouse.com/learn/youtube
YouTube Channel: http://youtube.com/ABCmouse

© Age of Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learn more at https://ABCmouse.com/abc/YouTube!

The sentences in the city need help making sure commas are in the right place. There is only one superhero who can help...Captain Comma! Watch the video to find out how he saves the day!

We hope you enjoyed this video "Captain Comma" featuring The Write Team! Check out https://ABCmouse.com/LearnMore to find out more about our award-winning learning content for children ages 2–8!

Watch more videos or subscribe to our channel at https://ABCmouse.com/abc/YouTube.

© Age of Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.

Visit https://www.abcmouse.com/learn/youtube to learn more about our award-winning online learning program for children 2-8!

🎶 Join us at ABCmouse for a delicious musical adventure during Hungry, Hungry Time! 🍴 Explore the exciting tastes of spicy 🌶️, sour 🍋, and sweet 🍭 foods through a catchy song perfect for kids. What's your favorite flavor? Dive into a world of yummy choices and sing along with us!

👉 Discover more fun learning songs and educational videos by subscribing to our YouTube channel at: https://YouTube.com/ABCmouse

And visit https://www.abcmouse.com/learn/youtube to find out more about our award-winning online learning program for children 2–8!

© Age of Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.

Visit https://www.abcmouse.com/learn/youtube to learn more about our award-winning online learning program for children 2-8!

🌟🎶 Join us for a fun-filled 20-minute music video compilation featuring ABCmouse's "Fly With Me" and more exciting songs for kids! Sing along and learn about birds, bees, penguins, and other fun topics in this engaging collection of educational songs. Perfect for preschoolers, this compilation is sure to entertain and educate. 🐦🐝🐧

👉 Discover more fun learning songs and educational videos by subscribing to our YouTube channel at https://YouTube.com/ABCmouse.

And visit https://www.abcmouse.com/learn/youtube to find out more about our award-winning online learning program for children 2–8!

© Age of Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.

Embark on a prehistoric adventure with ABCmouse in "Search & Explore the La Brea Tar Pits - Discover Prehistoric Los Angeles." In this full episode, we dive into the fascinating world of the famous La Brea Tar Pits, a window into ancient ecosystems and extinct creatures. Children will be thrilled to learn about the Ice Age mammals and the incredible fossils discovered in this unique urban paleontological site in the heart of Los Angeles.

Join us as we uncover the mysteries hidden beneath the city, from saber-toothed cats to massive mammoths, and explore how these discoveries help scientists understand the past. This educational journey is perfect for young explorers eager to learn about paleontology, natural history, and the wonders of the natural world.

For more exciting and educational adventures, visit https://www.abcmouse.com/learn/youtube and subscribe to our channel at @ABCmouse . Dive into history, science, and more with ABCmouse!

© Age of Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learn more at https://ABCmouse.com!

We hope you enjoyed this video "The 50 States with Carla"! Check out https://ABCmouse.com/LearnMore to find out more about our award-winning learning content for children ages 2–8!

Watch more videos or subscribe to our channel at https://YouTube.com/ABCmouse.

© Age of Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.