When the earth or moon fall between the sun and one another shadows are created. In this video, I demonstrate what an umbra, penumbra and an umbra look like.
The umbra is the darkest portion of a shadow.
The prenumbra is the lighter edges of a shadow.
The antumbra is the shadow created at the end of the umbra

MooMooMath and Science upload a new math and science video everyday.

Quantitative data can be divided into two types, discrete and continuous data.In this video you will learn the differences between discrete and continuous data.

Transcript
Welcome to MooMooMath where we upload a new Math video everyday.
In this video I would like to talk about two types of quantitative data.
Discrete and Continuous
Discrete data is data that has distinguishable spaces between values.
Often it is data that is counted.
On a graph the ordered pairs are at specific locations, so the graph is not connected, but only points
Some examples of discrete data include,
Dogs
People
Tickets you have for a show.
Continuous data is data that falls on a continuum.
On a graph it is all of the points, and the points in between.
It is data that can be measured as finely as possible.
It is often a physical measure.
Discreet data will often will contain fractions or decimals.
Some examples of continuous data include,
Time
Age
Height
Weight
Let's look at two examples and see the differences between these types of data.
Family Members
Discrete 5 family members
Continuous: Range between 5 feet and 6 feet tall
Books, books on your book shelf.
The discreet data is that you have 6 books on your bookshelf.
Continuous data is that they range in height from 15 to 30 cm in length

Discrete or not?
Number of cows on a farm yes discrete
Age of the cows on the farm continuous

Number of points scored in a game. discrete
Amount of oxygen in the atmosphere continuous
Temperature is continuous data
Number text messages sent today discrete

You may also enjoy..
Discrete and Continuous Data
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBKw0XllrKc

-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

Learn about 1st class levers,2nd class levers, and 3rd class levers.
Levers are simple machines that are found in many tools you use at work and at home.
A first-class lever has the fulcrum in the middle and the load and effort on each side of the fulcrum.
2nd class levers have the fulcrum on one end and the load in between the fulcrum and the force.
A third class lever has the force in between the fulcrum and the load.
**** After listening to feedback from the comments the way I had the arrows it is confusing. I had the arrow on the load in the direction that it is acting on the load. This seems confusing. Also, I have a typo at the hammer and label it a 2nd class lever. I describe it as a 3rd class but label it a 2nd class. Sorry for the mistake.
As a result I created a new video, and added a nice mnemonic device to help memorize the different types.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzljPiPy9nw

The Earth can be divided into four hemispheres. The Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western
I also cover the names of the 7 continents.

Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2020/11/the-four-hem

Rotation and Revolution of the Earth
https://youtu.be/-iztiJz7SJQ

Layers of the Earth
https://youtu.be/bJV5KHbghcQ

The Mohs scale of hardness explained. How can I determine the hardness or the ability to resist scratching of this mineral?
It is the Mohs scale to the rescue. The Mohs scale has ten minerals that increase in hardness. Talc is a number one and is the softest and diamond is the hardest.
This scale can be used to identify minerals.

Additional information
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2020/04/the-mohs-sca

ER structure and function

-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

Zinc is an essential mineral required by your body. These 10 foods can help you maintain your daily allowance of zinc.
Beef
Lamb

Shiitake Mushrooms

Milk/ Yogurt

pumpkin seeds

Spinach

Garbanzo beans

Cashews

Quinoa

Oysters

x-linked inheritance and male pattern baldness.
An x-linked trait which is a sex linked trait is a trait found on the x chromosome.
Females have two x chromosomes and males have an x and a y chromosome.
The x chromosome has almost 800 genes compared to only around 70 found on the y chromosome.

Let’s look at the Punnett Square for another x-linked disease, hemophilia
In this example, the father has the disease and the mother is a carrier.
With a recessive x-linked disease a female can be a carrier
Have the disease, or not have the disease.
Males can only have the disease or not.
Let’s go back to the Punnett square and their offspring.
This female is a carrier, this female has the disease, this male has not inherited the disease and this male has hemophilia.
Notice the Punnett square works similar to a monohybrid cross except the y is neither dominant or recessive. I will call the y chromosome neutral
Because males either have the disease or not, they have a greater chance of inheriting an x-linked trait.
So there you go, traits found on the x chromosome.

What is the difference between bacteria and archaea? Although they may seem to be the same,these two groups of organisms are different.

More Information
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2021/02/the-differen

Bacteria Cell Structure
https://moomoomath.com/bacteria-cell-structure/

What causes tides on Earth. The moon, sun, and gravity work together to create tides. When the mon, and sun pull on the Earth with their gravitational force the Earth has tidal bulges. The side of the Earth furthest from the moon has a tidal bulge due to inertia and centrifugal momentum.
I also cover the unique spring tides and neap tides.

Learn the difference between a physical property and a chemical property. In this video, I cover 9 physical properties and several chemical properties in order to help you understand the difference between these different types of properties.

What are the different types of solutions?
Isotonic which means equal
Hypertonic which means above
Hypotonic which means below
Tonic means strength

Types of Solutions
https://moomoomath.com/3-types-of-solutions/

A description of 11 body systems. I cover, muscular,urinary,respiratory,digestive,endocrine, reproductive,lymphatic,integumentary,muscular, and the circulatory system.

11 Body Systems
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2024/01/11-body-syst

Learn how to set up a basic tree diagram and then solve for the total number of choices and the probability of a certain event.
In this tree diagram probability example John has to decide what to wear to school. He needs to decide on his shirt, pants, and shoes.
The tree diagram will help you figure out the total outcomes and the probability.

Let's learn our cardinal directions which are also called your cardinal points.
What are the different directions found on a compass rose?
An easy way to remember this is to use Never Eat Soggy Waffles
If you go in a clockwise manner you get North East South West
So let’s apply the directions again
Finally, you can add directions in between the four main directions.
Between north and east, you can add northeast, between east and south you add southeast
Between south and west add southwest and final between west and north add northwest
These are intermediate measurements.
Cardinal directions are very helpful when using a map.
More on Cardinal Directions
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2022/06/what-are-car

Learn the relationship between force and distance in the work formula when it is applied to simple machines. Which simple machine requires the least amount of work, a short wedge or a long wedge?

More Information
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2022/03/simple-machi

Parts of the Brain-Middle School Science

25 Facts about the lobes of the brain
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2017/12/25-facts-abo

Cerebrum Top part of the brain and the cerebrum is separated into four lobes.
Temporal,parietal,occipital, and the frontal

Cerebellum also called the little brain
Controls coordination, balance, and helps us talk and walk

Temporal Lobe Helps us process sounds, in other words, helps us hear. Also helps some with balance.

Parietal Lobe It is called the “association lobe” It communicates with other lobes.The parietal lobe is where information such as taste, temperature, and touch are integrated, or processed.

Occipital lobe This lobe is responsible for processing your vision

Frontal lobe Is responsible for executive function. This includes memory, impulse control, your emotions, planning, and organization.

The brain stem controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and it also controls basic body functions such as breathing,, heart rate, and blood pressure,

Updated Version
Parts of the Brain
https://youtu.be/PKggtq1FSGI

You may also enjoy...
Left brain/Right Brain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2pHD50u9MQ
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Study Skills Teacher's Secret Guide to your Best Grades"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3bsg8gaSbw
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
*
*
For more Life Science videos and summaries see,
http://www.moomoomath.com/Midd....le-School-Science-an

You may enjoy " Activities to Improve Your Brain
https://youtu.be/4z1LMRjajaI

Freshwater biomes are ecosystems take contain water with a low salinity.
In this video, I cover rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, and wetlands.
Rivers are bodies of water that are moving. They begin at the headwater and usually dump. into a larger body of water.
Lakes and ponds can be small or very large bodies of water.
Wetlands include a marsh,swamp, bog or fen.

You may enjoy ..
What is a river delta?
https://youtu.be/lWgP6vN5s2c

The Metric System is a system of measurement used in the scientific community. It refers to SI units of measurement. It involves units of measure, prefixes, and is a decimal system based on 10.
Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2020/07/the-metric-s

Summary with Pictures
https://moomoomath.com/a-begin....ners-guide-to-the-me

Measuring Temperature
https://youtu.be/TIShPqStCEw

In this video, I cover 4 differents methods for determining which fraction is the largest.
Method 1. Is the one method. If the difference between the numerator and the denominator is 1, then the fraction with the largest numerator is the largest fraction.

Method 2. You can cross multiple and the largest product is the largest fraction.

Method 3. You can divide the numerator ( top number) by the denominator (bottom number) in order to create a decimal and compare decimals.

Method 4. You can find a common denominator and divide the denominator into this number and then multiply the numerator by the product. This allows you to compare similar fractions.

Transcript
http://www.moomoomathblog.com/....2023/02/how-to-deter