Part 2 on the The Treaty of Versailles

The terms of the Treaty of Versailles can be divided into three groups:


Territorial, military, and financial & economic. Here are some of them:

TERRITORIAL

Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France.

Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria.

Lands in eastern Germany including the farmlands of Posen and the Polish corridor between Germany and East Prussia were given to Poland.

The Saar which had rich coalfields, were given to France for 15 years.

All Germany's colonies were taken and given to France and Britain as 'mandates'.

MILITARY

The German army was restricted to only 100,000 men, the navy could now only have six battleships and no submarines. And there was to be no airforce allowed.

The Rhineland was demilitarised. This meant the German army could not go to this area between France and Germany.

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC

Germany would have to pay reparations, which would eventually be set at an enormous 132 billion gold marks.

WAR GUILT

On top of this Germany was not allowed to join the League of Nations and it had to accept responsibility for causing all the damage and loss by the war.


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The British Helmet in World War I

John L. Brodie had invented and patented a design in 1915, called the Helmet, steel, Mark one or 'Brodie helmet' after its inventor.


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The Colosseum is located in Rome, Italy.

Also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre,it is an oval amphitheatre, and the largest ever built.

The arena hosted a variety of blood sports as entertainment. with ceremonies and shows that lasted for 100 days.

The schedule for the day consisted of men hunting dangerous animals and executions of criminals, but the main event would be the gladiatorial combat. Ancient writers wrote about mock sea battles or naumachiae before the Hypogeum was developed . It is speculated that hydraulic mechanisms were used to flood the arena rapidly for such naval battles.

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The year is 1917. Millions of Russians had been either killed or wounded.

The Russian people were angry at Tsar Nicholas II for getting Russia into the war.

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The job of making decoy heads out of paper mache was entrusted to camouflage units, who were working in their small improvised workshops on the front lines.
Sculptors working in these workshops made a huge variety of decoy heads with great precision and resemblance to real human heads.


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A look a trench warfare and how they were networked.

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The war in Europe began in September 1939 when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland.

Using Blitzkrieg tactics the country was quickly overtaken.

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So, as an act of rebellion, many of the young US soldiers started to decorate the camouflaged cloth covering of their metal helmets.

At first it was with simple things like the name of their girlfriend or their favourite music band
But as the war progressed, slogans, symbols and doodles started to appear on the troop’s helmets; with many protesting against the war itself.

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The Cold war was a time of espionage between the CIA and KGB and other organisations. Technology played a key role in an agent's inventory, gadgets were well disguised and portable some were even deadly.


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Simo Häyhä is considered to be the greatest sniper of all time , reported to have taken 505 kills.
All of his sniper kills would be achieved during the Winter war of 1939 to 1940.

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King's Men - Biz Baz Studio

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The Battle of the Bulge was the largest battle fought by the Americans in World War II.

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The Cold War saw a competition between the world’s two great powers–the democratic, capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union. Both sides would fight to have the best technology in space and who could achieve the ‘firsts’.

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The year was 1822 and appeared in the Missouri Republican newspaper was an ad requiring 'One Hundred enterprising young men......' to trap beaver along the Missouri river for a period of up to three years.
One of the men to apply was Hugh Glass, a 40 year old frontiersman from Pennsylvania.

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Act Three - Tenebrous Brothers Carnival by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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Play World of Warships for free: http://bit.ly/2MXZlRF New players will receive 1 Million Credits, the USS Langley Aircraft Carrier, 3 days premium time, and more by using my code PLAYLANGLEY2019. Big thanks to Wargaming for sponsoring.

8 convicts are on the loose in Tasmania, Australia. When their hunger gets unbearable, they resort to a disturbing act of evil.

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The Ducking stool was a 16th and 17th Century form of punishment derived from the earlier Cucking stool. The Ducking stool punishment would always end in the ducking of the guilty person in water, often repeatedly in front of a large crowd.

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Sources:

Curious Punishments of Bygone Days By Alice Morse Earle
Between the Devil and the Host: Imagining Witchcraft in Early Modern Poland By Michael Ostling
Villages of Britain: The Five Hundred Villages that Made the Countryside By Clive Aslet
Punishments of Former Days By Ernest W. Pettifer
Dictionary of Torture By Nigette M. Spikes

Sergeant-Major Osborn displayed the highest qualities of heroism and self-sacrifice, becoming the first Canadian to receive the Victoria cross in the Second World War which he received posthumously.
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'Drums of the Deep', 'In the West' by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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Terminal D - Silent Partner

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While it’s tempting to deflect all the accusers as having used witchcraft as an excuse to settle grudges, there is no moment in the Salem Witch Trials in which the victims questioned the existence of witchcraft. Take the case of Mary Easty, for instance, who noticeably rocked the confidence of the persecuting magistrates with her nobel defence. Despite being condemned as a witch and to be hanged on September 22nd, 1692, she focused on the paper beams that were holding up the court’s judicial procedures. Have the accusers recount their stories separately and compare them, she had urged. She pleaded for them to check again the accounts of 'some of these confessing witches’, arguing they had lied to save their own lives when pressured to identify more witches. These requests, if they were heard were not listened to, and she was hanged ‘drawing tears from the eyes of almost all present’.

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Blumber, Jess. “A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials.” 2007. Smithsonian Magazine.

Boyer, Paul. Nissenbaum, Stephen “Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft.” Harvard University Press: Massachusetts, 1974.

Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice. “Thomas Putnam: Ringleader of the Salem Witch Hunt?” (2013) History of Massachusetts Blog.

Curley, Sarah. Lang, Katherine. Oberly, James. “Tituba of
Salem: The Racial, Gendered, and Encultured Dimensions of a Confessed
Witch.” University of Wisconsin.

Hale, John. “A Modest Enquiry Into The Nature of Witchcraft.” 1697.

Goss. David. K. Documents of the Salem Witch Trials. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 2018.

Goss, David. K. “The Salem Witch Trials: A Reference Guide” Greenwood Press: Connecticut, 2008.

LeBeau, Bryan F. “The Story Of The Salem Witch Trials.” Prentice-Hall Inc: New Jersey.

Levack, Brian P. The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Norton, Mary Beth. “In The Devil's Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis Of 1692.” Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 2002.

Salem Witch Museum “Hale Farm.” Salem Witch Museum.

“Salem Village Witchcraft Trials, Illustrated by a Verbatim report of the Trial of Mrs. Elizabeth Howe.” Sal, Mass: MVB Perley (1911).

Upham, Charles W. “Salem Witchcraft.” Dover Publications: New York, 2000.

Weisman, Richard. “Witchcraft, Magic and Religion in 17th century Massachusetts.” University of Massachusetts Press: Massachusetts, (1984).

Yang, Maya. “Last Salem ‘witch’ pardoned 329 years after she was wrongly convicted.” May, 2022. The Guardian.

There are some prisons so dark, so terrifying, they look like they’ve come straight out of a horror movie.
One of the most infamous of these is situated in San Francisco Bay, a mile off the coastline on its own little island, designed to securely incarcerate the most dangerous men convicted in the USA and ensure they had no chance of ever escaping.
The name of the prison was Alcatraz.
During its use as a federal prison, some of Alcatraz’s most famous residents included Alvin ‘Creepy’ Karpis, the original Public Enemy number 1.
The deranged and deeply violent “Birdman of Alcatraz: murderer Robert Stroud, who incidently, was not allowed to keep any birds in his cell on Alcatraz, as a punishment for being caught distilling alcohol at his previous prison.
And of course, the most infamous of them all, the tax-dodging gangster, Al Capone.

But the inmates who escaped from Alcatraz, the only men to ever succeed and make it off the island, were none of these.
Instead, it was a comparatively small-time career criminal named Frank Morris, and two bank-robber brothers, John and Clarence Anglin who etched their names in history as the Prisons only ever escapees, with a fourth collaborator, Allen West, failing in his part of the attempt.


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